Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 mRNA level in peripheral blood neutrophils is associated with asthma / El nivel de ARNm de la endonucleasa 1 apurínica/apirimidínica en los neutrófilos de sangre periférica se asocia con el asma

Abstract Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional key protein. Recent studies suggest APE1 is closely associated with inflammatory response, but its role in asthma remains unknown. We recruited 116 patients with asthma, including 50 with severe asthma (NSA) and 66 with non-severe asthma (SA), and 140 controls. Serum APE1 was detected using the ELISA method. APE1 mRNA in peripheral blood neutrophils and eosinophils were detected using real-time PCR assays. Compared to healthy controls, we observed significant elevations of serum APE1 mRNA levels in peripheral neutrophils (~1.75 folds increase, p<0.05) and eosinophils (~2.2 folds increase, p<0.05) in patients with asthma. The peripheral blood neutrophil APE1 mRNA can distinguish asthmatic patients from healthy controls with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.893 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.847-0.938 (p < 0.001). Also the APE1 mRNA can identify severe asthma from non-severe asthma (AUC 0.759, 95% CI, 0.674-0.846; p < 0.001). However, The serum APE1 and eosinophil mRNA levels did not correlate with asthma incidence and severity. Our finding confirms the association between APE1 and asthma and suggests that peripheral blood neutrophil APE1 mRNA may be used as a marker for this condition.

Resumen La endonucleasa apurínica/apirimidínica 1 (APE1) es una proteína clave multifuncional. Estudios recientes sugieren que APE1 está estrechamente asociada con la respuesta inflamatoria, pero hasta el momento se desconoce su papel en el asma. Reclutamos a 116 pacientes con asma, incluidos 50 con asma grave (NSA) y 66 con asma no grave (SA), y 140 controles. Se detectó APE1 en suero usando el método ELISA. El ARNm de APE1 en neutrófilos y eosinófilos de sangre periférica se detectó mediante ensayos de PCR en tiempo real. En comparación con los controles sanos, observamos una elevación significativa de los niveles séricos de ARNm de APE1 en pacientes con asma en neutrófilos periféricos (aumento de ~1,75 veces, p<0,05) y eosinófilos (aumento de ~2,2 veces, p<0,05). El ARNm de APE1 de neutrófilos de sangre periférica puede distinguir a los pacientes asmáticos de los controles sanos con un área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0,893 y un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% de 0,847 a 0,938 (p<0,001). Además, el ARNm de APE1 puede identificar el asma grave del asma no grave (AUC 0,759, IC del 95%, 0,674-0,846; p < 0,001). Sin embargo, el nivel sérico de APE1 y ARNm de eosinófilos no mostró correlación con la incidencia y la gravedad del asma. Nuestro hallazgo confirma la asociación entre APE1 y asma y sugiere que el ARNm de APE1 de neutrófilos en sangre periférica puede usarse como marcador para el asma.

The regulation of ovarian reserve function by Zuogui pills combined with cetrorelix / 药学学报

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Zuogui pills from the Kidney-tonifying and Nourishing Yin formula, in combination with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix, affected the ovarian local oxidative stress response in decreasing ovarian reserve (DOR) mice. All animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the guidelines and standards established by Jinan University's Experimental Animal Management Committee. Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated DOR mice were given Zuogui pills, cetrorelix, or a combination of the two drugs intragastrically. After treatment, there were changes in the estrous cycle, serum sex hormone levels, oxidative stress-related indexes, growth biochemical factor levels, and SIRT1/P53/P21 expression. In comparison to the model group, the Zuogui pills and the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group had significantly prolonged estrous periods and shortened interestrous periods, and the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group had a significantly shortened cycle length. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased and estradiol (E2) increased in all treatment groups compared to the model group, oxidative stress indexes nitric oxide synthase (NOS), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased, growth biochemical factors brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) concentrations increased significantly, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) showed no significant change. SIRT1/P53/P21 immunohistochemical results revealed that, when compared to the model group, the expression of SIRT1 increased while the expression of P53 and P21 proteins decreased in all treatment groups, with the cetrorelix+Zuogui pills group having the largest decrease, with significant differences in all indicators. We conclude that cetrorelix combined with Zuogui pills for kidney nourishing and Yin recipe improved the oxidative stress response in the follicle by regulating the SIRT1/P53/P21 pathway, reducing peroxide product production, protecting ovarian function, and regulating ovarian hormone secretion, and its efficacy is superior to that of cetrorelix or Zuogui pills alone.

