Correlation of whole-volume apparent diffusion coefficient histogram parameters of rectal adenocarcinoma with clinico-pathological characteristics / 解放军医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the histogram parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with clinico-pathological characteristics of rectal adenocarcinoma. Methods: The preoperative magnetic resonance imaging data of 64 patients diagnosed by pathology as rectal adenocarcinoma were collected. OmniKinetics software was employed to draw the outline of the ADC image on each layer of the tumor. The whole-volume ADC histogram parameters were automatically calculated with the post-processing software, including the minimum (ADCmin), maximum (ADCmax), median (ADCmedian), mean (ADCmean), 10th percentile (ADC10), 25th percentile (ADC25), 75th percentile (ADC75), 90th percentile (ADC90), skewness, and kurtosis. The differences in ADC parameters of tumor markers, immunohistochemical index, tumor size and lymph node metastasis were compared, and multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the correlation between the ADC histogram parameter and the clinico-pathological characteristics of rectal adenocarcinoma. Results: The ADC25 values were significantly lower in the groups of lymph node metastasis, Ki-67 ≥50%, CA199 ≥37 U/ml and CA72-4 ≥8.2 U/ml than those in the groups of lymph node non-metastasis, Ki-67 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis reveled that positive CD31 was significantly correlated with ADCmean, ADC25 and ADC75 (P<0.05), and the ADC25 showed the greatest effect on CD31 positive (standard regression coefficient was 0.210). Conclusion: ADCmax, ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC10, ADC25 and ADC75 possess high reliability in diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma. Among them, ADCmean, ADC25 and ADC75 have higher correlation with tumour markers and immunohistochemical indicators, may be used as important imaging biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of rectal adenocarcinoma.

Re-evaluation of ABO gene polymorphisms detected in a genome-wide association study and risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a Chinese population / 癌症

Pancreatic cancer is a fatal malignancy with an increasing incidence in Shanghai, China. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and other work have shown that ABO alleles are associated with pancreatic cancer risk. We conducted a population-based case-control study involving 256 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 548 healthy controls in Shanghai, China, to assess the relationships between GWAS-identified ABO alleles and risk of PDAC. Carriers of the C allele of rs505922 had an increased cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.98] compared to TT carriers. The T alleles of rs495828 and rs657152 were also significantly associated with an elevated cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.17-2.14; adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.10). The rs630014 variant was not associated with risk. We did not find any significant gene-environment interaction with cancer risk using a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. Haplotype analysis also showed that the haplotype CTTC was associated with an increased risk of PDAC (adjusted OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.91) compared with haplotype TGGT. GWAS-identified ABO variants are thus also associated with risk of PDAC in the Chinese population.

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism at 6q25.1,rs2046210, with endometrial cancer risk among Chinese women / 癌症

A recent genome-wide association study identified a new susceptibility locus for breast cancer, rs2046210, which is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the estrogen receptor α(ESR1) gene on chromosome 6q25.1. Given that endometrial cancer shares many risk factors with breast cancer and both are related to estrogen exposure and that rs2046210 is in close proximity to the ESR1 gene, we evaluated the association of SNP rs2046210 with endometrial cancer risk among 953 cases and 947 controls in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. We found that the A allele of rs2046210, linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, was associated with increased but not statistically significant risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.96-1.41 for the GA and AA genotypes compared with the GG genotype); the association was stronger among post-menopausal women (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.00-1.65). The association tended to be stronger among women with higher or longer estrogen exposure than among women with relatively lower or shorter exposure to estrogen. Our study suggests that rs2046210 may play a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Total fluid intake, urination frequency and risk of bladder cancer: a population-based case-control study in urban Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the association between total fluid intake and the time of urination per day and the risk of bladder cancer. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted in urban Shanghai, China, during January 1996 to December 1998. The study included 608 incident cases of bladder cancer and 607 age- and sex-matched controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)and their corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for bladder cancer associated with frequency of urination, after adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, history of occupation with high risk, history of bladder infections, body mass index and other confounding factors. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05(two-sided). Results No significant trend was observed for the association between total fluid intake, time of nighttime urination and the risk of bladder cancer. Increasing time of urination during daytime was associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer(P for trend=0.014). ORs(95%CIs)for subjects who voided 4 times, 5 times and 6 or more times per day[0.72(0.49-1.05),0.60(0.41-0.87)and 0.62(0.43-0.90), respectively], when compared with those with less than 4times per day after adjustment of confounding factors. Data showed that smokers and nonsmokers who voided at least 6 times per day had the ORs of 0.72(95%CI: 0.45-1.15)and 0.46(95%CI:0.25-0.87)when compared to their counterparts who voided 3 times or less per day during the daytime. Subjects who urinated at least 6 times per day and consumed more than 1500 ml of total fluid per day experienced a significant 57% reduction in risk compared to subjects who urinated 3 times or less and consumed less than 750 ml of total daily fluid intake. Conclusion Increased urination frequency and total fluid intake, especially among those who never smoked might be associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer.

