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Objective: To investigate the association between tea consumption and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Chinese adults. Methods: This study was based on China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Tea consumption information was self-reported by participants at baseline. Death was mainly identified by linkage to the death registry system. Cox proportional hazard regression models estimated HR and 95%CI. Results: With a median follow-up of 11.1 years, there were 34 661 deaths in 438 443 participants. Compared with those who never drink tea, all-cause mortality HR(95%CI) were 0.89(0.86-0.91) and 0.92(0.88-0.95) for non-daily tea drinkers and daily tea drinkers, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the association of tea consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality between men and women(interaction P<0.05). The protective effect was mainly seen in men. Compared with those who never drink tea, daily tea drinkers had a reduced risk of death from ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, cancer, respiration diseases and other causes of death, and the corresponding HR(95%CI) were 0.83(0.76-0.92), 0.82(0.69-0.97), 0.86(0.78-0.94), 1.03(0.97-1.09), 1.00(0.87-1.16), 0.84(0.78-0.90). Among never smokers and non-excessive drinkers, there was no statistically significant association between daily tea drinking and the risk of death from cancer. While smokers and excessive drinkers had an increased risk of death from cancer (interaction P<0.001). Conclusions: Tea consumers had reduced risks of all-cause mortality and partial cause-specific mortality, but not for the risk of death from cancer. On the contrary, daily tea drinkers with smoking habits and excessive alcohol drinking had an increased risk of death from cancer.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking , Asian People , China/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tea/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS, V2.5) was used in this study to analyze the common medicines, frequency of medicine combination, core herbal combinations and new prescriptions for the treatment of plateau disease from the Four-Volume Medical Code, Mannose Herbal Mirror and other related books. TCMISS V2.5 software was used to construct the database of drug treatment for plateau disease. The frequency analysis and association rules apriori algorithm, improved mutual information method and other data mining methods were used to explore the law of drug compatibility. After the analysis of 531 prescriptions for plateau disease, 20 common symptoms of plateau disease were summarized such as insomnia and tinnitus. There were 539 kinds of herbs in the plateau disease prescriptions, including 33 kinds of herbs whose medicinal frequency>=50, such as Terminalia chebula and Myristica fragrans, and T. chebula had the highest medicinal frequency; 14 commonly used herbal combinations, and "Aucklandia lappa-T. chebula" had the highest frequency; 13 core herbal combinations were obtained after entropy clustering analysis, including 8 combinations of three herbs such as "Allium sativum-Carum carvi-Ferula sinkiangensis" and 5 combinations of four herbs such as "A. lappa-Aquilaria sinensis-Ewgewia caryophyllata-Myristica fragrans", and 5 new prescriptions such as "A. sativum-C. carvi-F. sinkiangensis-A. lappa-Choerospondia axillaris-A. sinensis-M. fragrans". The main symptom of "insomnia" was chosen to analyze the treatment of insomnia, and the core herbal combinations mainly including A. sinensis, T. chebula, and C. axillaris as well as the new prescriptions mainly containing Carthamus tinctorius, Meconopsis horridnla, and Punica granatum were obtained. The prescriptions for the treatment of plateau disease were clarified by TCM inheritance system, and the clinical prescription regularity and characteristics of the combination of common medicines were summarized, to provide reference and new ideas for its clinical application and development of new drug research.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the separation and purification technology of total saponins from the root of Thladiantha dubia (TSTR). METHODS: The content of TSTR was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. By comparing static adsorption and desorption properties of different types (AB-8, D101, DM130, HPD100, HPD300, HPD450, HPD600, HPD826, NKA-9) of macroporous adsorption resin, the type of macroporous adsorption resin was screened. With the content of TSTR as the index, influential factors of macroporous adsorption resin for adsorbing (ratio of height to diameter of resin, mass concentration of medicine liquid, adsorption volume flow, saturated extent of adsorption) and desorbing (desorption solvent volume fraction, desorption solvent volume flow, volume of desorbed solvent) TSTR were investigated. The optimal technology was screened. The technology validation, purification and preparation were conducted. RESULTS: HPD100 type macroporous adsorption resin had good adsorption and desorption properties for TSTR. The optimal adsorption technology was that the ratio of the height to diameter of the resin column was 1:5; mass concentration of medicine liquid was 1 g/mL; adsorption volume flow rate was 1 BV/h; saturated adsorption capacity was 1. 25 g per 1 g HPD100 resin; the optimal desorption technology was that the volume fraction of desorption solvent ethanol was 75％; volume flow rate of desorption was 3 BV/h; the volume of desorption solvent was 5 BV. The average desorption retention rate of TSTR was 77. 96％ in technology validation (RSD=0. 46％, n=3) and the purity of prepared TSTR in TSTR dry cream was 52. 47％ (RSD =1. 53％, n=3). CONCLUSIONS: The optimal purification technology is stable, feasible and suitable for the separation and purification of TSTR.