A Nested Case-Control Study to Explore the Association between Immunoglobulin G N-glycans and Ischemic Stroke / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study prospectively investigates the association between immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycan traits and ischemic stroke (IS) risk.@*METHODS@#A nested case-control study was conducted in the China suboptimal health cohort study, which recruited 4,313 individuals in 2013-2014. Cases were identified as patients diagnosed with IS, and controls were 1:1 matched by age and sex with cases. IgG N-glycans in baseline plasma samples were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 99 IS cases and 99 controls were included, and 24 directly measured glycan peaks (GPs) were separated from IgG N-glycans. In directly measured GPs, GP4, GP9, GP21, GP22, GP23, and GP24 were associated with the risk of IS in men after adjusting for age, waist and hip circumference, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Derived glycan traits representing decreased galactosylation and sialylation were associated with IS in men (FBG2S2/(FBG2 + FBG2S1 + FBG2S2): odds ratio ( OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.87-0.97; G1 n: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63-0.87; G0 n: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22). However, these associations were not found among women.@*CONCLUSION@#This study validated that altered IgG N-glycan traits were associated with incident IS in men, suggesting that sex discrepancies might exist in these associations.

LncRNA AL133467. 1 Acts as the ceRNA of miR-661 to Inhibit theProliferation and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and participate in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the expression and function of many LncRNAs in tumors have not been fully clarified. In this paper, 113 normal breast tissues and 1 109breast cancer tissues were analyzed in TCGT database. LncRNA AL133467. 1 was found to be lowly expressed in breast cancer tissues and negatively correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. The expression of AL133467. 1 in breast cancer cells was significantly lower than that in normal breast epithelial cells. We overexpressed AL133467. 1 in relatively low-expression breast cancer cells SKBR3and BT474, and cell count and plate colony-formation experiments showed that overexpression ofAL133467. 1 could significantly inhibit the proliferation and colony formation of breast cancer cells (P< 0. 01). Cell scratch and Transwell assays showed that the migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells overexpressing AL133467. 1 was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P<0. 01). MiRDB database showed that AL133467. 1 had binding sites with miR-661. miR-661 could bind the transducer of ErbB2, 2 (ErbB2, 2, TOB2). qRT-PCR showed that miR-661 was highly expressed inbreast cancer cells and positively correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients (P < 0. 001). Luciferase reporter assays showed that AL133467. 1 had specific binding to miR-661 (P < 0. 01). AL133467. 1 overexpression could inhibit the expression of miR-661 in breast cancer cells (P<0. 0001). Transfection of miR-661 mimics eliminated the inhibitory effect of overexpression of AL133467. 1 on breast cancer cells (P < 0. 001). In addition, qRT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that overexpression of AL133467. 1 up-regulated TOB2 mRNA (P < 0. 0001) and protein levels. But whenmiR-661 mimics were transfected, TOB2 mRNA (P < 0. 0001) and protein levels were significantly inhibited. In conclusion, as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-661. AL133467. 1 promotes the expression of TOB2, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells.

Recovery of IFN-7-secreting T and NK cells after low dose X-ray radiation injury and the protective effect of Prepared Radix Rehmanniae / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the reeovery of I FN-7- tion and the protective effect of Prepared Radix Reh- secreting T and NK cells after low dose X-ray irradia- manniae ( PRR ).Methods X-ray 2.5Gy was used to establish a mouse irradiated model,and some irradiated mice were used to establish a melanoma lung cancer metastasis model or to be treated by PRR.The propor¬tion and number of Tel , Thl and NK1 cells with the phenotypes of IL-12R and IL-15R were detected by flow cytometry.The transcription levels of IL-12,1L- 15 ,STAT4 and T-bet were detected by RT-qPCR.Re¬sults Within four days after irradiation,Thl ,Tcl and NK1 cells were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01).The expression of IL-12R and IL-15R de¬creased in Thl and Tel cells , and increased in NK1 cells ( P < 0.05 ).On day 8 of irradiation , NK1 and Tc 1 cells recovered or exceeded basic level, but Th 1 was still lower than normal level ( P < 0.05 ) , and tumor load of irradiated mice increased significantly (P <0.01).Compared with radiation group, the propor¬tion and absolute numbers of NK1 ,Tel and Thl were up-regulated by PRR (P <0.05 <0.01) ,and tumor load was down-regulated ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusions The impaired reconstitution of Thl cells after irradia¬tion affects the anti-tumor ability.PRR promotes the recover}' of IFN-∗y-secreting T and NK cells after radia¬tion and reduces the risk of tumor metastasis in mice.