Effect of Exercise Intervention on the Improvement of Alcoholic Liver Injurythrough CSE / H / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Cysathionine γ-lyase (CSE) is a core enzyme for the synthesis of endogenous H

Characteristics of Chinese Families in Which Children and Both Parents Are Diagnosed with Malignant Tumors: A Retrospective Study / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To characterize Chinese families in which both parents and at least one child are diagnosed with malignant diseases and provide reference for cancer screening or early detection in people whose both parents are diagnosed with cancer. Methods Medical records of all clients to the center of cancer screening and prevention of the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital between January 2008 and February 2018 were screened to select families in which both parents and at least one child were diagnosed with malignant diseases. The cancer profiles of fathers, mothers, sons and daughters, their age distribution at diagnosis, and similarity of cancers between two generations were analyzed. The proportions of each cancer in males and females of the cohort were compared with corresponding data from the National Cancer Center Registry of China (NCCRC) in 2013. Results Totally 135 families were identified from records of 33 200 clients. Proportion of lung cancer in fathers (40/135, 29.6%) and in mothers (38/135, 28.1%) were higher than the national data (23.9% in males and 14.9% in females, respectively). The proportion of breast cancer in daughters (35/109, 32.1%) was higher than that of mothers (14/135, 10.4%) and the national data (17.1%). In 71 father-son pairs of cancer, 46.5% (33/71) were of the same systematic disease, and 16.9% (12/71) were of the same cancer. These two indexes were 31.2% (

Efficacy of Jianpi Xiaoai Prescription in Inhibition of Metastasis of Colon Cancer HCT116 Cells： An Exploration Based on LncRNA HOTAIR/JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on long non-coding RNA Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA （lncRNA HOTAIR）/Janus kinase 2 （JAK2） /signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway and to explore the potential mechanism of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription in suppressing the metastasis of colon cancer. Method:The expression of lncRNA HOTAIR in different cells was analyzed. Following the treatment of HCT116 cells with 10%，15%，and 20% Jianpi Xiaoai prescription -containing serum， the invasive ability of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on HCT116 cells was assessed by transwell assay. The mRNA expression levels of lncRNA HOTAIR，JAK2，and STAT3 were measured by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the protein expression levels of JAK2， phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3） and STAT3 by Western blot. Result:The highest expression of lncRNA HOTAIR was detected in HCT116 cells. Compared with the blank group， each Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group exhibited a decreased number of invasive cells （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. The relative JAK2 mRNA expression in the middle-dose Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group was down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the relative lncRNA HOTAIR mRNA expression in the middle- and high-dose Jianpi Xiaoai prescription groups and the relative JAK2 mRNA expression in the high-dose Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group were remarkably down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the blank group，the relative p-STAT3 protein expression was down-regulated in the middle-dose Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the relative JAK2 protein expression in the middle- and high-dose Jianpi Xiaoai prescription groups and the relative p-STAT3 protein expression in the high-dose Jianpi Xiaoai prescription group were remarkably down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Jianpi Xiaoai prescription effectively inhibits the metastasis of colon cancer cells， which may be related to the inhibition of lncRNA HOTAIR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Development of A Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Holism / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To develop a patient-reported outcomes (PRO) scale for post-stroke aphasia based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) holism. Methods:Referring to the TCM holism, the theoretical model was established following the standard process for the development of the PRO scale. An item pool was established and optimized with case review, patient interview, expert questionnaire survey and consensus conference. The PRO scale was established finally. Results:A pool of post-stroke aphasia items based on the holistic view of TCM was constructed in the physical, psychological and social model. The Expert Comment Form for the PRO Scale for Aphasia after Stroke was formed after sorting out the item pool. After expert surveys and meeting discussion, 40 items were finally selected to form the first version of Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia-TCM. Conclusion:The first version of Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia-TCM has been developed based on the TCM holism and the concept of PRO, which can be evaluated clinically.

