ABSTRACT
Objective:With the help of SWOT(S: internal strengths, W: internal weaknesses, O: external opportunities, T: external threats)analysis, to explore the internal and external conditions of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy applied to improve the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease, and to propose development strategies.Methods:SWOT analysis was used to analyze and sort out the internal strengths and internal weaknesses, external opportunities and external threats of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease.Results:The internal strengths of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease were significant therapeutic effect, strong operability and high cost-effectiveness. The internal weaknesses included excessive dependence on patients′ treatment enthusiasm, and a lack of psychological training among nurses. The external opportunities included demand support, technical support, and theoretical support. The external threats were the lack of large-scale empirical research and the risk of patient personal information leakage.Conclusions:In the clinical application of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy to improve the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease, both strengths and weaknesses coexist, and opportunities and threats coexist. Only by taking strengths of opportunities to overcome weaknesses, improve the autonomy and enthusiasm of patients in treatment, and increase the psychological training of medical staff, can internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy be further promoted in the clinical application of improving the negative emotions of patients with coronary heart disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of ANCA in the disease activity of patients with SLE.Methods A total of 1 025 SLE patients were recruited and were divided into inactive and active groups according to SLEDAI score.Demographic characteristics,clinical symptoms,autoantibodies,routine laboratory tests and renal pathology were also recorded and compared between the two groups.Results All patients were divided into inactive group(n = 750)and active group(n = 250).The occurrence of renal,pulmonary,cutaneous,arthritis manifestations were significantly higher than those of the inactive group(all P<0.05).All patients were tested for ANCA,and the most common pattern being perinuclear or p-ANCA,the percentage of p-ANCA seroposi-tive increased greatly with the increased disease activity(P<0.05).The autoantibodies were further analyzed between the two groups,25 patients had reactivity to MPO,but no patient had reactivity to PR3.Also,there were significant differences in anti-dsDNA antibody,anti-nucleosome antibody between the two groups(P<0.05).In the active group,patients with p-ANCA seropositive exhibited higher serum beta-2-microglobulin(β2-MG),titers of anti-dsDNA antibody,SLEDAI scores,lower albumin,C3,and C4 levels(P<0.05).Meanwhile,p-ANCA was associated with IL-6,which increased significantly with the increase of SLEDAI score.In addition,patients with p-ANCA seropositive had more occurrence of lupus nephritis,but it had no association with the renal pathology.Conclusion The appearance of p-ANCA in SLE patients indicated more severe disease activity status.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the clinical features of MDA5 antibody positive dermatomyositis (MDA5-DM) and to provide evidence for early diagnosis and treatment.Methods:From March 2019 to June 2021, 272 patients with anti-MDA5-DM from the Nanjing Medical University myositis-associated interstitial lung disease cohort were enrolled, with 76 patients with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) as the control group. The clinical characteristics and the occurrence of interstitial lung disease were analyzed. T-test was used for normally distributed and variance-homogeneous independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data, and chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test for dichotomous variables. Results:Among the 272 anti-MDA5-DM patients, 88.6% (241/272) developed interstitial lung disease (ILD), and 33.8% (92/272) developed rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD). The six-month all-cause mortality rate of anti-MDA5-DM patients was 16.9% (46/272), and it was as high as 47.8% (44/92) for those with RP-ILD. Compared with ASS patients, anti-MDA5-DM patients had a significantly higher proportion of males, arthritis, Gottron's sign, heliotrope rash, V-sign, periungual erythema, and skin ulcers ( P<0.05). The levels of ALT, AST, and ferritin were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with non-RP-ILD patients, RP-ILD patients had a significantly higher proportion of males [35.9%(33/92) vs. 23.3%(42/180), χ2=4.79, P=0.029], higher levels of LDH [387 (276, 547) U/L vs. 310 (245, 400) U/L, Z=-3.67, P<0.001], ESR [45.5 (29.25, 63.25) mm/1 h vs. 31.2 (20, 51) mm/1 h, Z=-3.71, P<0.001], CRP [10.9 (4.1, 25.2) mg/L vs. 4.54 (2.58, 9.08) mg/L, Z=-4.97, P<0.001], ferritin [1 340 (650, 2 000) ng/ml vs. 556 (203, 1 186) ng/ml, Z=-4.40, P<0.001], and a higher proportion of anti-Ro52 antibody and anti-MDA5 antibody co-positivity [87.0%(80/92) vs. 52.2%(94/180), χ2=31.87, P<0.001]. Conclusion:Anti-MDA5-DM patients are prone to develop RP-ILD and have poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension(GIOH)is a condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure caused by glucocorticoids. The long-term presence of GIOH may lead to optic nerve damage and visual field defects, eventually progressing to glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma(GIG), which can potentially cause blindness. Glucocorticoids primarily exert their biological effects by mediating glucocorticoid receptor(GR), while also involving factors such as transforming growth factor(TGF)-β, Wnt, and Rho in the formation of GIOH. In-depth exploration of the pathological changes and related molecular mechanisms of the trabecular meshwork in GIOH provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of GIOH. Therefore, this article provides a review of the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of the trabecular meshwork in GIOH, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further research on the pathological mechanisms and treatment of GIOH.