Overlap esophagojejunostomy with multi-mode modifications in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy: safety and feasibility of 152 cases from a single center / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: Currently, the Overlap anastomosis is one of the most favored reconstruction methods of intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy (EJS). Despite many advantages of the method, it remains some shortcomings to be improved when it comes to the retraction of the esophagus stump, the insertion of the anvil fork of the linear stapler into a "pseudo" lumen, and the closure of the common entry hole. This study aims to investigate the safety and feasibility of a multi-mode modified Overlap anastomosis. Methods: A descriptive case series study was conducted. Medical records of 152 consecutive patients who underwent totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) with our multi-mode modified Overlap EJS method by the same surgical team at our department from February 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The multi-mode modified Overlap method mainly included (1) After ensuring the safety of tumor resection margin (proximal margin was at least 3 cm from the tumor), the esophagus was partially transected from left to right (with 5-8 mm width esophagus continuation). The specimen was then placed in a plastic bag which was tied up at the mouth using strings with a part of the esophageal wall poking through. Then the plastic bag containing the specimen was transferred to the right lumbar region, while the patient's body position was adjusted so that the abdominal esophagus could be pulled by the gravity of the specimen. (2) Using the "three-direction traction" method. The esophageal lumen was properly exposed, then guided by the gastric tube, the anvil fork was accurately placed into the esophageal lumen for completing the side-to-side EJS. (3) The 3-0 barbed suture was used in the closure of the common entry hole of the stapler from dorsally to ventrally with simple one-layer continuous suture (the stitch going from inside to inside) followed by continuous Lembert's suture (the stitch going from outside to outside). Combined with clinicopathological characteristics, the perioperative outcomes and postoperative complications of the whole group were analyzed and evaluated. Results: The study cohort included 129 men and 23 women, with a mean age of (60.2±9.1) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of (23.2±3.1) kg/m(2). Of the 152 patients, 23 patients (15.1%) had a history of previous abdominal surgery; dentate line was invaded by tumor in 21 patients (13.8%). The mean length of the proximal resection margin was (3.3±0.3) cm and the postoperative pathological examination indicated negative resection margin tumor. The mean operative time and anastomotic time were (302.1±39.9) minutes and (29.8±5.4) minutes, respectively. The mean estimated blood loss was (87.9±46.4) ml. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was (12.3±7.3) days. The overall severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ II) occurred in 22 patients (14.5%). Six cases of pancreatic leakage were successfully recovered by adequate drainage, inhibition of pancreatic exocrine secretion and nutritional support. Ten cases of pneumonia and three cases of abdominal infection were cured with anti-infection and physical therapy. Two patients developed anastomotic leakage postoperatively. One case was caused by excessive tension of the Roux loop of the jejunum and excessive opening on the side of the jejunum after side-to-side anastomosis, and the other case was caused by an accidental intraoperative occurrence of "nasogastric tube stapled to the side-to-side anastomosis". Both of them recovered after conservative treatment including adequate drainage, anti-infection, and adequate nutritional support. One patient underwent immediate open surgery because of Peterson's hernia 7 days after TLTG, and the patient died due to extensive small bowel necrosis. Conclusions: Multi-mode modified overlap method simplifies the operation and reduces the difficulty of EJS. It is a safe and feasible method for EJS.

