Association between preoperative serum β 2-microglobulin concentrations and postoperative delirium in elderly patients / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the association between preoperative serum β 2-microglobulin (β 2MG) concentrations and postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients. Methods:The study selected patients who underwent knee or hip arthroplasty under spinal-epidural anesthesia on an elective basis at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from May 2021 to November 2022. The patients were divided into a POD group and a non-POD group based on the occurrence of POD. The study was conducted as part of the Perioperative Neurocognitive Impairment and Biomarkers Lifestyle Cohort, which was a nested case-control study. The study collected baseline data from two groups of patients and analyzed the differences between them. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for POD. The stability of the regression model was tested using sensitivity analysis. The mediation model was used to examine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers mediated the relationship between β 2MG and POD. The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative β 2MG concentrations and CSF biomarker concentration in predicting POD. Results:There were 57 cases in POD group and 449 cases in non-POD group. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the increased β 2MG and CSF total tau protein (t-tau) concentrations were risk factors for POD, and the increased CSF β-amyloid 42 concentration was a protective factor for POD after adjustment for multiple confounders such as age, gender, education, Mini-Mental State Examination, history of hypertension and infusion volume ( P<0.05). The results of mediation analysis showed that the serum β 2MG′s effect on POD was partly mediated by t-tau (18.1%). The results of the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve of the β 2MG concentration combined with the CSF biomarker concentration was 0.742. Conclusions:Elevated preoperative serum β 2MG concentration is a risk factor for POD in elderly patients, and the relationship may be partly mediated by CSF t-tau.

Developmental effects of TCIPP and TnBP on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the toxicity of tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tributyl phosphate (TnBP) on the growth and development of zebrafish embryos, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms at the transcriptional level. Methods: With zebrafish as a model, two hpf zebrafish embryos were exposed to TCIPP and TnBP (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1 000 μmol/L) using the semi-static method, and their rates of lethality and hatchability were determined. The transcriptome changes of 120 hpf juvenile zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μmol/L were measured. Results: The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of TCIPP and TnBP for zebrafish embryos were 155.30 and 27.62 μmol/L (96 hpf), 156.5 and 26.05 μmol/L (120 hpf), respectively. The 72 hpf hatching rates of TCIPP (100 μmol/L) and TnBP (10 μmol/L) were (23.33±7.72)% and (91.67±2.97)%, which were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that TnBP had more differential genes (DEGs) than TCIPP, with a dose-response relationship. These DEGs were enriched in 32 pathways in total, including those involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nuclear receptor-related pathways, using the IPA pathway analysis. Among them, three enriched pathways overlapped between TCIPP and TnBP, including TR/RXR activation and CAR/RXR activation. Additionally, DEGs were also mapped onto pathways of LXR/RXR activation and oxidative stress for TnBP exposure only. Conclusion: Both TCIPP and TnBP have growth and developmental toxicities in zebrafish embryos, with distinct biomolecular mechanisms, and TnBP has a stronger effect than TCIPP.

The application prospects and challenges of artificial intelligence in interventional radiology / 介入放射学杂志

With the gradual deepening of artificial intelligence(AI)research in the medical field,the workflow of interventional diagnosis and treatment will be greatly changed.This paper aims to make a detailed introduction about the application of AI in interventional diagnosis and treatment,focusing on the use of predictive model for the screening of high-risk patients,the selection of treatment options,the use of augmented reality(AR)technology for improving surgical treatment,the training of young physicians,etc.Besides,the difficulties and challenges currently encountered in the clinical practice of AI are also discussed.(J Intervent Radiol,2023,32:1251-1255)

Rationality of pancreatic neck linear stapler closure combined with continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunal anastomosis technology based on the mechanism of pancreatic intestinal anastomosis complications / 国际外科学杂志

Pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is an important component of pancreatic surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy. It is not only a technical difficulty, but also a common site for serious complications such as postoperative pancreatic fistula. In order to better adapt to the new requirements of the laparoscopic era, simplify PJ, and improve its quality, the author′s team innovatively applied the pancreatic neck linear stapler closure technology to pancreatic transection, and applied continuous single-layer suture technology to PJ, achieving satisfactory initial results. This article proposes the technical details of high-quality PJ by analyzing its common complications and their mechanisms, and elaborates on the rationality of pancreatic neck linear stapler closure combined with continuous single-layer PJ.

