ABSTRACT
The present study is designed to conduct, the analysis on the curative effect of Lamivudine in treating liver function lesion caused by hepatitis B combined anti-TB drugs. The 4200 patients who have been treated for hepatitis B combined with pulmonary TB in 8 different hospitals from Feb 2014 to Feb 2016 were selected as research objects. They were randomly divided into control group and observation group, each containing 2100 patients. In control group, patients was applied with conventional Anti-TB therapy and liver-protecting therapy; while in observation group, patients were apllied with lamivudine in addition to conventional therapies. The variattions of liver functions of both groups before and after therapies were observed. After treatment, the liver function lesions of patients in observation group were significantly lower than that in control grop; moreover, the drug withdrawal rats of patients in control group were significantly higher. There was statistical difference between both group, P<0.05. In the prcess of treating patients with liver function lesions caused by hepatitis B combined with anti-TB, applying Lamivudine on the basis of conventional liver protection therapy and anti-TB therapy can effectively inhibit HBV replication, and prevent liver disease from getting worse, so as to reduce the liver function lesions in treating patients with hepatitis B combined with anti-TB and accelerate rehabilitation
ABSTRACT
The blood supply of the trachea was studied in 100 Chinese cadavers. The trachea is supplied constantly by the inferior thyroid, the bronchial, the superior thyroid and the esophageal arteries, inconstantly by the subclavian (14.5%?3.52), the thyroidea ima (12%?3.25), the costocervical trunks or the superior intercostal (8.5%?2.79), the internal thoracic (6.5%?2.47), the vertebral (2.5%?1.56) and rarely by the thyrocervical trunks (1%?0.99), the innominate (1%?0.99), the aortic arch (0.5%?0.71), the right superficial inferior thyroid (0.5%?0.71) or the right suprascapular artery (0.5%?0.71). The diameters of the tracheal arteries in the adult ranged from 0.2 to 2.1 mm and more than 50% of them exceeded 0.6mm.On passing through the lateral pedicles of the trachea, the segmental tracheal branches divide frequently into tracheal and esophageal arteries. The course of the tracheal arteries and their relations with the recurrent laryngeal nerves and the trunk of the right vagus nerve were observed.There are abundant arterial anastomoses around the trachea. The segmental tracheal arteries branch and run upward and downward on the lateral aspects of the trachea, and connect with the tracheal arteries from above and below. A lateral longitudinal anastomosis of 0.1～0.5 mm in diameter was found in 63.3%?8.80 of 30 cases. Arising from the lateral longitudinal anastomoses, the intercartilaginous arteries of both sides run anteriorly and medially, anastomose with each other and establish anteriorly a collateral circulation between two sides of the trachea. In the lateral pedicles the tracheal branches connect with the branches from above and below to form the paratracheal longitudinal anastomoses, enforcing the collateral circulation of the lateral longitudinal anastomoses. The posterior tracheal wall is supplied by the posterior transverse intercartilaginous arteries and the membranous twigs, which derive from the tracheal and esophageal arteries. They form a netlike anastomosis from one level to another in the posterior tracheal wall. The rich anastomoses in and around the thyroid gland and the upper end of the trachea supplement the circulation to the cervical trachea. The wide anastomoses around the thoracic trachea, extra-pulmonary bronchi and the paracarinal nodes supplement the collateral circulation between the arteries of the upper thoracic trachea and the bronchial arteries.The clinical importances of the topographical characteristics, the course and distribution of the tracheal arteries were discussed.
ABSTRACT
The human bronchial arteries and their anastomoses with pulmonary vessels were studied on normal and diseased lungs in 30 adult and infant cadavers under a magnification of 3～40 times.The bronchial arteries pursue a tortuous serpentine course along the surface of the bronchi. They divide either before or after the bifurcation of the bronchi and often send two branches coursing along each bronchus with one branch on each side of the bronchial wall. These branches usually form a network in the fibrous coat of the bronchus. Smaller twigs penetrate the bronchial walls and form a similar network in the submucosa.Mediastinal pleural branches and interlobar pleural branches of the bronchial arteries have their subpleural, independent course from the bronchial tree and their larger caliber at peripheral sites.In the visceral pleura and on the surface of the bronchi or within the bronchial wall, there are precapillary anastomoses between the bronchial and pulmonary arteries, and between the bronchial artery and pulmonary veins. The anastomoses occur either end to end or end to side.In the pleural adhesions of 9 cases of the lungs, the newly developed pleural branches arising from the intercostal, the superior intercostal, the pericardiophrenie or the internal mammary artery, anastomose with the bronchial artery via pleural arterial network to reinforce the blood supply for the diseased pulmonary area.The important physiological function of the anastomoses between the bronchial arteries and pulmonary vessels, as well as the course and distribution of the bronchial arteries in the lungs were discussed.