Study of mass spectrometry imaging metabolomics of paclitaxel based on esophageal cancer multicellular tumor spheroids cultured in vitro / 药学学报

Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) can simulate the structure and metabolic characteristics of tumors in vivo, which is of great significance to study the metabolic phenotype of tumor cells and the mechanism of drug intervention. In this study, esophageal cancer MCTS were constructed, and MCTS frozen sections were prepared after treated with different formulations of paclitaxel (PTX) including common PTX injection, PTX liposome and albumin bound PTX. MCTS mass spectrometry imaging analysis method was established by using air flow assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI). The visualization of the permeation and enrichment process of PTX in MCTs after PTX treatment was realized, and the spatially resolved metabolomics of PTX injection group was studied. The results showed that the permeation and enrichment behavior of PTX in MCTs model were related to the formulations. The changes of endogenous metabolites in MCTs of esophageal cancer after treated with PTX injection had temporal and spatial characteristics. The metabolic changes of MCTS during the initial 0-4 hours were dominated by the down-regulation of middle-high polarity metabolites and some lipids in the central region of MCTS, while the metabolic changes of MCTS during 8-72 hours were mainly up-regulated by lipid metabolites in the peripheral region of MCTS. The combination of in vivo tumor-associated MCTs model with label free, highly sensitive and high coverage mass spectrometry imaging technology provided a new method and strategy for the study of pharmacometabolomics.

Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in serum of PCPA-induced insomnia rats after treatment with Suanzaoren Decoction / 中国中药杂志

Suanzaoren Decoction(SZRD) is a classical formula for the clinical treatment of insomnia. This study analyzed the effect of SZRD on endogenous metabolites in insomnia rats based on metabonomics and thereby explored the anti-insomnia mechanism of SZRD. To be specific, DL-4-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA) was used to induce insomnia in rats. Then pathological changes of the liver and brain were observed and biochemical indexes such as 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), dopamine(DA), glutamate(Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), and norepinephrine(NE) in the hippocampus and prostaglandin D2(PGD2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and IL-6 in the serum of rats were detected. On this basis, the effect of SZRD on PCPA-induced insomnia rats was preliminarily assessed. The metabolic profile of rat serum samples was further analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were combined with t-test and variable importance in projection(VIP) to identify differential metabolites, and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was employed for pathway analysis. The results showed that SZRD could improve the pathological changes of brain and liver tissues, increase the levels of neurotransmitters 5-HT, DA, and GABA in hippocampus and the level of PGD2 in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA axis), and reduce the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum of insomnia rats. Metabonomics analysis yielded 12 significantly changed potential metabolites: 5-aminovaleric acid, N-acetylvaline, L-proline, L-glutamate, L-valine, DL-norvaline, D(-)-arginine, pyroglutamic acid, 1-methylguanine, L-isoleucine, 7-ethoxy-4-methylcoumarin, and phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(MEHP), which were related with multiple biochemical processes including metabolism of D-glutamine and D-glutamate, metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate, metabolism of arginine and proline, arginine biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism. These metabolic changes indicated that SZRD can improve the metabolism in insomnia rats by regulating amino acid metabolism.