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative diagnostic value of transvaginal contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for benign and malignant adnexal masses.Methods:Forty-nine patients with adnexal masses detected by routine ultrasound examination at Wenzhou People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were included in this study. Initially, transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound, two-dimensional ultrasound integrated with color Doppler, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were used to accurately classify the masses as benign or malignant. Using postoperative pathology as the gold standard, the qualitative diagnostic accuracy of various detection methods was compared. Subsequently, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the quantitative diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal contrast-enhanced ultrasonography-related parameters in distinguishing between benign and malignant adnexal masses.Results:Among the 49 patients, 10 were diagnosed with malignant tumors. The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was 93.88% (46/49), with a sensitivity of 90.00% (9/10), a specificity of 94.87% (37/39), a positive predictive value of 81.82% (9/11), and a negative predictive value of 97.37% (37/38). The results of the diagnostic difference assessment (McNemar test) revealed that there was no significant difference between two-dimensional ultrasound ( χ2 = 0.37, P = 0.546), two-dimensional ultrasound combined with color Doppler ( χ2 = 0.17, P = 0.683), and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography ( χ2 = 0.00, P = 1.000), and the gold standard test results. The consistency assessment (Kappa test) revealed that the diagnostic results of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography exhibited the highest concordance with the gold standard, with a Kappa value of 0.82 ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the initial increase time, peak intensity, and mean transit time in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography demonstrated high quantitative diagnostic accuracy. The areas under the curve were 0.83, 0.82, and 0.84, respectively, and the diagnostic cutoff values were 17.30 s, 21.65 dB, and 92.60 seconds, respectively. Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography exhibits diagnostic value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant adnexal masses, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This method can provide valuable insights for further treatment.
ABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)poses a serious threat to human health and carries a heavy burden of disease.The disease burden mainly includes traditional epidemiological indicators such as morbidity,disability rate,and mortality rate,as well as economic burden evaluation indicators such as direct economic burden,indirect economic burden,and intangible economic burden,as well as social/health burden evaluation indicators such as potential years of life reduction,disability adjusted life years,and quality adjusted life years.It summarized the existing methods for evaluating the burden of COPD diseases and proposed the following suggestions:(1)enriching economic burden research methods to comprehensively and accurately evaluate direct economic burden;(2)expanding the scope of economic burden research and improve the economic burden research of COPD;(3)strengthening information management and enhance the accuracy of disease burden data;(4)exploring multidimensional indicators and establish a COPD disease burden evaluation system;(5)strengthening relevant research and highlight the health economics advantages of traditional Chinese medicine intervention in COPD.It can provide references for establishing a COPD disease burden evaluation system and policy formulation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To establish HPLC fingerprint of Portulaca oleracea， establish quantitative analysis of multi- components by single-marker （QAMS） method for the content determination of caffeic acid， ferulic acid， genistin and quercetin， and provide reference for quality control of the medicine. METHODS The determination was performed on Eclipse XDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 25 °C， and detection wavelength was set at 360 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprint of P. oleracea was established according to the above chromatographic conditions. Cluster analysis （CA） and principal component analysis （PCA） were performed for 15 batches of specimens. Using caffeic acid as internal standard， relative correction factors of other three components were calculated by QAMS， and then the component content was calculated on the basis of relative correction factors， which was compared with the external standard method. RESULTS HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of P. oleracea were calibrated with a total of 17 common peaks， and 4 components （caffeic acid， ferulic acid， genistin， quercetin） were identified； the similarities of 15 batches of samples were greater than 0.890. The results of CA showed that S1-S10 were clustered into one category， and S11-S15 were clustered into one category. The results of PCA revealed that the accumulative contribution rate of the two main components was 92.502%， and the classification results were basically consistent with CA. The linear range of caffeic acid， ferulic acid， genistin and quercetin were 0.003 1-0.157 1， 0.003 6-0.181 7， 0.008 5-0.425 6，0.000 4-0.021 8 mg/mL （R2≥0.999 7）； the results of precision， repeatability， stability （24 h） and recovery tests all complied with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The relative correction factors of ferulic acid， genistin and quercetin calculated by QAMS were 1.534， 5.302 and 0.174； there was no significant difference in the contents of components measured between this method and the external standard method. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS can be used for the quality control of multiple index components in P. oleracea. The origin has a certain influence on the quality of P. oleracea， and the quality of P. oleracea produced in Sichuan is better than that produced in Anhui and Hebei.
