Application of skin and soft tissue expansion in repairing pediatric patients with superficial defects / 中华烧伤杂志

Skin and soft tissue expansion can provide skin tissue similar to the recipient area in color and texture, which is one of the ideal methods in the repair of superficial defects. However, due to the long treatment cycle and relatively high complications rate in pediatric patients, expansion still faces many challenges. Based on the clinical practice and the current progress in skin and soft tissue expansion, this paper briefly discusses the change of skin after expansion, and the application, prevention and treatment of complications in the application of expansion in pediatric patients, aiming to provide reference for expansion in pediatric patients.

Network Meta-analysis of oral Chinese patent medicine in treatment of knee osteoarthritis / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA) with network Meta-analysis, and provide evidence-based medicine evidences for clinical practice. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM were used to search for clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on Chinese patent medicines for treatment of knee osteoarthritis, with a time limit from the establishment of each database to March 2020. The bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane was used to evaluate the quality of the included RCTs. The network Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 14.0 software. A total of 5 788 patients in 58 RCTs were included, involving 9 kinds of Chinese patent medicines. The results of the network Meta-analysis indicated that in terms of total effective rate, the top three optimal medication regimens were Jinwu Gutong Capsules + Amino Acid Glucose(AAG), Xianling Gubao + AAG and Biqi Capsules; the top three interventions to reduce the VAS score were Panlongqi Tablets > Xianling Gubao + AAG > Xianling Gubao + non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs); the top three interventions to reduce the total score of WOMAC were Jintiange Capsules+NSAIDs> Jinwu Gutong Capsules + AAG > Biqi Capsules + NSAIDs; the top three medication schemes with better curative effect to reduce Lequesnse index were Xianling Gubao + NSAIDs > Biqi Capsules + NSAIDs > Jintiange Capsules + NSAIDs; the top three interventions to reduce TNF-α level Xianling Gubao + AAG > Jintiange Capsules > Jintiange Capsules + AAG=Jinwu Gutong Capsules + AAG. In terms of safety, the top five interventions with the least adverse reactions were Biqi Capsules > Jinwu Gutong Capsules > Biqi Capsules + NSAIDs > Xianling Gubao + NSAIDs > Jintiange Capsules. The combined application of Chinese patent medicine and NSADIs or AAG can improve the clinical treatment effect and reduce adverse reactions in KOA patients.

The change of COX-2 expression in rats with stress urinary incontinence and its significance / 医学研究生学报

Objective　There are a few researches on the mechanism of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The article aimed to examine the changes of COX-2 expression in the urethra, vagina and urethral smooth muscle of SUI rat mode to evaluate the effect of estrogen on COX-2 expression. Methods　Sixty unbearing healthy female SD rats and fifteen male SD rats were gathered for spontaneous delivery. SUI rat models were constructed using expanded vagina, expanded vagina + ovariectomy respectively after delivery, which were expanded vagina group and expanded vagina + ovariectomy group. Six successfully modeled rats were chosen for the follow-up experiment. SD rats modeled after normal pregnancy were the control group. Sneezing experiment and urodynamic examination were used to examine the maximum bladder capacity (MBC) and abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP). Fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot were applied to detect the expressions of COX-2 mRNA and protein, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of COX-2 in urethra, vagina and urethral smooth muscle. Results Compared with control group, ALPP in two experimental groups were significantly decreased, among which ALPP in expanded vagina + ovariectomy group was significantly decreased in comparison to expanded vagina group(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expressions of COX-2 mRNA and protein in expanded vagina group and expanded vagina+ovariectomy group were significantly higher, among which the figures in expanded vagina+ovariectomy group were significantly higher than those in expanded vagina group(P<0.05). The result of immunohistochemistry showed staining intensity integral expression of COX-2 in vaginal tissues of control group, expanded vagina group and expanded vagina+ovariectomy group were 0.50±0.54, 5.55±0.54, 9.33±0.81, so differences between any two groups were of statistical significance(P<0.05); staining intensity integral expression of COX-2 in urethral smooth muscle of control group, expanded vagina group and expanded vagina+ovariectomy group were 0.66±0.51, 5.33±0.51, 8.50±0.54, so differences between any two groups were of statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of COX-2 was related to the mechanism of SUI. The decrease of estrogen may increase the expression of COX-2 in SUI rats, which supports the treatment of SUI.

