ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, nonspecific, inflammatory bowel disease that has not been completely elucidated yet. In recent years, the role of gut flora in the pathogenesis and prognosis of IBD has drawn more and more attention. Fecal Bacterial Transplantation (FMT) referred to transplanting healthy human gut flora into the patient's gastrointestinal tract and reconstitutes a functioning gut flora. Many studies have shown that FMT is effective in treatment of IBD. This brings new hope to IBD patients with poor clinical drug treatment. The applications and precautions of FMT in IBD are reviewed.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene (-33, +45, VNTR, +429, +448) and the susceptibility of silicosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a case-control study, the case group consisted of 101 patients with silicosis, and was matched with the control group (121 workers without silicosis), according to the age, sex, nationality, working place, exposure to dust. The polymorphisms of IL-4 (five locus) detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no difference of age, exposure and smoking between case group and control group (P > 0.05). The two groups had good comparability. Only the GA genotype in the IL-4 (+429) locus was found, the genotypes of AA and GG were not found. The CC genotype in the IL-4 (+448) locus was found, the genotypes of CG and GG were not found. The frequencies of AA, GG and AG of IL-4 (+45) locus in the case and control groups were 55.4%, 10.9%, 33.7% and 62.0%, 11.6%, 26.4%, respectively, there was no the significant difference between case and control groups (P > 0.05). The frequencies of B1B1, B2B2 and B1B2 of IL-4 (VNTR) locus in the case and control groups were 73.3%, 1.0%, 25.7% and 68.6%, 1.7%, 29.8%, respectively, there was no the significant difference between case and control groups (P > 0.05). The frequencies of TT, CC and CT in IL-4 -33 locus in the case group were 55.4%, 11.9% and 32.7%, which were significantly higher than those (69.4%, 4.1%, 26.4%) in control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was no relationship between IL-4 (+45, VNTR) genotypes and prevalence of silicosis in this study. The polymorphisms of IL-4 (+448) site were not found which may be related to the race. The relationship between genetic polymorphism of IL-4 (-33) locus and silicosis development was found, Workers with IL-4 (-33) allele C are susceptible to the silica.</p>