ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate iodine nutritional status of pregnant women of Taizhou City,in order to provide a basis for assessment whether normal consumption of iodized salt is needed,to take complement iodine measure and to carry out monitoring of urinary iodine and thyroid function in pregnant women.Methods Early pregnancy (gestation ＜ 4 months),medium (4 to 7 months gestation) and late (pregnancy≥8 months) of each of more than 300 pregnant women were chosen from maternal and child health (hospital) and part of the township hospitals of Taizhou City (district) from September 2012 to December 2013.Based on the principle of informed consent,disposable urine and blood samples were collected,urine iodine and thyroid hormone [serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),three free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroid hormone (FT4)] were measured.Urinary iodine was measured using a urinary iodine rapid quantitative detection kit,thyroid function was measured by an electrochemical method.Use 95％ of the reference value range of thyroid function in pregnant women as the basis for evaluation of thyroid function in pregnant women.Results A total of 997 pregnant women were investigated,early stage,medium-term and late pregnancy women were 302,357 and 338,respectively.The median urinary iodine was 124,129,119 μg/L,pregnant women in late pregnancy had the lowest iodine urine.The median TSH of early stage,medium-term and late pregnancy women were 2.03,2.18,2.22 mU/L;the mean FT3 and FT4 of the three groups were (4.39 ± 0.66),(4.06 ± 0.61),(3.92 ± 0.61)pmol/L and (14.56 ± 2.56),(13.08 ± 2.03),(12.70 ± 2.38)pmol/L,respectively.The rate of abnormal thyroid function was 4.91％ (49/977),mainly in subhypothyroidism [48.98％ (24/49)].Conclusions Poor iodine-nutritional status exists in some pregnant women in Taizhou City.It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of pregnant women on iodine supplement knowledge in the future,and carry out routine monitoring of urinary iodine and thyroid function in early pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the characteristics and changes of Oncomdania snail distribution in regions with different epidemic types and degrees of Jiangsu Province,so as to provide the evidence for implementing the feasible schistosomiasis control strategy.Methods A retrespeetive survey was performed,and the 5-year database of snail status in Jiangsu Province was established based on the collected reports of snail habitat cards and schistosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2008.The changes of snail areas,infected snail aroas,infection rates of snails in different years were analyzed,and tIIe annual vailations of snail areas,infected snail areas and infection rates of snails in areas with different epidemic types and degrees were eomparedI Results The actual snail areas and infected snail areas decreased by 3 799.86 hm~2 and 2 006.35 hm~2.respectively in Jiangsu Province.2006-2008.with the annual meaan decreasing rates of 9.64% and 18.83%.Among them,the actual snail areas in marshland and lake regions,water net regions and mountainous regions decreased by 3 546.10.209.19 hm~2 and 44.57 hm~2,respectively,with the annual meall decreasing rates of 9.59%,10.29% and 11.18%,respectively.An area of 22.02 hm~2 of new snail habitatswas detected during the 5 years,and thewater net regions accounted for 89.24%.Theproportions of actual snail areas in historical snail ale,as were between 2.77% and 5.36%.Among them.the proportions of actual snail areas in historical accumulative snail area8 in transmission-uncontrolled.trailsmission-controlled and transmission-interrupted areas were 13.29%-22.82%,0.88%-3.54% and 0.14%-0.32%,respectively,and there were significant differences among them(P<0.01).The constituent ratios of the actual snail areaswere 93.79%-95.60%.3.67%-5.45% and 0.73%-1.01%, respectively in marshland and lake regions,water net regions and mountainous regions from 2004 to 2008.The infection rate of snails in Jiangsu Province reduced from 0.15% in 2004 to 0.02% in 2008,with a reduction rate of 85.50%(P<0.01).The constituent ratios of infected snail areas in transmission-uncontrolled, transmission-controlled and transmission-interrupted areas were 98.15%-100%,0-0.81%, and 0-1.43%,respectively.Conclusions As a whole,there is a decreasing tendency of snail areas and infected snail areas in Jiangsu Province.and the snail control has been consohdated step by step in transmission-interrupted areas.The effective control of snails in marshland and lake regions and infected snails in transmission-uncontrolled areas are the key points in the future schistosomiasis control of Jiangsu Province.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in source areas of the east route of Southto-North Warter Diversion Project and evaluate the effects of the snails on the safety of water transfer.Methods The investigation of snail distribution was carried out in the source areas of the east route of South-to-North Warter Diversion Project every spring.The method of the random sample combined with environmental sample was used for the field investigation.The beach land in the stilling pool of Jiangdu Pumping Station was selected as a surveillance site to observe the snail spread.Results The areas of the snail habitats and infected snails were 256.11,184.55,164.92,121.16 hm~2 and 8.27,1.0,1.0,0 hm~2 respectively in the source areas of the east route of South-to-North Wafter Diversion Project from 2006 to 2009.The densities of living snails had a downtrend,too.Google Earth showed that the areas of snail habitats distributed mainly in the Jiajiang River and Mangdao River in the source areas.The snail habitats were detected in the beach land in the stilling pool of Jiangdu Pumping Station.The research results showed that the snail spread related to the wastes from the river of drawing water.Conclusion There are the risks of snail spread in the source areas of the east route of South-to-North Wafter Diversion Project,so that the long-term surveillance and control on the snails is very necessary.