Differential Expression of Long Non-coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 2 and Imprinted Gene H19 in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the expression and the potential roles of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)and imprinted gene H19 in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECC). Methods Four samples from patients with ECC were collected for high-throughput sequencing which was conducted to reveal the transcriptomic profiles of lncRNA CASC2 and H19.Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the potential roles of the two genes.Another 22 ECC tissue samples and the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(RBE,QBC939,HuH-28,and HuCCT1)with different degrees of differentiation were selected for validation.The para-carcinoma tissue and normal human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell(HIBEC)were used as the control groups.The expression levels of lncRNA CASC2 and H19 in carcinoma tissue,para-carcinoma tissue,and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The correlation analysis was carried out for the clinical indicators of patients with the expression levels of the target genes. Results The two target genes showed significantly different expression between carcinoma tissue and para-carcinoma tissue(all P<0.05).Specifically,CASC2 had higher expression level in the carcinoma tissue than in the para-carcinoma tissue(t=1.262,P=0.025),whereas the expression of H19 showed an opposite trend(t=1.285,P=0.005).The expression levels of CASC2 in QBC939(t=8.114,P=0.015)and HuH-28(t=9.202,P=0.012)cells were significantly higher than that in the control group.The expression levels of H19 were significantly lower in RBE(t=-10.244,P<0.001),QBC939(t=-10.476,P<0.001),HuH-28(t=-19.798,P<0.001),and HuCCT1(t=-16.193,P=0.004)cells than in the control group.Bioinformatics analysis showed that CASC2 was mainly involved in the metabolic process and H19 in the development of multicellular organisms.Both CASC2 and H19 were related to catalytic activity.The expression level of lncRNA CASC2 was correlated with pathological differentiation(χ 2=6.222,P=0.022)and lymph node metastasis(χ2=5.455,P=0.020),and that of lncRNA H19 with pathological differentiation(χ2=1.174,P=0.029)and tumor size(χ2=-0.507,P=0.037). Conclusions In the case of ECC,lncRNA CASC2 and H19 have transcription disorders.lncRNA CASC2 is generally up-regulated in the carcinoma tissue,while H19 is down-regulated.Both genes have the potential to become new molecular markers for ECC.

Morphometry of the capillary loop stage glomerulus in developing mice / 解剖学报

Objective To describe quantitatively the development of the capillary loop stage glomerulus (capG) with respect to the volume density of capillaries in the glomerulus based on the morphogenesis of the kidney. Methods The kidneys were obtained from mice at various developing time points and prepared for paraffin sections. The volume density of CD34 positive endothelial cells and surrounded capillary lumen in glomeruli was measured using a combination of immunohistochemical staining and the stereological grid system. Results The capG was divided into early, middle, and late phases, and middle phase capG was subdivided into early-middle and late-middle phases, according to the morphology of developing glomeruli and the arrangement of podocytes. As result, the volume density of capillary loops in early phase capG could not be measured due to the complex "glomerular" shape. The volume density of capillary loops increased from (35.95±6.45)% in the early-middle phase capG, to (58.36±6. 30) % in the late-middle phase capG, and to (79.89± 5.21) % in the late phase capG, compared to (93.61 ±1.96) % in the mature glomerulus. Furthermore, the volume density of capillary loops remained constant at same stage even though at different developmental time points. Conclusion This study demonstrated a significantly increased volume density of capillary loops with the kidney development. In addition, the results provide a descriptive and reliable parameter for the evaluation of glomerular development.

Epidemiological investigation and follow-up study of indeterminate HIV antibody test results in Jiading, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the rate and the population distribution of subjects with indeterminate result of HIV antibody test and to understand the relationships between the western blot(WB)banding patterns and HIV infection through follow-up reexamination. Methods Samples with indeterminate results of HIV antibody test were collected by Jiading Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2013 to 2017. They were used for analysis of the source, the distribution of Western blotting band pattern and the follow-up results. Results Among 698 samples required to be re-tested for confirmation of HIV infection, 151(21.63%)showed indeterminate WB test results. There were 18 types of WB band in 151 HIV antibody-indeterminate samples. The most common band types, accounting for 79.47%, were p24, gp160, and gp160p24. One hundred(among 151)subjects were followed up and the success follow-up rate was 50.00%. Among them, 28(56.00%)samples were still with indeterminate results of HIV antibody, 11(22.00% turned to be negative and 11(22.00%)turned to positive. The follow-up confirmatory tests showed that 67.86% of the samples with p24 band were still with indeterminate results and 40.00% of the samples with gp160 band became HIV antibody-negative. The samples with one of the three band patterns of gp160gp120p24, gp160p24p17 and gp160gp120p66p51 all became HIV antibody-positive. Conclusion The detection rate of indeterminate HIV antibody results varies in different populations. Positive conversion rates with different WB band patterns are different. Follow-up of the populations with specific WB band patterns should be strengthened to detect HIV infection cases as early as possible.

