Brain Protection of Muscone in Rats with Brain Injury / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe cerebral protective effect of muscone (nasal administration) on traumatic brain injury model rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SD rats were divided into the sham-operation group, the model group, and the treatment groups according to random digit table, 50 in each group. Traumatic brain injury model was established by controlled cortical strike. Rats in the sham-operation group received surgery and anesthesia procedures only, with no strike. Muscone (1.8 mg/kg) was delivered to rats in the treatment group using in situ nasal perfusion, 30 min each time, twice daily for 7 successive days. Water content of brain tissue was detected in each group before intervention (T1), at day 3 of intervention (T2), day 5 of intervention (T3), and after intervention (T4), respectively. Expression levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were detected using immunohistochemical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the sham-operated group, water content of brain tissue increased (P < 0.05), and expression levels of NGF and BDNF decreased in the model group at T1, T2, T3, and T4 (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, water content of brain tissue decreased (P < 0.05), and expression levels of NGF and BDNF increased (P < 0.01) in the treatment group at T1, T2, and T3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nasal administration of muscone could reduce water content of brain tissue, alleviate cerebral edema, promote secretion of BDNF and NGF by olfactory ensheathing cells in traumatic brain injury rats.</p>

Immunosuppression induced by measles virus in adult patients is not related to CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell induction / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate of the relationship of the immunosuppression induced by Measles virus in adult patients and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four patients with measles and 27 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The whole blood was collected and CD4+ CD25+ cell and FoxP3+ cell were analyzed by flow cytometry, and CD4+ CD25- and CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocytes were isolated from PBMCs of patients with measles or healthy donors, CD4+ CD25- T cells were cultured in absence or presence of anti-CD3, or BCG, or live attenuated MV. The cell culture supernatant was collected after 72 hours and the concentration of IFN-gamma and IL-10 was determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to healthy donors, we observed a reduction of the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in patients with measles, but there was not significantly different in the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ T cells and CD4+ CD25high T cells within the total CD4+ population in the blood. Treg from both measles patients and healthy controls significantly inhibited IFN-gamma production by CD4+ CD25- T cells in response to anti-CD3 stimulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Induction and expansion of Treg may not represent a mechanism involved in the establishment of immune suppression by MV.</p>

The associations between polymorphisms of APOBEC3G and different outcomes of persistent HBV infection / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the associations between polymorphisms of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) and different outcomes of HBV infection in the Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six hundred thirty-five chronic hepatitis B patients were divided into 3 groups: 202, 217 and 216 patients were HBV cleared, chronic hepatitis B, and with liver cirrhosis, respectively. Five tagSNPs (rs8177832, rs17000736, rs17496046, rs9622924 and rs2899313) were genotyped by pyrosequencing. HBV viral loads were determined by real-time PCR method. Chi square was used for statistics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The majority of rs8177832 allele was A/A and the frequencies of rs8177832 allele among these groups were not significantly different (P more than 0.05). HBV viral loads were higher in chronic hepatitis B patients with G allele than in chronic hepatitis B patients with A allele (P less than 0.05). The rs17000736 and rs9622924 alleles were found only in G/G and C/C genotypes. There were also no significant differences in the other four SNPs alleles (rs17000736, rs17496046, rs9622924 and rs2899313) in these groups (P more than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>rs8177832, rs17000736, rs17496046, rs17000736 and rs2899313 of the APOBEC3G gene might not be associated with HBV persistent infection in patients in this study. However, the rs8177832 polymorphism may be involved in inhibiting HBV replication.</p>

Lamivudine administration prevents fulminant hepatic failure in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the effect of using lamivudine to prevent fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>164 patients were randomly put into a conventional supporting treatment control group and a lamivudine treatment group. In the latter, 82 patients were given lamivudine orally at a dose of 100 mg every day besides the support care which was also given to the control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of deterioration to chronic severe hepatitis in the lamivudine treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (23.2% vs. 46.3%, P < 0.01). 52.6% (20/38) with chronic severe hepatitis in the control group died. Only 26.3% (5/19) in the lamivudine treatment group succumbed to terminal liver disease (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference between the two groups in regards to the complication incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, infections, hepatic coma, and kidney failure (P < 0.05). In addition, the recovery of liver function and liver fibrosis, and the rates of HBeAg loss and seroconversion in the lamivudine treatment group were better than those in the control group. Furthermore, the serum HBV DNA levels decreased more rapidly and continued to be substantially suppressed in the lamivudine treatment group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results suggest that lamivudine administration with improved support care not only is likely to prevent chronic severe hepatitis occurrence in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B of a severe degree, but also shows some efficacy in preventing FHF.</p>

Determination of tramadol and its active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol in plasma and amniotic fluid using LC/MS/MS / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To determinate tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol in human plasma and amniotic fluid by LC/MS/MS, and distribution of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol in maternity and fetus were studied.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples containing tramadol, O-desmethyltramadol and diphenhydramine (internal standard, IS ) were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction, followed by liquid chromatographic separation and on-line MS/MS using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization as an interface detection. The analytes were detected in the selected reaction monitoring mode.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The calibration curves for tramadol and O-desmethytramadol in plasma and amniotic fluid were linear in the range from 8.0 to 800.0 microg x L(-1) (plasma) and 1.0 to 400.0 microg x L(-1) (amniotic fluid). The method was applied to the measurement of tramadol and O-desmethytramadol concentrations in maternal vein, umbilical vein, umbilical artery and amniotic fluid. Following intramuscular pre-operative administration 1.5 mg x kg(-1) doses of tramadol to parturients, plasma concentrations of tramadol were significantly higher than those in amniotic fluid. The concentrations of O-desmethyltramadol in plasma were lower, and were not detected in amniotic fluid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is shown to be accurate, robust and convenient, and suitable for clinical pharmacokinetics studies of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol.</p>

Protective effect of transection of cervical sympathetic trunk on fetal brain in rats with pregnancy-induced hypertension / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of transection of cervical sympathetic trunk (TCST)on the fetal brain in rats with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH).Methods Thirty-two pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8 each):A control group;B PIH group;C TCST+PIH group and D sham operation+PIH group,PIH was produced by L-NAME 12.5 mg?100g~(-1) given subcutaneously from 14~(th)-20~(th) day of gestation.In group A normal saline was given instead of L-NAME.In group C TCST was performed on the 14~(th) day of gestation and L-NAME was injected asin group B.In group D the cervical sympathetic trunk was only exposed but not cut.Caesarean section was performed and fetus was taken on the 21~(st) day of gestation.The ultrastructure of fetal brain was examined.The content of ATP,ADP and AMP in the fetal brain and the Na~+-K~+-ATPase and Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity in neuronal plasmalemma were determined.Results The ultrastructure of the fetal brain was almost normal in group A and C,but was seriously damaged in group B and D.The ATP and adenylic acid content in the brain tissue and the Na~+-K~+-ATPase and Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity in neuronal plasmalemma were significantly lower in group B and D than in group A and C.Conclusion TCST has protective effect on the fetal brain in rats with PIH by improving energy supply and enhancing pump function of neuron.