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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) interacts with the intestinal immune system due to enterohepatic circulation and immune cell recruitment and recirculation. Intestinal immune imbalance promotes liver inflammation and fibrosis in the process of NAFLD, and meanwhile, NAFLD can cause disorders in the number and function of immune cells in the liver and intestinal tract. This article mainly elaborates on the impact of NAFLD on intestinal immune cells and briefly summarizes the new treatment methods for NAFLD targeting at intestinal immune cells, in order to provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic role and potential mechanisms of astaxanthin (ASX) pretreatment on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice .Methods Sepsis was induced by CLP in male mice ,which were then randomly divided into saline control group ,sepsis model group (CLP group) ,and CLP+ASX group (mice received 60 mg/(kg · d) ASX dissolved in olive oil via oral gavage for 14 consecutive days before CLP operation) .① The mice were monitored to assess 72-hour survival rate .② Clinical scores of mice in the three groups were calculated 24 h after CLP to determine the severity of sepsis .Blood samples were collected at 24 h after CLP modeling to determine the serum ALT ,BUN ,TNF-α and IL-6 levels .The intestine ,lung ,liver and kidney tissues were collected to assess organ functions and pathological changes .Results The results showed that mice in CLP group had a significantly lower survival rate at 72 h than those in CLP+ASX group (P=0 .0202) .CLP+ASX sepsis group had a lower clinical score than CLP sepsis group(10 .78 ± 0 .79 vs .13 .67 ± 0 .44 ,P=0 .005) .The tissue histopathology and biochemical analysis revealed that ASX markedly alleviated histological examination damage in the intestines [villus height :(390 .67 ± 14 .58)μm vs .(326 .67 ± 10 .31)μm , P=0 .005] ,lung (lung wet/dry ratio :4.75±0.24 vs.5.05±0.22,P=0.0476),liver[ALT:(105.0±10.53)U/L vs.(174.8±9.289)U/L,P=0.0006] and kidney [BUN:(54 .50 ± 3 .57)mg/dL vs .(69 .17 ± 3 .33)mg/dL , P= 0 .0132] tissues in sepsis .Moreover , significant lower levels of TNF-α [(258 .06 ± 16 .21 )pg/mL vs . (538 .17 ± 30 .80 )pg/mL , P< 0 .0001 ] and IL-6 [(5 .90 ± 0 .80)ng/mL vs .(12 .56 ± 0 .55)ng/mL , P<0 .0001] were discovered in the CLP+ ASX sepsis group in contrast to the CLP sepsis group .Conclusion ASX can significantly lower the mortality of mice with CLP-induced sepsis by improving organ functions and inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors .
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Objective:To investigate the level and prognostic significance of RNF87 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Detected the expression of RNF87 in 98 HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot.According to the clinical data of the patients,we analyzed the relationship between RNF87 level and the prognosis of the HCC patients.Results:The level of RNF87 in HCC tissues is down-regulated,compared with the adjacent tissues.And the expression of RNF87 was significantly related to the prognosis of HCC patients.Besides,the lower level of RNF87 was also obviously related with microvascular invasion.Conclusions:The down-regulated level of RNF87 may be one of the risk factors of human hepatocellular carcinoma progression;RNF87 maybe one of potential tumor suppressors;the level of RNF87 can be used as an indicator to predict the prognosis of HCC patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate MRI findings of osteochondral lesions in the talus;to evaluate the value of MRI in diagnosing and determining the stage of osteochondral lesions;to analyze the follow up clinical value of MRI in osteochondral transplantation of autologous bone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 79 patients from February 2013 to March 2015 had been retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were treated in our hospital. The ankle arthroscopy results were used as the reference standard, and the accuracy of MRI in diagnosis and Hepple staging had been investigated. Fifteen patients with cartilage transplantation of autologous bone were followed up with MRI examination and evaluation of cartilage repair score(MOCART) after one year. The values of MRI in the postoperative follow up were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hepple staging of 79 patients was shown as follows:7 cases of stage I, 12 cases of stage II, 24 cases of stage III, 16 cases of stage IV, and 20 cases of stage V. Ankle arthroscopy grading of 59 patients in this group(in addition of 20 cases of stage V):2 cases of grade A, 2 cases of grade B, 4 cases of grade C, 14 cases of grade D, 22 cases of grade E, and 15 cases of grade F. The accuracy rate of MRI in determining Hepple V was set at 100%, and Hepple stage I corresponds to the arthroscopic A, B, C stage, stage II corresponds to D stage, stage III corresponds to E stage, stage IV corresponds to F stage. The accuracy rate of MRI in determining Hepple stage I to IV was 87.5%, 85.7%, 95.4% and 93.3% respectively. After cartilage transplantation of autologous bone, MRI of 15 patients showed cartilage surface in transplanted area was smooth, bone healed well, and the surrounding edema disappeared. The MOCART was 30 to 80 scores with an average score 59.0±15.6;9 cases of these 15 patients were(9/15, 60%) higher than 60 score.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MRI plays a significant role in clinical diagnosis and staging of the talus osteochondral injury. As a method of long term follow up after cartilage transplantation, MRI can well evaluate the rapair of the postoperative osteochondral injury.</p>