Cloning and characterization of two rhamnose synthases from Sorbus aucuparia / 药学学报

Rhamnose synthase (RHM) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate rhamnose (UDP-Rha), reversibly converting uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc) into UDP-Rha in the presence of NADH or NADPH. In this research, yeast extract (YE) was used to stimulate Sorbus aucuparia suspension cells. Based on a previous study of the transcriptome database of S. aucuparia suspension cells, two RHMs were cloned from S. aucuparia and named SaRHM1 (GenBank No.: MK213340) and SaRHM2 (GenBank No.: MK213341). The SaRHM1 gene contained a 2 007 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 668 amino acids with a molecular weight of 75.25 kD, and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 7.24. The SaRHM2 gene contained a 2 040 bp ORF encoding a polypeptide of 679 amino acids with a molecular weight of 76.26 kD and pI of 6.41. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that SaRHM1 and SaRHM2 contained two special sequences of GxxGxxG/A and YxxxK. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees show that SaRHM1 and SaRHM2 have high sequence similarity with other plant species of RHMs. The results of enzyme activity assays in vitro revealed that both recombinant SaRHM1 and SaRHM2 are able to convert UDP-Glc into UDP-Rha. SaRHMs displayed maximum activity at 40 ℃ and a pH of 8 and 9, respectively. The Km values of SaRHM1 and SaRHM2 for UDP-Glc were 212.4 ± 56.70 and 361.0 ± 63.74 μmol·L-1, respectively, with Vmax values of 235.5 ± 18.98 and 516.5 ± 22.30 nmol·min-1·μg-1, respectively. This study reports the cloning and sequencing of RHMs from S. aucuparia and verifies their function, which likely provide rhamnose donors for the subsequent biosynthesis of rhamnosides.

Preliminary study on memory function of Sorbus aucuparia suspension cell to biotic stress / 中国中药杂志

Plants have a memory function for the environmental stress they have suffered. When they are subjected to repeated environmental stress, they can quickly and better activate the response and adaptation mechanism to environmental stress, thus realizing long-term stable reproduction. However, most of the relevant studies are applied to crops and Arabidopsis thaliana rather than medicinal plants about the improvement of plant growth status and the effect on phytoalexin biosynthesis. In this study, yeast extract(YE) was used as an elicitor to simulate biotic stress, and the changes in biomass and the content of some secondary metabolites were measured by giving repeated stresses to Sorbus aucuparia suspension cell(SASC). The results showed that the accumulation levels of biomass and some secondary metabolites in SASC subjected to repeated stress are significantly increased at some time points compared with single stress. A phenomenon that SASC can memorize biotic stress is confirmed in this study and influences phytoalexin accumulation in SASC. Furthermore, the work laid the groundwork for research into the transgenerational stress memory mechanism of medicinal plant.

Efficacy analysis of antibiotic bone cement in treating infectious wound of lower extremity / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the clinical effect of antibiotic bone cement in the treatment of infectious wound of lower extremity.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to January 2019, 28 patients who had infection wounds of lower extremity were treated by antibiotic bone cement, including 21 males and 7 females with age of 34 to 76 (53.8±16.5) years old. The wound area after the initial debridement was 4 cm×3 cm to 12 cm×8 cm. All patients were treated with the antibiotic bone cement, when infection was controlled and fresh granulation tissue grew on the wound surface, local sutures or skin grafts were performed. The changes of white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C reactive protein(CRP) and positive rate of bacterial culture of wound secretions were recorded andcompared before and after 2 weeks of the operation. The healing time, recurrence rate and complications of fresh granulation on wound surface were calculated.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 3 to 6(4.3±1.2) months. After the recurrence of diabetic foot wound infection, 3 patients presented different degree of rupture, and the remaining patients had good wound healing. No serious complications such as aggravation of infection and amputation occurred. The WBC, ESR and CRP of the patients were decreased significantly after operation compared with that before operation (9.1±1.2)×109/L vs. (11.4±2.2)×109/L, (23.5±7.6) mm/ h vs. (57.1±14.9) mg/L, (44.2±13.1) mg/L vs. (89.2±26.7) mg/L (@*CONCLUSION@#The antibiotic bone cement can control infection of lower extremity wound effectively, promote the growth of fresh granulation tissue and wound healing.