Classification of main pancreatic duct and treatment strategy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the classification of main pancreatic duct and treatment strategy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD).Methods:The records of 51 consecutive patients with LPD who were treated by linear staple closure technique of pancreatic neck from February to December 2022 from Binzhou Second People′s Hospital, Shijingshan Campus, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Rizhao Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic-Splenic Surgery Research Institute, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Shandong Juxian People′s Hospital, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Binzhou Central Hospital, and Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University were retrospectively reviewed. According to the visibility, position and diameter of the main pancreatic duct at the stump of the pancreas, the type of main pancreatic duct was divided into type I, type Ⅱ, type Ⅲa and type Ⅲb. The number of cases in each main pancreatic duct classification and the corresponding treatment strategies were examined.Results:A total of 51 cases of LPD were successfully completed. Of these patients, the males comprised 56.9%(29/51), and females comprised 43.1%(22/51), with age ranging from 31 to 88 years old. The type of the main pancreatic duct at the stump of the pancreas included 7 cases (13.7%) of type Ⅰ, 39 cases (76.5%) of type Ⅱ, 2 cases (3.9%) of type Ⅲa, and 3 cases (5.9%) of type Ⅲb. Corresponding treatment strategies were adopted according to different main pancreatic duct types, the main pancreatic duct was successfully found, and a support drainage tube was inserted.Conclusion:After linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck, corresponding treatment strategies should be adopted according to the classification of the main pancreatic duct, which would help to improve the success rate of finding the main pancreatic duct and placing a support drainage tube.

Use of primary continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic remnants in pancreaticoduodenectomy / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the use of primary continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods:The clinical data of 21 patients who were treated with primary continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck in PD at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated, West Campus, Capital Medical University, Rizhao Hepatobiliary-pancreatic-splenic Surgery Research Institute, Binzhou Second People’s Hospital, Chaoyang Central Hospital from February 2022 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 9 females, with ages ranging from 31.0 to 82.0 years (median age 63.0 years). The success rates of linear stapling at pancreatic neck, time of pancreaticojejunostomy, postoperative complications, pancreatic fistula risk score, and length of hospital stay were studied.Results:Among the 21 patients, there were 3 patients who underwent open PD and 18 patients who underwent laparoscopic PD. Primary continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of pancreatic neck was successfully carried out in all these patients. The success rate was 100.0%. The success rate of finding pancreatic ducts at the pancreatic stumps and inserting an drainage tube was 100.0%(21/21). In the 3 patients who underwent open PD, the operation time were 230.0, 245.0 and 250.0 minutes respectively. The time for completing pancreaticojejunostomy were 12.0, 13.0 and 12.0 minutes respectively. The estimated blood loss were 300.0, 450.0 and 600.0 ml respectively. The length of hospital stay were 14.0, 15.0 and 21.0 days. In the 18 patients who underwent laparoscopic PD, the operation time was (295.9±14.5) min, the time for constructing pancreaticojejunostomy was (22.3±1.5) min, the blood loss was (180.0±40.0) ml, the length of hospital stay ranging from 8.0 to 16.0 days (median 10.5 days). Among all the 21 patients, the pancreatic fistula risk score was (4.7±1.5). Postoperative acute pancreatitis occurred in 3 patients (14.3%), delayed gastric emptying occurred in 4 patients (19.0%), and all of them recovered after conservative treatment. There was no postoperative bleeding, nosocomial infection, grade B and C postoperative pancreatic fistula or perioperative death.Conclusion:The continuous single-layer pancreaticojejunostomy after linear stapler closure of the pancreatic neck was safe, reliable, simple and technically easy. It has the potential to prevent clinical postoperative pancreatic fistula and pancreaticojejunostomy bleeding. It is worth to popularize this surgical procedure.