Effect of Polyphyllin Ⅰ on Transcriptional Factor FOXQ1 and Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer Cell HCT116 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of polyphyllin Ⅰ on the expressions of forkhead box Q1（FOXQ1）and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors, in order to explore the possible mechanism of polyphyllin Ⅰ in inhibiting the metastasis of colon cancer. Method:After the treatment with 1.25，2.50 μmol·L-1 polyphyllin Ⅰ on HCT116 cells, Western blot and Real-time PCR were used to detect the expressions of FOXQ1，E-cadherin，Vimentin protein and mRNA. Result:Compared with the blank group, relative expressions of FOXQ1 protein and mRNA in low-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group were decreased, while relative expression of E-cadherin mRNA was increased, the differences were not statistically significant, and relative expressions of Vimentin protein and mRNA in low-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group were decreased (P<0.05)， and relative expression of E-cadherin protein in low-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group was increased (P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, relative expressions of FOXQ1, Vimentin protein and mRNA in high-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group were decreased，while relative expressions of E-cadherin protein and mRNA were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with low-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group, relative expressions of Vimentin protein and mRNA in high-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group were decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant, relative expressions of E-cadherin protein and mRNA in high-concentration polyphyllin Ⅰ group were increased, whereas relative expressions of FOXQ1 protein and mRNA were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion:Mechanism of polyphyllin Ⅰ inhibiting the metastasis of colon cancer may be related to the decrease of FOXQ1 and Vimentin expressions, and the up-regulation of E-cadherin.

Effect of Jianpi Xiaoai Prescription on Activation of HFL1 into CAFs Induced by Exosomes in Colon Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription on the activation of normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts （HFL1） into tumor-associated fibroblasts （CAFs） induced by human colon cancer cells （HCT116） derived exosomes. Method:SD rats were gavaged with 13.1 g·kg-1 of Jianpi Xiaoai prescription to prepare drug-containing serum， and HCT116 cell exosomes-containing 10% exosomes-free serum and 20% Jianpi Xiaoai prescription drug serum were isolated by ultra-high speed centrifugation. The particle size distribution of exosomes were detected by Nanoparticle tracking analyzer （Zetaview）， and the exosomes' marker proteins apoptotic transfer gene 2 interaction protein X （Alix）， heat shock protein 70 （HSP70）， and tumor-susceptibility gene 101 （TSG101） were identified by Western blot， and the uptake of exosomes labeled with cell membrane staining kit （PKH67） by HFL1 was observed by fluorescence microscope. HFL1 cells were divided into six groups： the blank group， the transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） group， the TGF-β1 combined with HCT116 exosomes of 2 mg·L-1 group， the TGF-β1 combined with HCT116 exosomes of 4 mg·L-1 group， the TGF-β1 combined with Jianpi Xiaoai prescription exosomes of 2 mg·L-1 group， and the TGF-β1 combined with Jianpi Xiaoai prescription exosomes of 4 mg·L-1 group， and all groups were cultivated for 48 h. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to determine the protein and mRNA expressions of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）. Result:The particle size distribution detected by Zetaview was mainly between 50-100 nm， and the exosomes were verified based on the expressions of marker proteins Alix， HSP70 and TSG101. After co-incubation of HFL1 cells with exosomes， a large number of exosomes were absorbed by HFL1 cells under fluorescence microscope. Compared with the blank control group， the protein and mRNA expressions of α-SMA in the TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1 combined with HCT116 exosome groups were increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the TGF-β1 combined with HCT116 exosome groups， the protein and mRNA expressions of α-SMA were decreased in the TGF-β1 combined with Jianpi Xiaoai prescription exosome groups （P<0.01）. Conclusion:Human colon cancer cell exosomes combined with TGF-β1 can induce the activation of HFL1 into CAFs， and Jianpi Xiaoai prescription can reduce the activation of HFL1 by affecting the expressions of α-SMA， thus antagonizing the lung metastasis of colon cancer.