Progress of research on infantile nystagmus syndrome / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Infantile nystagmus syndrome(INS)is a congenital pathological nystagmus characterized by binocular involuntary conjugative oscillation and reverse optokinetic nystagmus. This condition is often accompanied by amblyopia, strabismus, and torticollis, affecting the visual function of INS patients. As the cause of the disease is unclear and cannot be completely cured, early detection and appropriate intervention of INS should be carried out. Based on domestic and foreign researches of INS, in this paper, we summarize INS etiology and occurrence mechanism. Furthermore, to provide a reference for clinical application and future research directions of INS, we have systematically introduced the most recent INS examination and treatment methods, and highlight the problems in relevant clinical practice.

Research Progress on Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Treating Gout / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gout is the second largest metabolic disease in China， which can cause joint tissue damage and a variety of chronic diseases， and seriously affect human life and health. The increase in uric acid caused by disorder of purine metabolism or abnormal uric acid excretion is the biochemical basis of its pathogenesis. Western medical treatment mainly uses anti-inflammatory drugs such as colchicine， non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs， and uric acid lowering drugs such as febuxostat and benzbromarone， which have obvious effects， but there are problems such as easy to recurrence after drug withdrawal and more adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in the treatment of gout， and has the advantages of multi-channel， multi-target， and multi-level symptomatic treatment. It exerts therapeutic effects through lowering uric acid， anti-inflammatory， anti-oxidation， and protecting the kidneys. Its curative effect is obvious and the adverse reaction rate is low. In recent years， there have been many studies on the mechanism of TCM for gout animal models. Based on the review of relevant literature in recent years， this article has systematically sorted out the pathogenesis of gout， the mechanism of TCM for gout and related experimental design. The paper summarized and analyzed the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of gout from the aspects of regulating the level of inflammatory factors， inhibiting oxidation reaction， reducing uric acid and regulating signaling pathway， so as to provide reference for the research and development of drugs for gout.

Identification of Chemical Constituents in Suanzaoren Tang Granules by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:A comprehensive and in-depth analysis method for identification of chemical constituents in Suanzaoren Tang granules was established. Method:Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was employed with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-8 min， 5%-17%B； 8-10 min， 17%B； 10-11 min， 17%-18%B； 11-12 min， 18%-20%B； 12-17 min， 20%-23%B； 17-22 min， 23%-33%B； 22-30 min， 33%-60%B； 30-32 min， 60%-100%B； 32-36 min， 100%B）， the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1 and electrospray ionization （ESI）. High quality MS/MS data were scanned in positive and negative ion modes with scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 50-1 500. The local database of the chemical components from different Chinese medicines in Suanzaoren Tang granules was established by SCIEX OS software. Then the chemical components in Suanzaoren Tang granules were characterized by matching with the local database and comparing with the reference substance and literature information. Result:A total of 134 compounds were characterized and identified under positive and negative ion modes， mainly including flavonoids， triterpenoids， phthalides， steroidal saponins， alkaloids and organic phenolic acids. In addition， the sources of Chinese medicines for all compounds identified in Suanzaoren Tang granules were assigned. Among them， 41 were from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen， 11 were from Poria， 22 were from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma， 28 were from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and 35 were from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Conclusion:The method can be used to identify the chemical constituents in Suanzaoren Tang granules systematically， quickly and accurately， which can provide a new strategy for the rapid and accurate identification of other Chinese patent medicines.