Portal vein-superior mesenteric vein resection and reconstruction during pancreaticoduodenectomy using the perivenous occlusion management strategy / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To explore the perivenous blocking management strategy for portal vein-superior mesenteric vein (PSMV) resection and reconstruction and its effect on postoperative complications in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods:The data of 137 patients with pancreatic cancer treated with PD in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Chaoyang Central Hospital, the Second Hospital of Chaoyang, Rizhao Central Hospital, the Second People's Hospital of Binzhou from January 2010 to December 2020 were collected. There were 83 males and 54 females with an average age of 61.8 years. There were 42 patients in the reconstruction group and 95 patients in the control group. The main intraoperative indexes and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups with the aim to review our experience in PSMV resection and reconstruction by using the perivenous blocking management strategy.Results:PD was successfully completed in 137 patients in the reconstruction group, the PSMV blocking time was 15-120 min, with a median of 30 min. The operation time 380 (330, 465) min, intraoperative blood loss 725 (500, 1000) ml, and postoperative hospital stay 21.0 (16.0, 28.0) d in the reconstruction group were significantly higher than those of control group [305 (280, 340) min, 400 (300, 500) ml and 18.0 (14.0, 24.5) d] (all P<0.05). The reoperation rate and perioperative mortality were 4.8% (2/42) and 2.4% (1/42) in the reconstruction group, while 2.1% (2/95) and 1.0% (1/95) in the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (both P>0.05). The incidence of pancreatic fistula, peritoneal effusion and infection, pulmonary infection of the reconstruction group was significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding, delayed gastric emptying, biliary fistula, incision infection, reoperation between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:PSMV resection and reconstruction significantly increased the incidences of complication after PD, including pancreatic fistula, peritoneal effusion/infection and pulmonary infection. The perivenous blocking management strategy significantly promoted smooth postoperative recovery and effectively reduced morbidity rates of postoperative bleeding and mortality after PSMV resection and reconstruction in PD.

Impact of Roux-en-Y reconstruction with isolated pancreatic drainage on delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the impact of Roux-en-Y reconstruction with isolated pancreatic drainage (RYR) on delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods:The data of 203 patients who underwent PD at 5 clinical centers from January 2014 to June 2020 were collected. According to the method of reconstruction of the digestive tract, the patients were divided into the RYR group ( n=88) and the conventional loop reconstruction (CLR) group ( n=115). The incidence and severity of DGE were compared between groups. The risk factors of clinically relevant DGE (CR-DGE) after PD were analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results:Of 203 patients, there were 124 males and 79 females, aged (61.6±10.2) years. The overall incidence of DEG was 27.6% (56/203). The incidence of CR-DGE in the RYR group was significantly lower than that in the CLR group [13.6%(12/88) vs 26.1%(30/115), P=0.030]. Patient age of more than 65 years ( OR=2.966, 95% CI: 1.162-8.842, P=0.024), clinically relevant pancreatic fistula ( OR=3.041, 95% CI: 1.122-8.238, P=0.029), ascites and abdominal infection ( OR=10.000, 95% CI: 2.552-39.184, P=0.001), and CLR ( OR=3.206, 95% CI: 1.162-8.842, P=0.024) were identified as independent risk factors for CR-DGE. The duration of hospitalization and hospital expenditure of patients were significantly increased in the CR-DGE group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients over 65 years with clinically relevant pancreatic fistula, with ascites or abdominal infection after operation, had a higher evidence of CR-DGE. Roux-en-Y reconstruction with isolated pancreatic could helped to decrease the incidence of CR-DGE after PD.

PTCD combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and primary duct closure in treating patients presenting with acute cholangitis due to common bile duct stones / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the results of using a sequential menagement of conservative treatment, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD), laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE) and primary duce closure(PDC) in patients with cholecystolithiasis and common bile duct stone(CBDS) who presented with acute cholangitis.Methods:The clinical data of 397 patients with CBDS and cholecystolithiasis who presented with acute cholangitis from January 2015 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 230 patients from the West Campus, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 patients from the Second People's Hospital of Binzhou and 72 patients from Rizhao Central Hospital. Conservative treatment, PTCD and LC+ LCBDE+ PDC were used sequentially. The interval between PTCD and LCBDE, the decrease of serum total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase after PTCD, the operative time of LC+ LCBDE+ PDC, and the intraoperative blood loss were analyzed. Postoperative indwelling time of abdominal drainage tube and PTCD tube time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, etc.Results:These were 15 males and 18 femals with the mean age of 57.5 years old. The mean serum total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels decreased from (148.3±36.8) μmol/L and (172.6±26.9) U/L before PTCD to (32.6±5.9) μmol/L and (45.7±7.2) U/L after PTCD, respectively. The interval between PTCD and LCBDE was (25.3±2.6) d. The operation time of LC+ LCBDE+ PDC was (95.4±14.2) min. The intraoperative blood loss was (35.2±9.5 )ml and the mean postoperative hospital stay was (12.4±3.5) d. The postoperative indwelling time of abdominal drainage tubes and PTCD tubes were (10.6±2.3) d and (25.8±4.7) d, respectively. After surgery, bile leakage occurred in 3 patients (9.1%), abdominal hemorrhage in 1 patient (3.0%), biliary bleeding in 1 patient (3.0%), navel incision infection in 1 patient (3.0%), lower common bile duct stenosis in 2 patients (6.1%). All complications responded well to conservation treatment.Conclusions:Sequential treatment using conservative treatment, PTCD combined with LC+ LCBDE+ PDC in patients with cholecystolithiasis and CBDS who presented with acute cholangitis was safe, and efficacious using the minimally invasive approach. This approach is worth promoting to other centers.