A meta-analysis of risk factors of postoperative delirium of elderly hip fracture patients in China / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: At present, there is no consensus on the risk factors for delirium after hip fracture in the elderly, and there is no risk prediction system that can effectively assess the risk of delirium after hip fracture in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors of postoperative delirium of elderly hip fracture. METHODS: Studies about delirium of elderly hip fracture patients were retrieved by computer. Quality of the studies was assessed. Analysis of sensitivity and heterogeneity was performed by RevMan 5.3 software and cumulative effects were calculated by either fixed or random effects models. RESULTS AND CONCLOUSION: (1) Totally 15 studies included 872 cases of delirium and 3 221 cases of non-delirium. (2) The results of meta-analysis showed that:univariate analysis indicated that preoperative cognitive dysfunction[pooled OR=4.99,95%CI(2.66,9.37),P=0.000],age[pooled MD=3.60,95%CI(2.21, 5.00),P=0.000],preoperative complications ≥ 3[pooled OR=2.83,95%CI(2.12,3.79),P=0.000],preoperative hemoglobin<100 mg/L[pooled OR=2.09, 95%CI(1.17,3.76),P=0.01],preoperative albumin<35 g/L[pooled OR=2.29,95%CI(1.77,2.97),P=0.01],general anesthesia[pooled OR=2.17,95%CI(1.41, 3.34),P=0.000 4],the type or treatment of hip fracture[pooled OR=1.36,95%CI(1.04,1.78),P=0.02],operation time[pooled OR=2.88,95%CI(1.42,5.82), P=0.003],and intraoperative blood loss[pooled MD=36.97,95%CI(25.74,48.19),P=0.000]were the risk factors of postoperative delirium of elderly hip fracture patients.(3)Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative cognitive dysfunction[pooled=4.94,95%CI(2.23,10.95),P=0.000],age[pooled MD=2.84,95% CI(1.89, 3.78),P=0.000],preoperative complications ≥ 3[pooled OR=3.05,95%CI(2.11,4.41),P=0.000],general anesthesia[pooled OR=4.29,95%CI(1.40,13.14), P=0.01],and operation time ≥ 2.5 hours[pooled OR=2.62,95%CI(1.68,4.08),P=0.000]were independent risk factors for postoperative delirium of elderly hip fracture patients. (4) In conclusion, the independent risk factors of postoperative delirium of elderly hip fracture patients are preoperative cognitive dysfunction, age, preoperative complications ≥ 3, general anesthesia and operation time ≥ 2.5 hours. The type of fracture, preoperative waiting time, and type of operation are not related to postoperative delirium. However, due to the low quantity and quality of the included literature, the conclusion needs the support from many high-quality studies.

Management of bone defects in total knee arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Bone defects are one of the most important challenges that surgeons have to manage in total knee arthroplasty. The reasonable treatment method can guarantee the effect of the repair operation. OBJECTIVE: To review the relevant literatures concerning bone defects treated by primary total knee arthroplasty and revision total knee arthroplasty, and to analyze the optimal managements for different types of bone defects. METHODS: Relevant literatures were identified in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, Vip, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science. The key words were "total knee arthroplasty, total knee replacement, revision total knee arthroplasty, bone loss, bone defect, bone deficiency, management". The included studies were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Sixty-two studies regarding total knee arthroplasty for bone defects were included, without recognized standards on the type of bone defects. AORI is the most widely used classification for bone defects. (2) Pre-operated detailed evaluation including laboratory and radiographic examination, and accurate diagnosis are the key to success. (3) Management of bone defect was similar in tibia and femur, but there is still no standard classification and management of patellar bone defect. (4) Using stem fixation whenever a femoral or tibial component is revised can improve clinical outcome. (5) Through detailed evaluation, accurate diagnose and appropriate classification of bone defect, selection, according to the characteristics of different strategies, the age of the patient and the needs of life, can get a good clinical result.