ABSTRACT
After systematically reviewing the syndrome distribution， evolution， diagnostic criteria， effectiveness evaluation and genomics study on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） in the past decade， we found that there are problems such as inconsistency in the nomenclature of syndrome， lack of quantitative diagnostic tools for syndrome， less developed evaluation tools for syndrome efficacy， and singularity of genomics technique. Based on this， it was proposed that we should pay attention to the standardisation of syndrome naming， strengthen the research on quantitative diagnostic methods， establish standardised and quantitative diagnostic tools， further improve the existing assessment tools of syndrome effectiveness， and integrate the existing genomics techniques to conduct research， so as to support the further research on AECOPD syndromes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the detection results and distribution characteristics of serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin(Ig)E in patients with type Ⅰ allergic diseases(hereinafter referred as allergic disea-ses)in Chengdu area,and to provide epidemiological data and diagnostic basis for the prevention and treat-ment of allergic diseases.Methods A total of 19 744 patients diagnosed with allergen-specific IgE antibody screening in Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences·Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2018 to December 2022 were included in this study.The serum level of allergen-specific IgE antibody was de-tected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent rapid test strip technology.According to different age,gender,season and disease groups,the positive results of specific allergens were counted,and the distribution characteristics and rules of specific allergens were analyzed.Results Among the 19 744 patients with allergic diseases,8 406 were positive for allergen-specific IgE,and the positive rate was 42.57%.The main inhaled allergens were house dust mites(15.17%),house dust(10.86%)and cat dander(4.04%).Milk(2.26%),beef(1.68%)and egg white(0.86%)were the main food allergens.The positive rate of inhaled allergens was higher than that of food allergens(P<0.05).The positive rate of male was higher than that of female(P<0.05).The positive rate of allergens in patients aged 10-<18 years was the highest,and the main allergens were house dust mites,house dust and cat dander.The positive rate of allergens was the highest in autumn,followed by spring and winter,and the lowest in summer.The main allergens were house dust mites,house dust and cat dander.The positive rates of allergens in different types of allergic diseases were as follows:allergic rhinitis>allergic asthma>eczema>others>allergic purpura>urticaria.There were significant differences in all aller-gens except cod,crab,mango and peanut among different diseases(P<0.05).Conclusion The characteristics of patients with allergic disease in Chengdu area are as follows:inhaled allergens are the main allergens;males have a higher allerger positive rate;the majority of patients were 10-<18 years old;patients are prone to dis-ease in autumn;allergic rhinitis was the most common.This can provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in this area.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Poria and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma for the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.Methods:TCMSP database was applied to get the active components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Poria and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and SwissTargetPrediction database was applied to predict their targets; OMIM, DrugBank, TTD, PharmGKB and GeneCards databases were used to obtain the disease targets of ulcerative colitis; Venn Diagram website was used to draw the venn diagrams of drug-disease intersecting targets; drug-component-target network diagrams were created in Cytoscape 3.8.2, and the targets and active components with high correlation in the network were analyzed; protein interaction networks of intersecting targets were constructed using the String platform, and the NetworkAnalyzer plug-in in Cytoscape 3.8.2 was applied to Topology analysis and screening of core targets were performed using the Metascape platform; GO and KEGG analysis were performed using the Metascape platform; molecular docking validation was performed using vina inside pyrx software.Results:A total of 14 active components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Poria and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were screened, and the core components were kaempferol, stigmasterol, hederagenin, α-amyrin; 148 drug targets, 1 307 disease targets and 50 drug-disease intersection targets were obtained; there were 23 core points such as ESR1, PTPN2, PIK3R1, SRC, EGFR, and AKT1. The results of GO analysis indicated that the targets were mainly located in the cell membrane region and were involved in the regulation of biological functions such as monooxygenase and oxidoreductase activities, as well as the regulation of hormones and lipids, etc. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the main enrichment pathways were PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT and MAPK signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the main components, kaempferol and serpentine, could bind stably to several core targets such as PIK3R1 and ESR1. Relevant literature has verified the pharmacological action of each core component.Conclusions:Kaempferol, hederagenin and α-amyrin are the active components of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Poria and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. They play therapeutic roles in improving immune dysregulation, reducing inflammatory response, inhibiting epithelial cell apoptosis and repairing mucosal damage by regulating targets such as PIK3R1, PTPN2 and ESR1, and modulating PI3K-Akt pathway, JAK-STAT pathway and MAPK pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To discuss the molecular association pattern of Shenling Baizhu Powder for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and ulcerative colitis through network pharmacology method based on the theory of "treating different diseases with same method" in TCM.Methods:The TCMSP and ETCM Chinese medicine chemical composition databases were used to obtain the chemical composition and predict the targets of Shenling Baizhu Powder. The OMIM, GeneCards, DrugBank and TTD disease databases were used to obtain the disease targets of T2DM and ulcerative colitis. The intersection targets of chemical composition of Shenling Baizhu Powder, T2DM and ulcerative colitis were obtained by Bioinformatics platform. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to map the "Chinese materia medica-component-target" network and "effective component- intersection target" network. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the intersection targets were performed with the STRING platform. The intersection target protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database, and core targets were obtained using the CytoNCA plugin of Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. AutodockTools software was applied to validate the molecular docking between the core chemical components and the core targets of Shenling Baizhu Powder.Results:Totally 176 chemical components of Shenling Baizhu Powder, 226 corresponding targets, 11 478 T2DM targets, 4 857 Ulcerative targets of ulcerative colitis, and 162 intersection targets of medicinal chemistry components and diseases were obtained. 1 789 related biological processes, 163 molecular functions, 92 cell constituents, and 192 signaling pathways were obtained by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. The signaling pathways were mainly about AGE-RAGE, TNF, IL-17,MAPK, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, etc. The core components of Shenling Baizhu Powder were mainly sitosterol, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, beta-carotene, etc. The core targets were EGFR, ALB, IL1B, CASP3, ESR1, VEGFA, PTGS2, TNF, IL6, MYC, AKT 1, JUN, TP53, etc. The core chemical components had tight correlation with the core targets by the molecular docking.Conclusions:By acting on core targets such as TNF, IL1B, IL6, AKT1, VRGFA, PTGS2, MYC, JUN, TP53, and regulating IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, etc., Shenling Baizhu Powder improves tissue inflammation damage, mucosal barrier damage, immune regulation imbalance, intestinal flora dysbiosis, insulin resistance, apoptosis, oxidative stress and other biological processes. Therefore Shenling Baizhu Powder can treat T2DM and ulcerative colitis with the same method.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of galectin-1 preconditioning on pyroptosis of venti-lator-induced lung injury(VILI)in mice.Methods Thirty clean grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 22-30 g,were divided into three groups by random number table method:control group(group C),VILI group(group V),and galectin-1+VILI group(group G),10 mice in each group.After endotracheal intubation,group C kept spontaneous breathing for 4 hours,groups V and G kept me-chanical ventilation for 4 hours.One hour before endotracheal intubation,groups C and V were intraperito-neally injected with normal saline 0.75 ml,and group G was intraperitoneally injected with galectin-1 3 μg.Arterial blood was collected before endotracheal intubation and after spontaneous respiration or ventilation to detect PaO2.Then mice were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was collected.Concentra-tions of IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF were detected by ELISA.Lung tissue was collected for determination of the wet weight/dry weight ratio(W/D).The expression of GSDMD,caspase-1,and caspase-11 mRNA and protein in lung tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Pathological changes of the lungs were observed and scored by HE staining.Results Compared with group C,PaO2 were significantly decreased,W/D,concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF,mRNA and protein expressions of GSDMD,caspase-1 and caspase-11,and lung injury score were significantly increased in groups V and G(P＜0.05).Com-pared with group V,PaO2 was significantly increased,W/D,concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF,mRNA and protein expressions of GSDMD,caspase-1,and caspase-11,and lung injury score were signifi-cantly decreased in group G(P＜0.05).Conclusion Galectin-1 can increase PaO2 in mice and reduce IL-1β and IL-18 concentration,mRNA expression and protein content of classical non-classical pyroptosis pathway related genes,and reduce VILI in mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the distribution of common syndromes in sepsis based on literature data mining.Methods The literature related to sepsis symptoms analysis included in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),VIP database(VIP)and Wanfang Data were searched by computer to extract relevant information and establish a database.Analysis of common syndromes and symptoms of sepsis by frequency