Therapeutic observation of tuina manipulation for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of balance-impact tuina therapy for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH).Methods:A total of 118 eligible LIDH patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method,with 59 cases in each group.The observation group was intervened by balance-impact tuina therapy,while the control group was intervened by conventional tuina therapy,both for consecutive two weeks.The scores of visual analog scale (VAS),Oswestry disability index (ODI),quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (QOL-C30) were observed before and after treatment;the relapse rate was estimated at the sixth month and twelfth month following the treatment.The data were statistically analyzed.Results:After intervention,the total effective rate was 96.6％ in the observation group versus 91.5％ in the control group,and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The VAS and ODI scores declined significantly after treatment in both groups (all P＜0.05),and the observation group was markedly lower than the control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The QOL-C30 score increased significantly after treatment in both groups (both P＜0.05),and the observation group was markedly higher than the control group (P＜0.05).The relapse rates at the post-treatment sixth month and twelfth month in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Compared with the conventional tuina therapy,the balance-impact tuina therapy shows advantage in lessening pain,improving the function and enhancing the quality of life in the treatment of LIDH,and it has a lower relapse rate.Thus,this therapy is worth promoting in clinic.

Diagnostic Value of MPV, PDW, PAIg and Their Combination for Megakaryocyte Dysmaturity in Children with Acute Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the changes of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet associated antibodies (PAIg) in children with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (aITP), and to explore the diagnostic value of MPV, PDW, PAIg and their combination for megakaryocyte dysmaturity in aITP children.@*METHODS@#Plt count, MPV and PDW of 36 aITP children were measured by using Sysmex XN automatic blood cell analyzer, and 33 children with acquired thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) without megakaryocyte dysmaturity. The expression of PAIg was detected by flow cytometry, and the number and classification of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow were performed by marrow cytology. The diagnostic significances of MPV, PDW, PAIg and their combination as well as the sensitivity and specificity for megakaryocytes dysmaturity in aITP were assessed through calculating the area under ROC curve (AUC), after determining the influence of each parameters on the megakaryocyte dysmaturity by Logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#MPV, PDW and PAIg of aITP children were significantly higher than those of the ATP children (P＜0.05), while the Plt count and number of thromocytogenic megakaryocytes per area (1.5 cm×3 cm) were less than those of the controls (P＜0.05). Count of RBC and WBC, percentages of neutrophil granulocytes and lymphocydes in aITP were similar to those in the controls（P＞0.05）. The results of Logistic regression showed that Plt count, MPV, PDW and PAIg were the factors influencing megakaryocyte dysmaturity in aITP children, and the regression model has a high statistical significance (χ=65.491，P=0.001) and r square (R=0.713). The AUC of the combined detection of Plt count, MPV, PDW and PAIg was 0.863, which was much higher than that of Plt count, MPV, PDW, PAIg individually or in pairs. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection were 79.167% and 89.697%, which were higher than those of Plt count, MPV, PDW, PAIg individually or in pairs.@*CONCLUSION@#The diagnostic significance of MPV and PDW for megakaryocyte dysmaturity in aITP are insufficient, but the diagnostic efficacy can be improved by combined examination with PAIg.

MiR-214 Regulates the Human Hair Follicle Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation by Targeting EZH2 and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Way In Vitro

miR-214 plays a major role in the self-renewal of skin tissue. However, whether miR-214 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of human hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) is unknown. Primary HFSCs were isolated from human scalp skin tissue, cultured, and identified using flow cytometry. An miR-214 mimic and inhibitor were constructed for transfection into HFSCs. The MTS and colony formation assays examined cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence detected the localization and expression levels of TCF4, β-catenin, and differentiation markers. Luciferase reporter and TOP/FOP Flash assays investigated whether miR-214 targeted EZH2 and regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Western blot determined the expression levels of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related proteins, and HFSC differentiation markers in cells subjected to miR-214 transfection. miR-214 expression was remarkably decreased during the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs into transit-amplifying (TA) cells. Downregulation of miR-214 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs. Overexpression of miR-214 led to decreased expression of EZH2, β-catenin, and TCF-4, whereas downregulation of miR-214 resulted in increased expression of EZH2, β-catenin, and TCF-4 as well as TA differentiation markers. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that inhibiting miR-214 triggered the entry of β-catenin and TCF-4 into the nucleus. The luciferase reporter and TOP/FOP Flash assays demonstrated that miR-214 directly targets EZH2 and affects Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The miR-214/EZH2/β-catenin axis could be considered a candidate target in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for HFSCs.