Efficacy of the modified incision versus standard incision in proximal femoral nail antirotation for femoral intertrochanteric fractures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) is the most commonly used internal fixation for femoral intertrochanteric fracture. However, a large amount of hidden blood loss makes negative effect on the functional recovery postoperatively. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of the modified incision and standard incision in PFNA for femoral intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures were analyzed retrospectively, and were then divided into two groups, followed by treated with modified incision of PFNA (group A) or standard incision of PFNA (group B). The postoperative biomechanical stability, fracture healing time, complications, Harris scores at the last follow-up, proximal incision length, operation time, and blood loss were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All the patients were followed up for more than 12 months. The fracture healing time, Harris scores at the last follow-up and incidence of postoperative complications did not differ significantly between two groups. (2) The intraoperative blood loss, total blood loss and total blood transfusion in the group A were significantly less than those in the group B (P < 0.05). (3) The proximal incision length and operation time in the group A were significantly shorter than those in the group B. (4) These results manifest that in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture, both methods exhibit good biomechanical properties and stability. Notably, compared with the standard incision method, the modified incision method has less trauma, shorter operation time, less blood loss and blood transfusion.

Management of perioperative blood loss applied in unicompartment knee arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Unicompartment knee arthroplasty (UKA) is gradually applied in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, and the management of perioperative blood loss is a hot spot in clinical research. It is very important to control perioperative blood loss and changes in hemoglobin level for postoperative rapid recovery. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in the blood-related indexes during the management of perioperative blood loss in UKA, so as to provide technical reference and data reference for clinical application. METHODS: Clinical data 70 patients undergoing UKA at the Department of Bone and Joint of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and received the management of perioperative blood loss. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, total blood loss and rate of blood transfusion were recorded; the preoperative hemoglobin, albumin, coagulation indexes, D-dimer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were investigated. The effect of operation on the postoperative blood loss and drainage volume was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operation time was (89.36±19.89) minutes, intraoperative blood loss was (39.71±23.64) mL, postoperative drainage volume was (56.21±34.21) mL, and rate of autologous blood transfusion was 0. (2) The operation time exerted no effect on the intraoperative blood loss (P=0.685 7), but affected on the postoperative drainage volume (P=0.021 6). (3) The total postoperative blood loss was little, and the blood loss did not differ significantly at 3 hours, 1, 3 and 7 days postoperatively (P > 0.05). (4) There was a slight decline in hemoglobin on days 1-3 after surgery, and then returned slowly; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein increased rapidly within 1 day after surgery and declined within 1-3 days; the D-dimer rapidly increased on day 1 after surgery, then rapidly decreased on days 1-3, and then slowly increased on days 3-7; the plasma total protein and albumin were stable and fluctuated in the normal range within 1-3 days. (5) These results suggest that the UKA had short operation time, few total blood loss and slight fluctuation, and the blood-related indexes exhibit different fluctuations. Moreover, the preoperative management of blood loss can reduce the total blood loss and rate of blood transfusion..

Protective effect of MCC950 against lung injury induced by mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns / 医学研究生学报

Objective There is still no specific immuno-therapy to acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by severe trau-ma.The article aimed to investigate the effect of MCC 950 on lung in-jury induced by mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns ( MTDs) and preliminarily evaluate its molecular mechanism . Methods 40 SD rats were randomly devided into control group , MTDs group, MCC950 group, MTDs+MCC950 group.The rats were were taken MCC950 (20mg/kg) by peritoneal injection pretreatment for 1 hour, followed by tail vein injection of MTDs (5%liver vol-ume) and were killed 12 hours later.ELISA were applied to detect tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β( IL-1β) and IL-18 in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) , and BCA method to assess the content of total protein .Lung tissues were weighed to calculate lung wet weight/body weight( LWW/BW) ratio, and stained by HE staining to observe the pathological changes through light micro -scope.Smith lung injury score was used to assess histological lung injury .Western blot was employed to evaluate the protein expression of Pro-Caspase-1 and Caspase-1. Results ①Compared with control group , TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-18 in BALF of MTDs group were significantly increased( all P<0.05), but not in MCC950 group(P>0.05), TNF-αin BALF of MTDs +MCC950 group were signifi-cantly increased( all P<0.05), IL-1βand IL-18 were not(all P>0.05).Compared with MTDs group, IL-1βand IL-18 in BALF of MTDs +MCC950 group were in serious decline (all P<0.05).Compared with control group, the LWW/BW ratio [(4.19±0.36)mg/g vs (6.32±0.54)mg/g, P<0.05] and the content of total protein [(0.12±0.03)g/L vs (0.79±0.07)g/L, P<0.05] were dramatically increased.Compared with MTDs group, the LWW/BW ratio [(4.35±0.29)mg/g, (4.47±0.0.46)mg/g, P<0.05] and the content of total protein [(0.12±0.06)g/L, (0.15±0.06)g/L, P<0.05] were in serious decline.Smith lung injury score revealed that compared with control group the score of MTDs group was elevated (1.00±0.00 vs 8.33±0.58, P<0.05), and the score of MTDs+MCC950 group was significantly decreased than MTDs group ( 8.33±0.58 vs 3.67±0.58, P<0.05) .Compared with control group , the protein expres-sion of Pro-caspase-1 and caspase-1 were markedly improved (all P<0.05).However, the expression of caspase-1 was significantly milder than that in MTDs group ( P<0.05), the protein expression of Pro-caspase-1 was comparable ( P>0.05). Conclusion MCC950 exerts protective effect against lung injury induced by MTDs probably via the inhibition of NLRP 3 inflammasome activation .