statistics.Based on LTM-EAST algorithm of two-step hidden tree analysis,a symptom hidden structure model with frequency≥10 was constructed by Latern 5.0 software,and potential syndromes were inferred through comprehensive clustering.Symptoms with frequency＞5%were selected for factor analysis,common factors were extracted for further systematic cluster analysis,and potential syndromes were inferred according to the results.Based on the above results,the common syndromes and clinical characteristics of sepsis were analyzed.Results A total of 792 literatures and 961 syndromes records and 877 symptoms records were included,involving 48 syndromes after the regulation,with high frequency of pattern of blood stasis,pattern of yangming fu-organ excess,pattern of internal block of the heart orifices due to phlegm and heat,pattern of yang prostration,etc.The frequencies were 12.70%(122/961),9.68%(93/961),9.47%(91/961)and 7.80%(75/961).It involved 179 symptoms after the regulation,including high fever,red tongue,thirst,dysphoria,etc.The frequencies were 27.82%(244/877),27.36%(240/877),27.25%(239/877),25.54%(244/877).Forty-three hidden variables were obtained through implicit structure analysis,according to professional knowledge,12 potential syndromes were obtained by comprehensive clustering,including pattern of blood stasis,pattern of yangming fu-organ excess,pattern of phlegm and heat congesting in the lung,pattern of fire toxin entering the nutrient phase,pattern of Yin deficiency with exuberant heat,pattern of Yang prostration,pattern of Qi deficiency,pattern of Yang deficiency,pattern of turbid phlegm obstructing the lung,pattern of damp-heat encumbering the spleen,pattern of intense exuberant heat toxin,pattern of pathogenic factors repressing defensive Qi of lung.Twenty-five common factors were obtained by factor analysis,and 12 potential syndromes were inferred by systematic clustering,including pattern of heart-Yang deficiency,pattern of phlegm and heat congesting in the lung,pattern of yangming fu-organ excess,pattern of Yang prostration,pattern of intense exuberant heat toxin,pattern of Yang deficiency in spleen and kidney,pattern of Qi deficiency,pattern of phlegm and heat damaging Yin,pattern of Qi deficiency with blood stasis,pattern of Qi and Yin deficiency,pattern of pathogenic factors repressing defensive Qi of lung,and pattern of heat sinking into the pericardium.According to the standard of common traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and their symptom characteristics,9 common syndromes of sepsis were finally obtained,including pattern of intense exuberant heat toxin,blood stasis,pattern of yangming fu-organ excess,pattern of phlegm and heat congesting in the lung,pattern of fire toxin entering,pattern of pathogenic factors repressing defensive Qi of lung,pattern of Qi and Yin deficiency,pattern of Qi deficiency,pattern of Yang prostration.Conclusion The symptoms and characteristics of common syndromes of sepsis are significant,which can provide evidence for the syndrome diagnosis standard of sepsis.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on the expression of airway mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in mice with endotoxin-induced lung injury.Methods:Thirty-six healthy male SPF C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), endotoxin-induced lung injury group (group L), and endotoxin-induced lung injury+ sitagliptin group (group S). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 mg/kg was intratracheally infused to prepare endotoxin-induced lung injury model in L and S groups, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. Sitagliptin 100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before LPS infusion in group S, and normal saline was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before endotracheal infusion in C and L groups. The arterial blood samples from femoral artery were taken at 24 h of LPS or normal saline infusion for measurement of PaO 2 and glucose levels.The mice were then sacrificed, and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected for determination of the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)in serum and BALF (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), expression of MUC5AC (by immunohistochemistry and immunohistochemical comprehensive score), and expression of MUC5AC mRNA in lung tissues (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and for examination of the pathological changes of lung tissues (using haematoxylin and eosin staining) which were scored. Results:Compared with group C, PaO 2 was significantly decreased, the glucose levels, W/D ratio and lung injury score were increased, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and BALF were increased, and the expression of MUC5AC mRNA in lung tissues was up-regulated in L and S groups( P<0.05). Compared with group L, PaO 2 was significantly increased, the glucose levels, W/D ratio and lung injury score were decreased, the concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and BALF were decreased, and the expression of MUC5AC mRNA in lung tissues was down-regulated in group S( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which sitagliptin alleviates endotoxin-induced lung injury is related to down-regulation of MUC5AC expression in mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the nutritional efficacy of compound protein powder formulations from different sources. Methods Three groups of compound protein powder formulations were obtained through scientific blending using soy protein, whey protein and yeast protein as raw