Lysophosphatidic Acid Down-regulated SKOV3 Cells of Ovarian Cancer in Doxorubicin Hydrochloride-induced Apoptosis / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid medium, plays an important role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is a first-line drug in the ovarian cancer clinical therapy, while the effect and molecular mechanism of LPA in the ovarian cancer with DOX treatment is still unclear. This study intended to explore the effect and molecular mechanism of LPA in ovarian cancer treated with DOX. SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells of human ovarian cancer and Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with control, LPA (lOp-mol/L), DOX (2jjLmol/L) and LPA (10jJLmol/L) + DOX (2p,mol/L) respectively for 24 hours. The morphological changes of SKOV3 cells were observed under optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results showed that LPA reduced cell death and the degree of chromatin aggregation in SKOV3 cells treated with DOX; RT-qPCR showed that LPA treatment could down-regulate the mRNA levels of caspase-3 in DOX-treated SKOV3 cells (P<0. 05); Western blot showed that LPA treatment could reduce caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 levels treated with DOX in SKOV3, OVCAR-3 and CHO cells (P<0. 05); Flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI double staining showed that LPA could down-regulate apoptosis in SKOV3 cells treated with DOX (P<0. 05); DCFH-DA method was used to detect intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SKOV3 cells. It was found that LPA reduced the intracellular ROS level treated with DOX (P<0. 05). Our preliminarily study showed the effect of LPA in the apoptosis of ovarian cancer treated with DOX, which may provide a reference for the drug therapy of ovarian cancer targeting LPA.

The risk factors for long-term survival after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-center study / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of long-term survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Methods:A retrospective analysis of 255 patients who underwent RFA as the main treatment modality for HCC from May 1, 2004 to Feb 28, 2015 was performed. All patients were divided into two groups according to the postoperative survival time: the 5-year or more survival group and the less than 5-year survival group. Clinical indicators such as age, maximum tumor size and number, and frequency of radiofrequency ablation were compared between the two groups. Cox single factor and multiple factors were used to analyze the influencing factors of long-term survival.Results:The median overall survival of all the 255 patients was 4.3 years (range 0.5-15.5 years). There were 115 patients (45.1%) who survived for 5 years or more and 140 patients (54.9%) who survived for less than 5 years. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of all the patients were 86.7%, 61.2%, 44.8% and 34.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences in gender, age, accompanying symptoms, aetiology of liver disease, level of alpha fetoprotein and treatment ( P>0.05), but there were significant differences in Child-Pugh class, liver cirrhosis, maximum diameter of tumor, tumor number, tumor stage, and frequency of RFA ( P<0.05) between the 2 groups of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥70 years old, Child-Pugh class B, maximum diameter of tumor >5.0 cm, multiple tumor were independent risk factors of long-term survival, but the number of sessions of RFA was a protective factor. Conclusions:For medium sized HCC and solitary large HCC, RFA combined with other therapeutic modalities could achieve satisfactory therapeutic results. Age, Child-Pugh class, maximum diameter of tumor, tumor number and RFA frequency were influencing factors for long-term survival of HCC patients.

Timing of radiofrequency ablation in treatment of complicated pyogenic liver abscesses / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the timing of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of complicated pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 49 patients with complicated PLA who were treated with the RFA-based treatment modality from August 2010 to January 2020 at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, West Campus, Capital Medical University, Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Spleen Surgery and the Second Hospital, Binzhou. The patients were divided into the early RFA group (≤ 72 h, n=27) and the delayed RFA group (>72 h, n=22) according to the timing of RFA. RFA was guided by laparoscopy combined with Ultrasound or CT. The safety and effective rates of RFA, and the total expenses were evaluated. Results:All patients in both the early and the delayed RFA groups were successfully cured (100%). No serious complications, including biliary leakage and massive hemorrhage, happened in the 2 groups. Significantly longer operating time and hospital stays [(8.1±1.6)d vs. (9.5±1.5)d], and higher hospital costs [(3.4±0.2) ten thousand yuan vs. (3.8±0.4) ten thousand yuan] were found in the delayed RFA group when compared with the early RFA group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:RFA treatment of complicated PLA should be completed within 72 hours of onset of PLA.