Experimental study on induction of cognitive function and heart rate variability by simulated flight / 解放军医学杂志

Objective Through the establishment of the model of mental fatigue which was induced by continuous mental workload,compare the changes in cognitive function before and after simulated flight and investigate the pattern of heart rate variability (HRV) during the period of simulated flight,thus providing the foundation of screening objective indices for monitoring mental fatigue.Methods A total of 30 participants were informed to take part in a simulated flight for 4 hours.They were arranged to complete the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) and two cognitive tests,including psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and shifting attention test (SAT) before and after simulated flight severally.HRV was recorded continuously during the period of simulated flight.Results After simulated flight,the scores of SSS significantly increased (P＜0.05) and mean reaction times to PVT and SAT were longer compared with presimulated flight (P＜0.05).Heart rate (HR) and RMSSD considered as the time domain index of HRV showed significant difference during the period of simulated flight (F=9.81,F=4.75,respectively,both P＜0.05).The results indicate that HR declined and RMSSD of HRV increased significantly,while no significant differences were found in other time domain component and the frequency domain component of HRV.Conclusions The mean reaction times of cognitive tests are sensitive indices to monitor mental fatigue.However,when the time domain component and the frequency domain component of HRV are applied into monitoring mental fatigue,there are still some limitations in different conditions.

Relationship between nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in female stress urinary incontinence / 天津医药

Female stress urinary incontinence (FSUI) is a common disease of women in department of urology, which severely affects elderly physical and mental health of women. The molecular mechanism of FSUI is still unclear. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase (COX) and their respective products nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) are closely related with FSUI. In this paper, the distribution of NOS and COX in female lower urinary tract and the research development of NOS, COX and their products with FSUI are summarized.

Comparative study on distribution of endophytic fungi in Eucommia barks from different habitats / 中国中药杂志

A total of 152 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the barks of Eucommia ulmoides in three regions (Lueyang country, Zunyi country, Cili country). Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of ITS sequences, these strains were identified into 8 genera. Thereinto Phomopsis, Diaporthe and Alternaria were common genera to Eucommia barks from different sites. But the dominant genus was different: Alternaria was the dominant genus in the barks from Cili country, and Phomopsis was the dominant genus from Zunyi country, then Diaporthe was the one from Lueyang country. According to the similarity coefficient, the composition of the endophytic fungi was distinctly different between the barks from three sites. The diversity and species richness in Lueyang country and Cili country were found higher than those in Zunyi country. The evenness of endophytic fungi was 0.936 5 in Lueyang county, which was higher than 0.737 1 or 0.641 0 in Cili county or Zunyi county, respectively. After phylogenic analysis and calculating the genetic distances of typical strains belong to Phomopsis and its perfect stage--Diaporthe, there was very high genetic diversity in the two genera from our study. In conclusion, the community structure and diversity of endophytic fungi were significant different in Eucommia barks from the three habitats.