The development of auditory speech perception and spatial hearing abilities within one year after cochlear implantation in preschool prelingual deaf children / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the development of auditory speech perception and spatial hearing abilities within one year after cochlear implantation in preschool prelingual deaf children and the relationship between the two abilities. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 31 preschool children with an average age of (2.3±1.2) years. All cases were assessed at pre-implant, 6 months and 12 months post-implant using the Infant-toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS), the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) and the Mandarin Early Speech Perception test (MESP) to evaluate their listening and speech perception abilities, and using the Speech,Spatial,and Other Qualities of Hearing Scale for Parents (SSQ-P) questionnaires to evaluate their speech perception and spatial hearing abilities. SPSS 23.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: All children performed better at 6 months and 12 months post-implant with IT-MAIS/MAIS, MESP than pre-implant, and the scoring rate continued to improve, with a significant difference (P<0.01). For the SSQ-P (Speech) and SSQ-P (Spatial) scores, the mean scores of pre-implant were (0.9±0.2) points and (0.8±0.3) points, those of 6 months post-implant were (4.6±0.2) and (2.6±0.3), and 12 months post-implant were (6.2±0.2) and (6.3±0.3), the scores of the two groups were significantly different at pre-implant, 6 months and 12 months post-implant (P<0.01). The growth rate of SSQ-P (Spatial) from pre-implant to 12 months post-implant was 675.3%, and the growth rate from 6 months post-implant to 12 months post-implant was 140.6%, the growth rate showed an significant increase compared with IT-MAIS/MAIS, MESP and SSQ-P (Speech).SSQ-P (Speech) and SSQ-P (Spatial) scores were moderate correlation at 12 months post-implant(r=0.465, P=0.008). Conclusions: Within one year after cochlear implantation, listening, speech perception and spatial hearing abilities of preschool prelingual deaf children could show a comprehensive, continuous and significant progress as the implantation time increasing. The growth rate of spatial hearing is greater than that of speech perception at 12 months post-implant, and the spatial hearing could still show rapid development characteristics after 6 months post-implant.

Effects of NaHS on MBP and learning and memory in hippocampus of mice with spinocerebellar ataxia / 中国应用生理学杂志

To investigate the effects of exogenous NaHS on myelin basic protein (MBP) and learning and memory of hippocampal neurons in mice with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and its therapeutic significance. Twelve male normal mice were randomly selected as normal control group (NC Group), and 48 SCA3 mice were randomly selected as SCA3 model group (M Group), low dose group (NL Group, 10 μmol/kg), medium dose group (NM Group, 50μmol/kg) and high dose group (NH Group, 100 μmol/kg), 12 rats in each group. The drug treated groups were injected with NaHS intraperitoneally once a day for 4 weeks. The changes of learning and memory ability of SCA3 mice before and after the intervention of different doses of NaHS were determined by Morris water maze, the content of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in hippocampus was measured by spectrophotometry, the expression of MBP was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the morphological changes of neuron myelin sheath were observed by electron microscope. Compared with the control group, the learning and memory ability of SCA3 mice was decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the content of HS in hippocampus was decreased (P＜0.05). After different doses of exogenous NaHS treatment, the learning and memory ability was improved in different degrees (P＜0.05), and the contents of HS and MBP in hippocampus of SCA3 mice were also improved in different degrees (P＜0.05). Exogenous NaHS may increase the contents of HS and MBP in the hippocampus of SCA3 mice, which may have a protective effect on the neurons, and then improve the learning and memory ability of SCA3 mice, and provide a new idea for the treatment of SCA3.