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of total saponins of Man medicine Thladiantha dubia root(TSTR)on the ex-pressions of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+ in spleen tissue of rats with type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA),and explore its mecha-nism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). METHODS:8 rats were taken as normal control group(NC group),the others 72 rats were injected mixture of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant in tail and back to induce CIA model. The 50 modeled rats were randomly divided into model group(MC group),tripterygium polyglycoside(TG)group(12 mg/kg,posi-tive control),TSTR low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups (20,40,80 mg/kg),10 in each group. Rats in medicine groups were intragastrically administrated for 35 d,once a day;rats in NC group and MC group were intragastrically administrated equal volume of distilled water. Ankle swelling degree of rats was determined,arthritis indexes were calculated,HE staining was used to observe the lesions in synovial tissue,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ in spleen tissue of rats. RESULTS:After 35 d of administration,ankle swelling degree,arthritis indexes,CD4+ expression in spleen tissue,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in MC group were significantly higher than NC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01),expressions of CD3+, CD8+were significantly lower than NC group(P<0.05);and there was congestion and massive inflammatory cell infiltration in sy-novial tissue. The ankle swelling degree,arthritis indexes,expression of CD4+ in spleen tissue,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in administra-tion groups were significantly lower than MC group(P<0.05);the expressions of CD3+,CD8+ in spleen tissue in administration groups were significantly higher than MC group (P<0.05);TG group,TSTR medium-dose and high-dose groups showed mild congestion and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in synovial tissue of rats,and TSTR low-dose group showed no ob-vious congestion or inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS:Up-regulating the expressions of CD3+,CD8+ and down-regu-lating the expression of CD4+ may be one of the mechanisms of TSTR in the treatment of RA;and with best efficacy when the TSTR dose of 20 mg/kg.
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Objective To evaluate the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) singling pathway in reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by zinc sulfate preconditioning in rats.Methods SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-280 g,aged 16-20 weeks,were used in this study.After the animals were anesthetized,their hearts were immediately removed and retrogradely perfused with an oxygenated K-H solution at 37 ℃ in a Langendorff apparatus.Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each):control group (group C),I/R group,zinc sulfate preconditioning group (group Zn) and zinc sulfate preconditioning plus Nrf2/ARE singling pathway blocker luteolin group (group Zn+Lut).After 20 min of equilibration,the hearts were continuously perfused for 100 min in group C,the hearts were perfused with 4 ℃ St.Thomas′ cardioplegic solution before ischemia and then subjected to 40 min global ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion to establish the model of I/R in group I/R,200 μmol/L zinc sulfate 1.5 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally,and 24 h later the model of I/R was established in group Zn,and in group Zn+Lut,the hearts were perfused for 3 min with K-H solution containing luteolin 50 μmol/L starting from the time point immediately before ischemia,and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group Zn.Heart rate (HR),left ventricular end diabetic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the maximum rate of increase of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax) were recorded at the end of equilibration and reperfusion.Coronary effluent was collected at the end of reperfusion to measure the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA).The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1),superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and Nrf2 in myocardial tissues was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,HR,+dp/dtmax and LVDP were significantly decreased,LVEDP was increased,and the levels of LDH and MDA in coronary effluent were increased at the end of reperfusion in I/R and Zn+Lut groups,and the expression of NQO1,HO-1,Nrf2 and SOD1 was up-regulated in I/R,Zn and Zn+Lut groups (P0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which zinc sulfate preconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury is related to activation of Nrf2/ARE singling pathway in rats.
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This study using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support software(TCMISS) to analyze the prescription rules of Tibetan medicine containing Terminalia chebula in the Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicine-Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Medicine Composition Preparation of Modern Research and Clinical Application and Common Interpretation of Tibetan Medicine and so on. TCMISS(V2.5) was used to build a prescription database of Tibetan medicine containing T. chebula.The software statistical statement module, association rules and improved mutual information method and other data mining technologies were adopted to analyze the common herbs, combination rules and core combination of prescriptions containing T. chebula.Total 502 prescriptions containing T. chebula were analyzed and 14 common herbal combinations were summarized, whose ingredients mostly had the functions of clearing heat and detoxicating, promoting blood circulation and stopping pain, warming the middle-jiao and promoting the circulation of Qi. Prescriptions containing T. chebula were commonly used to treat 640 kinds of diseases, there are 22 kinds with high frequency(≥12) in which the representative "Tripa" disease, antiquated febrile symptoms, food poisoning had the highest frequency.T. chebula had different therapeutic effects through different compatibility.The complex composing and medication regularities of Tibetan medicine containing T. chebula have been clarified by TCMISS. That will provide reference for the clinical application of T. chebula and the new development.