Adaptive evolution of the hemagglutinin genes of the H6N1 avian influenza virus in Taiwan, China / 病毒学报

In Taiwan, the first human-infecting H6N1 avian influenza virus was isolated in 2013. To better understand the origin, evolutionary relationship and pathogenesis of the H6N1 virus, we studied the adaptive evolution and evolutionary dynamics of the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the H6N1 virus in Taiwan. We felt that such studies woud contribute to the further study and control of the virus. Datasets were gained from the Flu and Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) databases. Then, phylogenetic trees and evolutionary dynamics were reconstructed. The evolutionary rate and characterization of adaptive evolution were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Results indicated that the HA genes of H6N1 in Taiwan were divided into at least five types, and that the new types that the infected human H6N1 belonged to could be local advantage type at present. Evolutionary dynamics revealed the viral population expanded first at the end of 1971, reduced sharply in 2008, and then increased slightly. Three sites were identified under positive selection, suggesting that various sites might increase the adaptive ability of the virus. Eighty-nine sites were under negative selection, revealing that these sites might play an important role in the replication and epidemiology of the virus. Interestingly, site 329 upstream from the cleavage site was also under negative selection, suggesting that this site might be associated with the virulence of H6N1. These data suggest that the HA genes of the Taiwanese H6N1 virus have been undergoing adaptive evolution, and that an outbreak may occur again. Hence, more attention should be paid to the identified sites, to enable timely monitoring and control of a future epidemic.

Optimization of salt-processing technology for Phyllanthus emblica by comprehensive score method / 中草药

Objective: To choose the optimal salt-processing technology for Phyllanthus emblica. Methods: Taking the contents of gallic acid, querectin, ethanol soluble extraction, and water-soluble extract as the indexes, the factors of brine concentration, watering multiple, soaking time, and drying temperature were investigated. L9(34) orthogonal design and comprehensive score were used to optimize the salt-processing technology for P. emblica. Results: The optimal salt-processing technology was: 3% salt, adding 1.2-fold water, soaking for 10 d, and drying under 90°C. Conclusion: The optimal salt-processing technology is stable, reasonable, and feasible, and could be used to guide the standardization production.

Clinical effect of the concentrated suture fixation method on skin transplantation in the jaw and neck region / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of the concentrated suture fixation method on skin transplantation on deep burn wound or wound of cicatricial deformity after burn in the jaw and neck region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fourteen patients, hospitalized from April 2002 to December 2011, with deep burn or cicatricial deformity after burn in the jaw and neck region, were divided into packaging group and concentrated suture group according to the random number table. Each group had 57 patients including 48 cases with deep burn and 9 cases with cicatricial deformity. Traditional suture-package fixation method and concentrated suture fixation method were respectively used in packaging group and concentrated suture group to fix the autologous medium split-thickness skin in transplantation on wounds or scars. On post operation day (POD) 14, the skin microcirculatory perfusion flow of skin graft was measured, and the occurrence of ecchymoma, infection, and necrosis of skin in operative region were observed. The elasticity and contracture of grafted skin and scar hyperplasia on wound edge were observed 6 months after operation. Measurement data were processed with u test, while enumeration data with Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) On POD 14, the skin microcirculatory perfusion flow in concentrated suture group [(2.86 +/- 0.8) V] was significantly higher than that in packaging group [(2.33 +/- 0.15) V, u = 17.776, P < 0.05]. (2) Ecchymoma occurred in 4 patients of packaging group and 3 patients of concentrated suture group, but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (chi 2 = 0.152, P > 0.05). (3) Infection in operative region was observed in 1 patient of packaging group, while no patient in concentrated suture group showed this symptom. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (4) Grafted skin in 6 patients of packaging group showed foliated necrosis, which was not observed on those of patients in concentrated suture group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (5) Centipede leg-like scar hyperplasia on wound edge occurred in 21 patients in packaging group and 6 patients in concentrated suture group, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (chi 2 = 10.920, P < 0.05). (6) Poor elasticity of grafted skin was detected in 17 patients of packaging group and 4 patients of concentrated suture group, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (chi 2 = 9.865, P < 0.05). (7) Obvious contracture of grafted skin was observed in 15 patients of packaging group and 4 patients of concentrated suture group, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (chi 2 = 11.684, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Concentrated suture fixation method is suitable for application in transplantation of big sheet skin on wound in the jaw and neck region. It has high survival rate and is convenient for postoperative observation.</p>