A case-control study on genetic polymorphism of CYP17 MspA(1)I and its association with endometrial cancer risk / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess whether the polymorphisms of CYP17 MspA(1)I are associated with the susceptibility of endometrial cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The allelic discrimination of the CYP17A1 gene polymorphisms were assessed with the ABI PRISM 7900 Sequence Detection Systems using TaqMan genotyping assay. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to assess odds ratio and 95% CI and evaluate the association between different genotypes and endometrial cancer development.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of wild-type, heterozygote and homozygote for the CYP17 MspA(1)I in control women in Shanghai were 17.8%, 49.3% and 32.9%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the distribution of various genotypes of CYP17 MspA(1)I between patients and controls. Pregnancy was associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer in pre-menopausal women with A2 allele, OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44 approximately 0.99. In post-menopausal women with A2 allele, more pregnancies ( > 2) and shorter time of menstruation ( < or = 32 yrs) were associated with reduced risk of endometrial cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>No significant relationship was found between CYP17 MspA(1)I genotypes and endometrial cancer risk.</p>

Green tea consumption and the risk of endometrial cancer: a population-based case-control study in urban Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of tea consumption on the risk of endometrial cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a population based case-control study conducted in urban Shanghai, face-to-face interviews were completed for 995 incidence cases aged 30 - 69 from January 1997 to December 2002 and 1087 controls that frequency-matched to cases on age. Unconditional logistic model was used for analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An inverse association was observed in tea drinking and endometrial cancer risk. Compared to non-tea drinkers, regular tea drinkers had reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54 - 1.01) in premenopausal women. Green tea had a protective effect on endometrial cancer among non-smoking or non-alcohol drinking women (OR = 0.77, P = 0.0199) and the ORs reduced with the increasing concentration of tea being served (P for trend = 0.0493). The multivariate ORs for drinking green tea < 7 times/week and >or= 7 times/week were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.53 - 1.54) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.60 - 0.95) with the trend test of P = 0.0163.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tea drinking, with green tea in particurlar, seemed to have weak but inverse association with endometrial cancer risk, but this effect of protection might only limit to premenopausal women.</p>

Tea consumption and risk of biliary tract cancers and gallstone disease: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between tea consumption, biliary tract cancers and gallstone disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population-based case-control study was conducted in urban Shanghai from 1 June 1997 to 31 May 2001 involving interviews with 627 new cases of biliary tract cancers (including 368 cases of gallbladder cancer, 191 cases of extrahepatic bile duct cancer and 68 cases of cancer of the ampulla of Vater) aged 35 to 74 years and 959 population controls frequency-matched to cases by gender and age in five-year group. 1037 patients of gallstone disease were selected from the same hospital. All subjects were interviewed in person by trained interviewers by use of a structured questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with tea non-drinkers, current tea consumption was inversely associated with risk of gallbladder cancer, extrahepatic bile duct cancer and gallstone disease among females with OR of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.34-0.96), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.27-1.03) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51-0.99), respectively. OR declined with younger age at initiation of tea drinking and with longer duration of tea consumption (P for trend < 0.05). Among males, the corresponding OR were mostly below one, although not statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tea consumption may decrease the risk of cancers of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct among females. The protective effect appears to be independent of gallstone disease.</p>