Adjuvant therapy of acupuncture for elderly patients of primary osteoporosis with intestinal dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of acupuncture on bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism and intestinal function in elderly patients of primary osteoporosis with intestinal dysfunction.@*METHODS@#A total of 128 elderly patients of primary osteoporosis with intestinal dysfunction were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 64 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of vitamin D calcium chewable tablets (0.6 g, once a day) and calcitriol capsules (0.25 μg, three times a day); the treatment was given for 6 months. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, patients in the observation group were additionally treated with acupuncture at Shenshu (BL 23), Mingmen (GV 4), Pishu (BL 20), Dachangshu (BL 25), Tianshu (ST 25) and Zusanli (ST 36), etc. for 30 min each time, once a day. After 1-week treatment, the patients took a rest for 2 days; the treatment was given for 6 months. Before and after treatment, the BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck and femoral trochanter was detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (NBAP), osteocalcin (OC), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and calcitonin (CT) were detected by ELISA method. The primary symptom scores of intestinal function, serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (D-Lac) levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate was 85.9% (55/64) in the observation group, which was higher than 71.9% (46/64) in the control group (<0.05). After treatment, BMD were increased (<0.05), and serum bone metabolism indexes were improved in the two groups (<0.05); the BMD and serum bone metabolism indexes in the observation group were better than those in the control group (<0.05). After treatment, the primary symptom scores of intestinal function, serum DAO and D-Lac levels in the observation group were decreased (<0.05), and the indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The adjuvant therapy of acupuncture could increase BMD, improve bone metabolism and regulate intestinal function in elderly patients of primary osteoporosis with intestinal dysfunction.

Advances in Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicines and Its Active Ingredients Treating Dyslipidemia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Dyslipidemia is a disease of lipid metabolism. At present, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adults in China is as high as 40.40%. In the United States, there are more than 100 million individuals with abnormal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the incidence rate is increasing year by year and showing a trend of becoming younger. Dyslipidemia is closely related to a variety of diseases such as fatty liver, atherosclerosis , hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. It has now developed into a global public health problem that seriously threatens human life and health. Modern medicine believes that its pathogenesis is complicated and is related to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance (IR) and other factors. Chinese medicine ascribes it to primary asthenia-secondary sthenia syndrome, which is closely related to the liver, spleen, and kidney. It is believed that excessive fat and grease can cause phlegm and cause many diseases. In terms of its treatment, western medicine mainly uses statin chemical synthesis preparations, with stable therapeutic effect, but many adverse reactions such as myalgia, myositis, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal injury are the main factors restricting its clinical application. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history, and multi-pathway, multi-target, multi-level regulation of dyslipidemia, few adverse reactions and low drug dependence are the principal advantages of TCM in treating dyslipidemia. At present, there are more and more researches on the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia by TCM, but they are mainly focused on the observation of curative effect and the summary of prescription, and there are relatively few in-depth discussion and summary of the mechanism of TCM. Through comprehensively retrieving and collating the relevant domestic and foreign literatures in the past five years, we reviews from the perspective of effective ingredients, therapeutic pathways, and targets of action, and comprehensively introduces the latest research progress of TCM on the mechanism of regulating dyslipidemia, and put forward some suggestions for the possible research direction in the future, in order to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for TCM in clinical prevention and treatment of this disease.

Identification of the iridoids of Hedyotis diffusa Willd and its mechanism on renal fibrosis based on network pharmacology / 药学学报

To identify the composition of iridoids from Hedyotis diffusa Willd and explore the mechanism on its anti-renal fibrosis effect based on network pharmacology, LC-Q/TOF-MS (liquid chromatograpy-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry) was used to analyze the iridoid ingredients and the related targets of renal fibrosis were obtained by DisGeNET database and MalaCards database. The potential targets were screened by SYBYL-X7.3 software. We then imported the identified ingredients and potential target genes into Cytoscape3.7.1 to construct the compound-target network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, the gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the selected core genes were made to explore the mechanism of iridoids against renal fibrosis. There were 10 active iridoid compounds and 111 corresponding targets including dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), heparanase (HPSE), human kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), moesin (MSN), etc. in compound-target network. The GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 211 GO entries. Twenty related signal pathways including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, renal cell carcinoma signaling pathway, and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran-ions (Jak-STAT) signaling pathway were selected by KEGG enrichment analysis. We preliminarily investigated the mechanism of the iridoid compounds on renal fibrosis to provide guide information for the subsequent experimental research and clinical application.