Influence of high-voltage electrical burn on the rheological property of platelet and leukocyte in rats and the interventional effect of pentoxifylline / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of high-voltage electrical burn (HEB) on the aggregation and adhesion of platelet and leukocyte in rats and the interventional effect of pentoxifylline (PTX).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and eighty SD rats were divided into control, electrical burn (EB), and pentoxifylline treatment (PT) groups according to the random number table, with 60 rats in each group. (1) Ten rats were taken from each group at 15 minutes before injury for the observation of the microcirculatory perfusion of chest skin with Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager (LDPI), and the number of leukocyte adherent to mesenteric venule with Bradford Variable Projection Microscope (BVPM). Serum was collected from heart blood to determine the contents of platelet activating factor (PAF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostacyclin (PGI2), P-selectin, E-selectin and L-selectin by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 was calculated therefrom. (2) Model of HEB was reproduced in the remaining 50 rats of EB group and that of PT group with voltage regulator and experimental transformer (the electrical current applied to the left forelimb and exited from the right hind limb). The remaining 50 rats of control group were sham injured with the same devices without electric current. Within 2 minutes post injury (PIM), rats in control group and EB group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL isotonic saline, while rats in PT group were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL pentoxifylline (50 mg/mL). At PIM 5 and 1, 2, 4, 8 hour(s) post injury (PIH), 10 rats of every group were randomly chosen at each time point for the observation of the microcirculatory perfusion of chest skin and the number of leukocytes adherent to mesenteric venule through the same method as used above, and the levels of the related factors of aggregation and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes were determined, and then the relative ratio was calculated. Data were processed with the analysis of variance of factorial design and LSD test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, as well as the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group were higher, while the microcirculatory perfusion value was lower than those of control group, with F values from 854.20 to 8156.52, P values all below 0.01. The microcirculatory perfusion value and PGI2 content of PT group were higher, while the contents or number of other indexes were lower than those of EB group, with F values from 33.18 to 1033.99, P values all below 0.01. Only the data within EB group and PT group were comparable. The contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, as well as the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group and PT group at each time point were significantly higher than those at 15 minutes before injury, while the microcirculation perfusion value was significantly lower than that at 15 minutes before injury (P values all below 0.001), with the exception of the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 in PT group and E-selectin in EB group and PT group at PIM 5. The contents of PAF, TXB2, and E-selectin and the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2 in EB group peaked at PIH 4, and they were respectively (9.3 ± 0.9) ng/mL, (14.31 ± 0.65) nmol/mL, (271.2 ± 18.4) ng/mL and 4.62 ± 0.26. The contents of PGI2 and P-selectin, and the number of adhered leukocyte in EB group peaked at PIH 8, and they were respectively (3.98 ± 0.24) nmol/mL, (514 ± 24) ng/mL, and (25.50 ± 4.14) per 100 µm venule. The content of L-selectin peaked at PIH 2 [(876 ± 54) ng/mL]. The microcirculatory perfusion value was lowest at PIM 5 [(1.17 ± 0.10) V].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HEB can increase the contents of PAF, TXB2, PGI2, P-selectin, E-selectin, L-selectin, the ratio of TXB2 to PGI2, and the number of adhered leukocyte, as well as decrease the skin microcirculatory perfusion value. PTX can inhibit the aggregation and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes through increasing the content of PGI2 and decreasing contents of other factors mentioned above, thus alleviating the microcirculatory dysfunction after HEB.</p>