Influence of down-regulated long noncoding RNA H19 on invasion of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression profile of long non-coding RNA H19 (LncRNA H19) in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines, and to study its biological functions on cell invasion. METHODS: Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR(Q-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of LncRNA H19 in MCF-7W and MCF-7R cells. To further explore its biological function, RNA interference was applied. siRNA H19 was transfected to down-regulate H19 expression, and transfection efficiency was evaluated by Q-PCR. The epidermal mesenchymal transition-related transcription gene Snail 2 was also evaluated by Q-PCR. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate the effect of H19 expression on invasion potential of MCF-7R cells. RESULTS: Compared with MCF-7W cells, MCF-7R cells exhibit a relatively high expression of lncRNA H19 and Snail2. LncRNA H19 expression was down-regulated in MCF-7R after transfection of siRNA H19 for 24 h. Snail 2 mRNA expression was significantly inhibited after down regulating H19 expression (P<0.01). Transwell assay indicated that inhibition of LncRNA H19 by siRNA H19 could repress cell invasion (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The expression of LncRNA H19 is significantly up-regulated in MCF-7R, and its downregulation attenuated the invasion behavior and related gene expression of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell. H19 may be a drug treatment target of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer metastasis.

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Selective pressure, the extensive use of antibiotics, and the conjugational transmission of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial species and genera facilitate the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae. Here, we examined the occurrence, phenotypes and genetic features of MDR K. pneumoniae isolated from patients in intensive care units (ICUs) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University in Xiamen, China, from January to December 2011. Thirty-eight MDR K. pneumoniae strains were collected. These MDR K. pneumoniae isolates possessed at least seven antibiotic resistance determinants, which contribute to the high-level resistance of these bacteria to aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones and β-lactams. Among these isolates, 24 strains were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 2 strains were AmpC producers, and 12 strains were both ESBL and AmpC producers. The 38 MDR isolates also contained class I (28/38) and class II integrons (10/38). All 28 class I-positive isolates contained aacC1, aacC4, orfX, orfX’ and aadA1 genes. β-lactam resistance was conferred through blaSHV (22/38), blaTEM (10/38), and blaCTX-M (7/38). The highly conserved blaKPC-2 (37/38) and blaOXA-23(1/38) alleles were responsible for carbapenem resistance, and a gyrAsite mutation (27/38) and the plasmid-mediated qnrB gene (13/38) were responsible for quinolone resistance. Repetitive-sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) fingerprinting of these MDR strains revealed the presence of five groups and sixteen patterns. ...

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Selective pressure, the extensive use of antibiotics, and the conjugational transmission of antibiotic resistance genes across bacterial species and genera facilitate the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae. Here, we examined the occurrence, phenotypes and genetic features of MDR K. pneumoniae isolated from patients in intensive care units (ICUs) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University in Xiamen, China, from January to December 2011. Thirty-eight MDR K. pneumoniae strains were collected. These MDR K. pneumoniae isolates possessed at least seven antibiotic resistance determinants, which contribute to the high-level resistance of these bacteria to aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones and β-lactams. Among these isolates, 24 strains were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 2 strains were AmpC producers, and 12 strains were both ESBL and AmpC producers. The 38 MDR isolates also contained class I (28/38) and class II integrons (10/38). All 28 class I-positive isolates contained aacC1, aacC4, orfX, orfX’ and aadA1 genes. β-lactam resistance was conferred through bla_SHV (22/38), bla_TEM (10/38), and bla_CTX-M (7/38). The highly conserved bla_KPC-2 (37/38) and bla_OXA-23(1/38) alleles were responsible for carbapenem resistance, and a gyrAsite mutation (27/38) and the plasmid-mediated qnrB gene (13/38) were responsible for quinolone resistance. Repetitive-sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) fingerprinting of these MDR strains revealed the presence of five groups and sixteen patterns. ...

Species Identification Based on Morphological Variability of Femur / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the morphological characteristics of femurs of adult human and 11 kinds of adult animals from cattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, geese, ducks, chickens, and to establish an effective species identification method among various species.@*METHODS@#The 4 cm mid-diaphyseal segment of the femur from adult human (older than 20 years old) at autopsy was obtained. Addi-tionally, the 4 cm ones from 11 kinds of adult animals were obtained. After decalcification, all femurs were made into slices, and then were observed by optical microscope. The 25 indexes were selected and analyzed by step discriminant analysis according to differences between human and mammal, human and poultry, and human and 11 kinds of animals.@*RESULTS@#The histological structure of bone mineral density of middle part of femur had obvious characteristics among the species. And the morphology and number of osteon showed the trend of obvious biological evolution. There were 11 indexes with significant differences between human and 11 kinds of animals to establish some mathematical models to discriminate all species. The correct discrimination rate was 96.3% between human and mammal. The correct discrimination rate was up to 100% between human and poultry, and was 89.4% among human, mammal and poultry.@*CONCLUSION@#The mathematical models have good correct discrimination rate among human and the other animals, which could be applied in the practical species identification cases.