materials. The effects of the compound protein powders on nitrogen metabolism, serum biochemical indicators, and pathological changes of liver tissue and epididymal fat in rats were evaluated. Results Compared with the control (casein), the net protein utilization, biological evaluation, and protein efficacy ratio of the compound protein powders in rats were significantly improved, and the changes in these indicators in the formula with the highest whey protein content were most significant among all three formulas. The compound protein powders effectively increased the levels of albumin and globulin, while decreased the content of total cholesterol, indicating beneficial effects on improving immunity and controlling lipid metabolism, with the formula group 2 being the most effective among all three groups. The pathological examination showed that the three groups of protein powder did not have adverse effects on liver tissue and epididymal fat. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that the compound protein powder formulation has nutritional value, which suggests a potential of the application of the compound protein powder formulation in the elderly, and people with special nutritional needs, such as sports people.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the association between ZJU index and the onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in the Uygur population and the value of ZJU index in predicting the risk of NAFLD. MethodsThe Uighur community of The 51st Regiment of The Third Division of Xinjiang Kashgar Corps was selected as the investigation site， and the Uygur residents who lived in this area and had an age of >18 years were selected as subjects. Follow-up studies were conducted in 2019， 2020， and 2021， and the investigation of outcomes was completed in June to August of 2021. Finally 10 597 subjects were enrolled for analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous variables between groups， and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables between groups. The subjects were divided into Q1-Q4 groups according to the level of ZJU index. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to predict the incidence rate of NAFLD， and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the association between ZJU index and the risk of NAFLD； the area under the ROC curve （AUC） was used to evaluate the value of ZJU index in predicting the risk of NAFLD. ResultsDuring the median follow-up time of 4.92 years， the incidence rate of NAFLD was 9.4% （992/10 597） among the study population. After adjustment for multiple factors， there was a significant increase in the risk of NAFLD with the increase in ZJU index， with a hazard ratio of 2.55 （95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.60 — 4.06）， 7.32 （95%CI： 4.78 — 11.20）， and 21.74 （95%CI： 14.32 — 33.00）， respectively （all Ptrend<0.001）. The ROC curve showed that ZJU index had a higher value in predicting NAFLD （AUC=0.816）， and the male subgroup had a significantly higher predictive accuracy of ZJU index than the female subgroup （AUC： 0.829 vs 0.809）. ConclusionZJU index is a predictive factor for the onset of NAFLD in the Uygur population in rural areas of Xinjiang and has a good value in predicting the risk of NAFLD.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Polygalae Radix - Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma medicinal pair for depression and Alzheimer disease (AD) with the same treatment through network pharmacology. Methods:Effective components of Polygalae Radix - Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma medicinal pair were retrieved from TCMSP, TCMID and ETCM databases. The disease targets of depression and AD were retrieved from GeneCards, TTD and CTD databases. Targets of action of drugs on active components were predicted through SwissTargetPrediction, and then the intersection targets of medicinal pair and the diseases were taken. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to construct the interaction network of Polygalae Radix - Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma medicinal pair on "component-common target-disease". The enrichment analysis of GO function and KEGG pathway was carried out with the help of Metascape platform, and molecular docking verification was carried out. Results:Through searching the databases and literature, 78 compounds in Polygalae Radix - Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma medicinal pair were obtained, corresponding to 41 targets of different diseases with the same treatment. The GO function was mainly concentrated in response to lipopolysaccharide and cellular response to nitrogen compound. The KEGG pathway was mainly concentrated in lipid and atherosclerosis, calcium signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse, insulin resistance and so on. The core targets were PTGS2, ESR2, etc. Molecular docking showed that most of the core components could form stable conformation with the core targets. Conclusions:Polygalae Radix - Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma medicinal pair has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway in the same treatment of depression and AD. Through their core components of senegenin, 1-carbobutoxy-β-carboline, 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,7-tetramethoxyxanthone, kaempferol and etc., the pair can act on PTGS2 and other targets, regulate lipid and atherosclerosis, calcium signaling pathway, serotonergic synapse, insulin resistance and so on, and play a therapeutic role in depression and Alzheimer's disease with the same treatment.
