Advantage of cold snare resection for anticoagulant therapy in patients with small colonic polyps / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the safety of cold snare in colon polyps of anticoagulant patients. Finding a safe and convenient way to remove small polyps in the colon in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Methods In our hospital outpatient and inpatient colonoscopy findings of colonic polyps (3 ～ 8 mm diameter) of the 60 patients received anticongulation treatment as the research object, randomly divided into cold trap group and high frequency electrocoagulation group, 30 cases in each, using cold trap technology, high frequency electrocoagulation technology excision of polyps respectively. Comparison of the two groups of patients with polyp location, size, quantity, resection time, intraoperative and postoperative bleeding rate, the rate of complete resection of colonic polyps, sample recovery rate, pathological examination results and pathological specimens in submucosal arteriole injury. Results The average age of the two groups was (46.76 ± 8.52) years, gender, colonoscopy indication, bowel preparation score and ileal intubation success rate differences has no significant difference (P > 0.05), comparable; cold trap group polyps operation time (3.26 ± 0.84) min, the high frequency electrocoagulation group (5.17 ± 1.25) min, the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05); cold trap group polyp complete resection rate was 100.00％ (57/57), high frequency electrocoagulation group was 88.68％ (47/53), the two groups had significant difference (P < 0.05); the average number of the two groups of patients with polyps, polyp diameter, the location, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding and polyps from two weeks of recovery rate showed no significant difference (P > 0.05); the two groups of patients with pathological type and specific differences had no statistically significance (P > 0.05); cold trap group specimens of stick : there was no damage in the arteriole of the submucosa, and 7 cases in the high-frequency electrocoagulation group were impaired, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion For the resection of anticoagulation for patients with high frequency, electric coagulation and cold trap compared to traditional small polyps excised colon has more secure, convenient and accurate pathological and other advantages, but limited to the single center, low sample size conditions, cold trap technology by therapeutic effect and advantages of anticoagulant therapy in patients still need to be further studied.

Targeting c-Myc on cell growth and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in IN500 glioblastoma cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The level of c-Myc is closely associated with high pathological grade and the poor prognosis of gliomas. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important angiogenic factor that potently stimulates the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells. This study aimed to address the biological importance of c-Myc in the development of gliomas, we downregulated the expression of c-Myc in the human glioblastoma cell line IN500 and studied the in vitro effect on cellular growth, proliferation, and apoptosis and the expression of VEGF and the in vivo effect on tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>IN500Δ cells were stably transfected with shRNA-expressing plasmids for either c-Myc (pCMYC-shRNA) or as a control (pCtrl-shRNA). Following establishment of stable cells, the mRNA expressions of c-Myc and VEGF were examined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and c-Myc and VEGF proteins by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Cell-cycle progression and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The in vivo effect of targeting c-Myc was determined by subcutaneous injection of stable cells into immunodeficient nude mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stable transfection of pCMYC-shRNA successfully knocked down the steady-state mRNA and protein levels of c-Myc in IN500, which positively correlated with the downregulation of VEGF. Downregulating c-Myc in vitro also led to G1-S arrest and enhanced apoptosis. In vivo, targeting c-Myc reduced xenograft tumor formation and resulted in significantly smaller tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>c-Myc has multiple functions in glioblastoma development that include regulating cell-cycle, apoptosis, and VEGF expression. Targeting c-Myc expression may be a promising therapy for malignant glioma.</p>

The regulating role of mutant IkappaBalpha in expression of TIMP-2 and MMP-9 in human glioblastoma multiform / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Our previous studies demonstrated that mutant IkappaBalpha (IkappaBalphaM) inhibited the occurrence, growth and angiogenesis of human glioblastoma multiform (GBM). However, the specific mechanism by which IkappaBalphaM regulates protein-degrading enzymes secreted from GBM to inhibit invasion and metastasis has remained unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory role and significance of IkappaBalphaM genes in the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in human GBM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We established the following four GBM cell lines stably expressing IkappaBalphaM by plasmid construction, gene transfection and screening for IkappaBalphaM protein expression: mutant IkappaBalpha-transfected cells (G36Delta-M), wild-type IkappaBalpha-transfected cells (G36Delta-W), empty plasmid transfected cells (G36Delta-P) and untransfected cells (G36Delta). The TIMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Tumor cells were then implanted subcutaneously into nude mice to establish an animal model of ectopic tumor growth, and TIMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was determined by immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that there was a significant increase in TIMP-2 expression and a significant decrease in MMP-9 expression in the G36Delta-M group at both the RNA and protein levels compared with the G36Delta-W group, G36Delta-P group and G36Delta group. Similar results were observed in the immunohistochemical staining analysis of tumor tissues. In the G36Delta-M group, TIMP-2 expression was significantly higher while MMP-9 expression was significantly lower than in the other three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings indicate that IkappaBalphaM inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB. It significantly up-regulates TIMP-2 expression in human malignant glioma cells and down-regulates the expression of MMP-9. Thus, IkappaBalphaM maintains the integrity of the extracellular matrix and further inhibits the growth and metastasis of tumor tissues.</p>