Totally laparoscopic versus laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the safety and efficacy of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) with laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for gastric cancer by meta-analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The literature on comparative studies of TLDG and LADG up to June 2014 were extensively retrieved from database PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Biosis Previews. The operation time, blood loss, time to flatus, time to first oral intake, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, times of analgestic requirement, pain score, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) on postoperative day 1 and 7 were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A total of 1783 Patients were included for meta-analysis, among whom 727 cases underwent TLDG and 1056 underwent LADG. Comparing with LADG, TLDG experienced less blood loss [weighted mean difference (WMD)=22.86 ml，95% confidence interval (CI): 12.0-33.72, P<0.01)], less times of analgesic requirement (WMD=0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.81, P< 0.01)，less pain score on postoperative day 1 and day 3 (day1: WMD=0.60, 95% CI: 0.20-0.99, P < 0.01; day3: WMD=0.36, 95% CI: 0.24-0.48, P < 0.01), earlier beginning to take diet (WMD=0.66, 95% CI: 0.13-1.19, P=0.01). The operation time, postoperative hospital stay, overall morbidity and anastomosis-related morbidity, and the level of CRP on postoperative day 1 and 7 were similar between two groups (Ps>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLDG is a safe and feasible procedure with less blood loss, less pain, and quicker recovery than those of LADG.</p>

Significance of auditory brainstem response in the early diagnosis of high-risk children with zentrale koordination-storung / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the change of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in high-risk children and the relationship between ABR and zentrale koordination-storung (ZKS).Methods Two thousands four hundred and eighty-five high-risk infants were followed up to 1 year old,of which 1246 cases were measured with the ECLTPSE auditory brainstem response analyzer,the relationship of ABR and ZKS were analyzed.Results ZKS incidence of ABR abnormal group was significantly higher than that of the ABR normal group (P ＜ 0.01).The ABR waveform of ZKS group compared with those of non-ZKS group:Ⅲ,Ⅴ wave latency were longer,Ⅰ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ peak interval were longer,the differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ABR has important clinical value in high-risk neonatal follow-up and assisting diagnosis ZKS,and auditory pathway damage of ZKS is more common in the parts of above the brainstem superior olivary nuclear.

Autopsy study for maxillary nerve and its artery supply / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the travel, divisions, and the lengths, diameters, branches, artery supplies of the main segments of maxillary nerve.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty formalin-preserved adult half-head specimens with intravascular injection of red color emulsion were used for the gross and microanatomical studies of maxillary nerve. The lengths, diameters, branches and artery supplies of four main segments of maxillary nerve were observed. SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The length and diameter of cranial middle fossa segment of maxillary nerve were (10.70 ± 1.31) mm and (4.01 ± 0.52) mm respectively, which was supplied by inferior-lateral cavernous sinus artery. The length and diameter of pterygopalatine fossa segment were (16.21 ± 1.80) mm and (3.27 ± 0.62) mm respectively, in which one zygomatic branch, one to three posterior superior alveolar nerves, two ganglion branches and tuberal descending branches; were given off, and the segment was supplied by foramen rotundum artery. The length and diameter of infraorbital segment were (25.73 ± 2.03) mm and (3.30 ± 0.52) mm and it gave off middle superior alveolar nerve (64%) and anterior superior alveolar nerve and was supplied by infraorbital artery. Facial segment gave off superior labial branches, internal and external nasal branches, inferior palpebral branches, buccal branch and zygomatic branch and these branches were supplied by infraorbital artery and superior labial and angular artery originating from facial artery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Understanding of travel and artery supply of maxillary nerve is helpful to regional anaesthesia and surgery for maxillary nerve. Foramen rotundum, sphenopalatine foramen and infraorbital nerve are important marks for endoscopic surgery in pterygopalatine fossa.</p>