Genetic variation analysis of canine parvovirus VP2 gene in China / 病毒学报

To recognize the molecular biology character, phylogenetic relationship and the state quo prevalent of Canine parvovirus (CPV), Faecal samnples from pet dogs with acute enteritis in the cities of Beijing, Wuhan, and Nanjing were collected and tested for CPV by PCR and other assay between 2006 and 2008. There was no CPV to FPV (MEV) variation by PCR-RFLP analysis in all samples. The complete ORFs of VP2 genes were obtained by PCR from 15 clinical CPVs and 2 CPV vaccine strains. All amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the VP2 sequences showed that clinical CPVs both belong to CPV-2a subtype, and could be classified into a new cluster by amino acids contrasting which contains Tyr-->Ile (324) mutation. Besides the 2 CPV vaccine strains belong to CPV-2 subtype, and both of them have scattered variation in amino acids residues of VP2 protein. Construction of the phylogenetic tree based on CPV VP2 sequence showed these 15 CPV clinical strains were in close relationship with Korea strain K001 than CPV-2a isolates in other countries at early time, It is indicated that the canine parvovirus genetic variation was associated with location and time in some degree. The survey of CPV capsid protein VP2 gene provided the useful information for the identification of CPV types and understanding of their genetic relationship.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatic malignancies with cool-tip needle / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy, indication and complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with cool-tip needle in patients with hepatic malignancies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>421 patients with hepatic malignancies underwent ultrasound-guided RFA with cool-tip needle under local anaesthesia. The tumor size was from 1.0 to 15 cm in diameter with an average diameter of 4.3 cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The complete ablation (CA) rate was 91.4% (382/418) in the patients with a tumor < 3 cm, 78.9% (97/123) in those with a tumor of 3 to 5 cm and 37.6% (35/93) in the patients with a tumor > 5 cm. No patient died or changed to celiotomy during the 1121 times of RFA for 634 lesions in 421 patients. No hemorrhage occurred in any of these patients after the RFA treatment. The complications included abdominal pain in 32.3% (136/421), nausea in 9.0% (38/421), fever in 34.9% (147/421) and biliary leakage in 0.2% (1/421) of the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with cool-tip needle is effective and safe in the treatment of liver tumors.</p>

Isolation and Identification of Thermoacidiphilic Bacteria from Apple Juice Concentrate / 微生物学通报

The thermotolerant bacteria which was isolated from the Apple Juice Concentrate(AJC) was investigated by comparison with the standard strain of Aliyclobacillus acidoterrestris DSM3922 using Kirin-medium acidified with malic acid.The results shows the two polluted bacteria isolated from AJC can grow under the temperature of 21?C～55?C and pH of 2.4～6.2,which was corresponded with the characteristics of the thermo-acidiphilic Alicyclobacillus spp..Further more,the cell morphology,colony morphology,cultural characteristics and physiological characteristics tests indicated the two isolated strains of thermotolerant bacteria have obviously similar characteristics with the standard strain of Aliyclobacillus acidoterrestris DSM3922.

Clinical analysis of families with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical phenotypes and hereditary patterns of the generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Detailed family trees were constructed by inquire and physical examinations for the probands of the 15 pedigrees of GEFS+. Some patients received electroencephalography, cranial CT or MRI examination. The seizures and epilepsy syndromes were classified according to the 2001 Seizure International Classification. The clinical data of GEFS+ were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 15 families consisted of 196 individuals. Seventy-five individuals were confirmed with epilepsy. The phenotypes of 64 out of the 75 patients with epilepsy conformed to GEFS+. The 64 patients included 38 males and 26 females (1 deceased) and there was no gender difference in the morbility of GEFS+. The age at onset was all in childhood. GEFS+ had a diversity of phenotypes. Febrile seizures (FS) were confirmed in 44 patients, FS and myoclonic seizure in 1, febrile seizures plus (FS+) in 13, FS+ and absence seizure in 2, FS+ and myoclonic seizure in 1, and FS+ and focal seizure in 3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The heterogeneity of phenotypes and genetics may be the hallmarks of GEFS+. FS and FS+ are common phenotypes while FS+ and absence seizure, FS+ and myoclonic seizure, and FS+ and focal seizure are rare. If one of the parents is affected in a GEFS+ family, the susceptibility of their children to GEFS+ is the same no matter what gender of their children is. It is speculated that the hereditary pattern of GEFS+ conforms to autosomal dominant inheritance.</p>

Genetic Research of Gene of Gamma 2 Subunit of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor in Pedigrees of Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To find the relationship between mutation of gamma 2 subunit of the gamma-aminobatyric acid type A receptor(GABRG2) and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus(GEFS+).Methods Probands of 10 families with GEFS+ were selected,the GABRG2 gene were sequenced.Results We found a single nucleotide polymorphism site,and did not find the reported mutations.Conclusion GABRG2 mutation is not common in Hans of northern China.