Verification on the Developmental Toxicity of Short-term Exposure to Phenol in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To verify the health advisory for short-term exposure to phenol.@*Methods@#The method of this validation experiment was the same as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methodology for toxicology experiments used to determine phenol drinking water equivalent level (DWEL). Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered phenol in distilled water by gavage at daily doses of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) from implantation (the 6th day post-mating) to the day prior to the scheduled caesarean section (the 20th day of pregnancy). The following information was recorded: general behavior; body weight; number of corpus luteum, live birth, fetus, stillbirth, and implantation; fetal gender; body weight; body length; tail length; and abnormalities and pathomorphological changes in the dams.@*Results@#In the 60 mg/kg b.w. dose group, the mortality of pregnant rats increased with increasing doses, suggesting maternal toxicity. Fetal and placental weights decreased as phenol dose increased from 30 mg/kg b.w., and were significantly different compared those in the vehicle control group, which suggested developmental toxicity in the fetuses. However, the phenol-exposed groups showed no significant change in other parameters compared with the vehicle control group ( > 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Despite using the same method as the US EPA, a different NOEAL of 15 mg/(kg·d) was obtained in this study.

Effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty on bone metabolism and oxidative stress in elderly patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures

Objective: To investigate the effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty on bone metabolism and oxidative stress in elderly patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures

Study Design: An experimental study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopedics, ZhangYe People's Hospital Affiliated to HeXi University, from February 2016 to October 2017

Methodology: A total of 100 elderly patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures were randomly divided into the observation group treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty [PKP] and the control group treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty [PVP], with 50 cases in each group. One month after surgery, the content of serum bone metabolic markers bone gla protein [BGP], carboxyl-terminal collagen I crosslinks beta-CTX, bone alkaline phosphatase [BALP] and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRACP], oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and superoxide dismutase [SOD] were compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale [VAS] and the Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] were used to evaluate the degree of pain and functional status of the two groups, and the Cobb angles were measured in both groups

Results: One month after surgery, the level of the serum bone metabolic marker BGP in the observation group was higher than the control group [p<0.001], and the levels of beta-CTX, BALP and TRACP in the observation group were lower than the control group [all p<0.001]. The level of the serum oxidative stress marker MDA in the observation group was lower than the control group [p<0.001], and the levels of TAC and SOD in the observation group were higher than the control group [all p<0.001]. There were no significant differences in VAS scores and ODI values between the two groups [p=0.806 and 0.913, respectively]. Cobb's angle of the injured vertebrae in the observation group was smaller than the control group [p<0.001]

Conclusion: Compared with PVP, PKP is more effective in treating elderly patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures. It can effectively optimise bone metabolism, promote fracture healing, and reduce the oxidative stress reactions after surgery, with a relatively larger application value

Sub-chronic Toxicity of Defoamer Used in Seawater Desalination / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the possible long-term health effects of the defoamer used in seawater desalination by sub-chronic toxicity testing.@*METHODS@#Blood analysis, internal organ assessment, and histopathological examination were carried out in rats exposed to low, medium, and high (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg BW, respectively) doses of defoamer for 90 days through oral administration.@*RESULTS@#The high dose group showed decreased blood alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.05). All doses resulted in a significant increase in albumin and decrease in globulin (P < 0.05). The direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin were decreased in the medium and high dose groups (P < 0.05). All dose groups showed significant induction of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05). Pathological examination revealed a case of liver mononuclear cell infiltration in the medium dose group and three cases of liver congestion, steatosis of hepatic cells around the central vein, and punctate necrosis with multiple focal mononuclear cell infiltration in male rats administered the high dose. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level was 0.5 g/kg BW in rats, with albumin and total bilirubin as health effect indices.@*CONCLUSION@#Long-term defoamer exposure may cause liver injury but has no significant impact on renal function in rats. The effect on blood cells in female rats was more prominent than that in male rats.

The first four cases of successful NeoChord procedure in Chinese mainland / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND@#Transapical off-pump NeoChord procedure is a novel minimally invasive surgical repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). Here, we report the first four cases of NeoChord procedure in patients with mitral valve prolapse in Chinese mainland.@*METHODS@#Four patients, aged 86, 84, 80 and 60 years, with severe MR due to posterior middle scallop prolapse (P2), underwent transapical off-pump artificial chordae implantation on April 9 and 10, 2019. The procedure was performed by left mini-thoracotomy under general anaesthesia and guided by 2D and 3D dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE).@*RESULTS@#Mitral valve repair via NeoChord procedure was successfully performed with implantation of 3 artificial chordae in the first patient and 3, 2, and 3 artificial chordae in the following patients, respectively. Intraoperative TEE and pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed only mild to moderate MR of these four patients and no postoperative complications were noted. There were no changes of TTE finding between one-month follow-up and pre-discharge.@*CONCLUSION@#The successful NeoChord procedures in four Chinese indicate that the valve repair using the NeoChord system for Chinese population is feasible.