ABSTRACT
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial pneumonia with unknown causes. The incidence rate increases year by year and the prognosis is poor without cure. Recently, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) signaling pathway can be considered as a master regulator for IPF. The contribution of the PI3K/AKT in fibrotic processes is increasingly prominent, with PI3K/AKT inhibitors currently under clinical evaluation in IPF. Therefore, PI3K/AKT represents a critical signaling node during fibrogenesis with potential implications for the development of novel anti-fibrotic strategies. This review epitomizes the progress that is being made in understanding the complex interpretation of the cause of IPF, and demonstrates that PI3K/AKT can directly participate to the greatest extent in the formation of IPF or cooperate with other pathways to promote the development of fibrosis. We further summarize promising PI3K/AKT inhibitors with IPF treatment benefits, including inhibitors in clinical trials and pre-clinical studies and natural products, and discuss how these inhibitors mitigate fibrotic progression to explore possible potential agents, which will help to develop effective treatment strategies for IPF in the near future.
ABSTRACT
The immune mechanism of non-IgE-mediated food allergy is quite complex.Due to the lack of specific laboratory indicators and limited diagnosis and treatment methods, non-IgE-mediated food allergy is usually misdiagnosed.Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and search for specific biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.This review aims to summarize current research results on the immune mechanism of non-IgE-mediated food allergy from two aspects, including the specific immunity and innate immunity, and to explore the potential diagnostic markers.The results may provide novel ideas for effective therapeutic strategies of non-IgE-mediated food allergy.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the influence of flipped classroom combined with case-based learning (CBL) teaching mode on teaching effect of X-ray cephalometric analysis in orthodontic experimental class.Methods:In the study, 70 undergraduates majoring in stomatology were selected as research objects and randomized into teaching reform group and traditional group in average. Flipped classroom combined with CBL teaching mode was adopted in teaching reform group, while traditional group adopted traditional teaching mode. Questionnaire was used to investigate the students' evaluation on the two teaching modes, and the accuracy of the measurement of X-ray cephalometrics of the two groups was compared and analyzed respectively. GraphPad Prism 7.03 software was used to perform t test and chi-square test. Results:Teaching reform group believed that this kind of teaching mode could improve the ability of self-study, communication coordination ability, independent problem solving ability, and logic and language expression ability, deepen the understanding of the project connotation, and apply the X-ray cephalometrics to the actual clinical case analysis and diagnosis. Compared with the traditional group, there were significant differences ( P<0.05). In the accuracy evaluation of measurement values, the absolute values of 70% measurement items in teaching reform group were higher than those in the traditional group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Only in bone type Ⅲ malocclusion, the absolute values of Y-axis angle and FMA were lower than those of the traditional group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Flipped classroom combined with CBL teaching mode can help students improve self-study ability, communication cooperation ability and the ability of solving problem independently and clinical application. However, the accuracy evaluation of measurement values in teaching reform group were lower than that of the traditional group, indicating that this teaching method in the experimental teaching of X-ray cephalometric analysis needs to be further improved.