Epidemiological investigation of burn inpatients in 6 hospitals of Hainan province: a retrospective analysis in 8 years / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze epidemiological characteristics of burn inpatients in Hainan province over 8 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six thousand and ninety-nine burn patients admitted to 6 hospitals of Hainan province from January 2002 to December 2009 were enrolled in the study. The clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively, including age, gender, injury cause, wound position, burn area, ailment prior to admission, admission time, medical insurance, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate, relationship among inpatient distribution, admission time, and ambient temperature at the time of admission. Data were processed with SPSS 13.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were more burn male patients than female, with ratio of 2.1: 1.0. Most patients were younger than 13 years (57.2%, 3488/6099). The most common burn area was smaller than or equal to 10% TBSA (67.4%, 4108/6099), and the fewest patients had burn areas of over 50% TBSA (2.0%, 121/6099). The main causative agents were hot liquid and flame, accounting for 71.5% (4358/6099), 17.9% (1092/6099), respectively. Most patients had injuries of more than two body areas (60.7%, 3705/6099), and lower extremity injury (17.1%, 1042/6099) was predominant in wound of single body area. Among 703 cases who had other ailments prior to admission (11.5%), the highest rate of prior ailments was found in patients older than 60 years (18.5%, 48/260), it was lowest in children younger than 1 year (8.0%, 32/398). The length of hospital stay was 1 to 375 day, and the admission time was 10 minutes to 90 days after burn. Total mortality rate was 0.4% (26 cases). The number of inpatients aged from 19 to 59 was obviously higher in months with high ambient temperature (from June to August), and for inpatients younger than 13 years the incidence of burn injury showed no obvious seasonal change. The inpatients who had medical insurance accounted for 10.9% (66/603) to 19.5% (121/619) from 2002 to 2005, which increased to 46.0% (372/808) in 2007 and 79.1% (869/1098) in 2009.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For burn inpatients in Hainan province, the main injury cause of burn injury is hot liquid, the number of burn adults aged from 19 to 59 seems to increase in months with high ambient temperature, while the incidence of burn in children showed no obvious seasonal change. The number of inpatients and those with medical insurance showed a tendency of increase from 2005 to 2009 in Hainan province.</p>

Dynamic change of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in rat retina during critical period plasticity / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Retinal development continues during the early postnatal period in mammals.Correct arrangement of layers and precise location of various cells in the retina are vital for forming normal visual function during critical period plasticity.Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)provides highquality in vivo retinal imaging and the possibility to measure retinal thickness longitudinally. Objective The present study was to investigate the changes of retinal thickness during critical period plasticity in rats. Methods In vivo consecutive scanning of retinal image was performed in 10 SPF Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day 14(P14),P18,P21,P24 and P42 with SD-OCT,and retinal histopathological examination was used to detect retinal morphologic changes at the same postnatal ages in 20 matched rats.The whole retinal thickness,the thickness from inner limiting membrane(ILM)to inner plexiform layer(IPL),the thickness of inner nuclear layer(INL)and the thickness from outer nuclear layer(ONL)to retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)were measured using Cirrus HD-OCT system and HMIAS-2000 Imaging System in retinal sections.The measurement parameters by Cirrus HD-OCT and those by hematoxylin-eosin staining were compared.The use of animals followed the Statement of National Institute of Health (USA). Results In vivo high-resolution images of rat retinas with SD-OCT compared well with histology,which enabled quantitative comparison of the SD-OCT and histological data during critical period plasticity in rats.From P14 to P42,the retinal thickness gradually decreased with the increase of rat ages(F=15.425,P=0.000),and so were the thickness from ILM to IPL,the thickness of INL and the thickness from ONL to RPE(F=3.973,P=0.007;F=17.529,P=0.000;F=7.038,P=0.000).The retinal thickness,thickness of INL.thickness from ONL to RPE measured by Cirrus HD-OCT were significantly correlated with those measured by retinal sections among P14,P18,P21,P24 and P42 rats(r=0.794,P=0.000;r=0.784,P=0.000;r=0.681,P=0.000). Conclusion SD-OCT is a demonstratably valuable technology to study the structure of retinas in rats.The retinal thickness is shown to reduce in thickness throughout the development of the retina during critical period plasticity due to the decrease in thickness of INL and the distance from the ONL to RPE,as illustrated by OCT scanning.