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Objective To discuss the expressions and clinicopathologic significances of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3)in squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL)and cervical squa-mous cell carcinoma (CSCC)before and after the therapy of radiation and chemotherapy.Methods The expressions of IMP3 in 80 cases of CSCC,90 cases of SIL (60 cases of HSIL,30 cases of LSIL)and 30 cases of cervicitis were detected by immunobistochemistry.The relations between IMP3 and clinicopathological cha-racteristics of CSCC were analyzed.Results The expression rates of IMP3 in CSCC,HSIL,LSIL and cervici-tis were 86.3%(69 /80),78.3%(47 /60),33.3%(10 /30)and 0(0 /30),and the difference among the four groups was statistically signicant (χ2 =87.01,P <0.01).The positive expression rate of IMP3 declined by radiation or chemotherapy (60.0% vs.85.0%,χ2 =5.79,P =0.013).The expression of IMP3 was related with lymph node metastasis (χ2 =3.97,P =0.046),differentiated degree (χ2 =5.95,P =0.018),clinical stage (χ2 =5.82,P =0.016)and invasion depth (χ2 =5.73,P =0.017).There was nothing to do with age (χ2 =0.11,P =0.745).Conclusion IMP3 expresses excessively in CSCC,and is associated with pathologi-cal grade and invasion progress.Radio-chemotherapy can reduce the expression of IMP3.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the chronic periodontitis tissue-derived in the periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and explore its effect on the osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs in inflammatory microenvironment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PDLSCs were obtained from human healthy individuals (H-PDLSCs) and patients with periodontitis (P-PDLSCs). The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-Α and interleukin (IL)-1Β secretion and mRNA expression levels of H-PDLSCs and P-PDLSCs were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used for determining the protein levels of p38 in PDLSCs. The levels of p38 and p-p38 following culture in osteogenic medium for 7 d of H-PDLSCs and P-PDLSCs were detected using Western blotting. After the PDLSCs were stimulated with SB-203580,the p38 MAPK specific inhibitor, for 30 min and then in osteogenic induction process for 7 days,the expression levels of the osteogenic gene Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and bone formation ability of PDLSCs was tested by alizarin red (AR) staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The secretions of TNF-Α and IL-1Β were significantly higher in P-PDLSCs compared with H-PDLSCs (68.80 ± 6.70 vs. 34.10 ± 3.07,P=0.001;57.10 ± 4.23 vs. 26.90 ± 2.58,P=0.000). The same trend was seen in the gene expression levels of both TNF-Α and IL-1Β in PDLSCs (PTNF-Α=0.011,P IL-1Β=0.009). p38 was more strongly induced in P-PDLSCs cells than in H-PDLSCs.The basal level of p38 in H-PDLSCs was lower than that in P-PDLSCs cells cultured in the basic medium. However,the level of p-p38 was increased in H-PDLSCs than in P-PDLSCs under osteogenic condition. Treatment of PDLSCs with SB-203580 and then cultures under osteogenic differentiation lead to significantly decreased expressions of Runx2 and ALP in both H-PDLSCs and P-PDLSCs (H-PDLSCs:P(Runx2)=0.044, PALP=0.036;P-PDLSCs:P(Runx2)=0.017, PALP=0.004).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>p38 MAPK is involved in the inflammatory response of PDLSCs in the chronic inflammatory microenvironment. The inhibition of p38 by SB-203580 also remarkably suppresses the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment.</p>
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Humans , Alkaline Phosphatase , Anthraquinones , Blotting, Western , Cell Differentiation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Gene Expression , Imidazoles , Inflammation , Interleukin-1beta , Osteogenesis , Periodontal Ligament , Pyridines , Staining and Labeling , Stem Cells , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesABSTRACT
Tibetan ancient literature is an important foundation for the development of Tibetan medicine and clinical research. The essential features and advantages of inheritance and development of Tibetan medicine play an ines-timable role. Jing-Zhu Materia Medica is by far the most important Tibetan medicine monograph. This book is rich in content, national characteristics, featured prominent plateau, which is practical in the clinical application. This ar-ticle analyzed the literature value and academic characteristics of Jing-Zhu Materia Medica from the drug classifi-cation, medicinal processing method, and comparison between Tibetan medicine and Chinese medicine. It promoted the analysis of ancient Tibetan medicine literatures to provide references for the scientific research, medical practice and application development of Tibetan medicine.