A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Controlled Trial on Salvianolate for Treatment of Unstable Angina Pectoris in A Chinese Elderly Population / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of salvianolate in elderly patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP).@*METHODS@#A prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled multicenter trial in elderly patients with UAP from 13 third-grade class-A hospitals in China was performed. A total of 318 patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to an experimental group (160 patients) and a control group (158 patients). The experimental group was treated with salvianolate for 14 days on the basis of conventional medicine, and the control group was given a placebo for 14 days with the same criteria. Follow-up was lasted 28 days in both groups. The primary endpoint was biweekly frequency of angina pectoris attacks. The secondary endpoints included biweekly dosage of nitroglycerin, the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, angina pectoris severity and duration, myocardial injury markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as well as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Safety was assessed according to adverse events and serious adverse events.@*RESULTS@#Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Compared with those in the control group, the frequency of biweekly angina attacks (2.92 vs . 4.08, P=0.025), the biweekly dosage of nitroglycerin, as well as the severity and duration of angina attacks (P<0.01) were reduced by salvianolate. The Seattle Angina Questionnaire score was also significantly improved in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to the incidence of MACEs. Salvianolate was well tolerated.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Salvianolate appear to have efficacy and well tolerated for elderly patients with UAP. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03037047].

First-in-man implantation of the retrievable and repositionable VenusA-Plus valve / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:No retrievable and repositionable second generation transcatheter aortic valve is available in China. Here, we report the first-in-man implantation of the retrievable and repositionable VenusA-Plus valve. METHODS:A 76-year-old patient with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk (STS 13.8％) was recommended for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) by heart valve team. Type 0 bicuspid aortic valve with asymmetric calcification was identified by dual source computed tomography, and the unfavorable anatomies increased the possibility of malposition and paravalvular leakage during TAVR. Therefore, we used the retrievable and repositionable VenusA-Plus valve for the patient. RESULTS:Transfemoral TAVR was performed under local anesthesia with sedation, and a 26-mm VenusA-Plus valve was successful y implanted. No transvalvular pressure gradient and trace paravalvular leakage were found. CONCLUSION:The successful first-in-man implantation indicates the retrievable and repositionable VenusA-Plus valve is feasible in complicated TAVR cases such as bicuspid aortic valve.

Current situation and progression of radiofrequency ablation therapy for benign space occupying lesion of the liver / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Benign occupations of the liver (BOL) are a heterogeneous group of benign hepatic lesions,a minority of which may need active management.It's reported that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be used to treat BOL,such as hepatic haemangioma,focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH),hepatocellular adenoma,simple hepatic cyst,liver abscess and hepatic echinococcosis.RFA has exhibited a potentiality to replace resection as the first-line treatment option for hepatic haemangioma.For multiloculated intractable simple hepatic cyst or liver abscess,when patients are not suitable for or refuse surgical resection,RFA may be an alternative option for the resection;and it also has many advantages over resection,including effectiveness,safety,minimal invasiveness and repeatability in the treatment of FNH,hepatocellular adenoma,and hepatic echinococcosis.A review will be presented on the current situation and latest progression of RFA therapy for BOL in this article.

Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in treatment of complicated pyogenic liver abscess / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treatment of complicated pyogenic liver abscess (PLA).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 patients with complicated PLA treated from August 2010 to January 2018 in the West Campus of Beijing Chao-yang Hospital which is Affiliated to the Capital Medical University and Rizhao Central Hospital of Shandong Province.These patients were treated with RFA based treatment modalities using CT-guided or laparoscopy combined with Ultrasound-guided RFA.The successful rate,efficacious rate and safety of RFA were respectively analyzed.Routine follow-up was carried out after treatment.Results The successful rate of RFA was 100％.The median operation time was 45 minutes.All the 20 patients were cured by one session of RFA.The multilocular lesion in one patient was converted to a unilocular lesion after one session of RFA.The patient was then cured by percutaneous hepatic abscess drainage.No serious complications were observed.Conclusions RFA was safe and efficacious.It should be considered as an alternative treatment for patients with complicated PLA who were not responsive to,or not applicable to antibiotics treatment and radiological intervention.