Research progress on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

Osteoarthritis(OA) is a common clinical disease. The incidence of OA increases significantly with age, and the quality of life of patients is seriously affected. In the pathogenesis of OA, cartilage degeneration is the main cause. There are many long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) specifically expressed in osteoarthritis, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Based on the latest research from 2014 to 2019, this paper summarizes the differential expression of lncRNA in osteoarthritis, the mechanism of lncRNA regulating chondrocyte function, and the mechanism of lncRNA regulating cartilage matrix metabolism. The fact that the expression of lncRNA is altered at different stages of OA development indicates that lncRNA can be developed forlife. The biomarkers and therapeutic targets can provide reference for the prevention, treatment and research of osteoarthritis.

Clinical study of temperature contrast injection procedure in prevention of bone cement leakage during vertebroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of temperature contrast injection procedure on prevention and reduction of bone cement leakage in vertebroplasty (PVP).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 42 patients(48 vertebral bodies) with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs) treated from July 2014 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 23 females, aged from 62 to 80 years old with an average of 72 years. The vertebral fracture segment was T₈-L₅, including 30 lumbar vertebrae and 18 thoracic vertebrae. The course of the disease ranged from 3 d to 2 months. Twenty cases (20 vertebral bodies) were treated by single vertebroplasty (group A) and 22 cases (28 vertebral bodies) were treated by temperature contrast injection procedure(group B). The operative time, amount of bone cement injection, VAS score at 3 days after surgery, leakage rate and refracture rate were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#The operative time, amount of bone cement injection and VAS score at 3 days after surgery in group B were (40.05±7.78) min, (3.93±0.19) ml, (3.55±0.74) points, respectively, and in group A were(38.90±6.81) min, (4.03±0.24) ml, (4.05±1.00) points, there was no significant difference between two groups(>0.05). The leakage rate in group B was lower than that in group A (9.1% vs 40.0%, 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Temperature contrast injection procedure is an effective method to reduce the bone cement leakage in vertebroplasty.

A clinical application of magnetic resonance imaging combined with the diagnosis of bone scanning in bone tumors of knee / 中国医学装备

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with the diagnosis of bone scanning in bone tumors of knee. Methods: 70 patients with bone tumor of knee were enrolled in the research. And all of them were divided into MRI group (37 cases), bone scanning group (14 cases) and combined detection group (19 cases) according to different imageological examination mode when they were hospitalized. These images of imageological examination and pathological results were collected, and lesion property, lesion boundary, lesion range, invasiveness of lesion and homogeneousness of lesion interior in the images were analyzed and researched. The diagnostic values of various examination technique for bone tumor of knee were compared. Results:The diagnostic accordance rates of benign and malignant bone tumor of knee in the combined group were 100% and 92.86%, and they were 76.4% and 70% in MRI group, and they were 57.14% and 85.71% in bone scanning group. And the difference of diagnostic accordance rate between MRI group and bone scanning group was not significant (x2=2.336, P>0.05). The differences of diagnostic accordance rates of benign and malignant bone tumor of knee between MRI group and combined detection group were significant (x2=2.936, x2=3.524, P<0.05), respectively. And the diagnostic accordance rates of benign and malignant bone tumor of knee between bone scanning group and combined detection group also were significant (x2=3.718, x2=2.947, P<0.05), respectively. Besides, the differences of lesion boundary, lesion range and homogeneousness of lesion interior among the three group were significant (x2=4.001, x2=3.695, x2=2.852, P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The combination of MRI and bone scanning examination can partially increase the diagnostic efficiency at early stage for bone tumor of knee, and provide more comprehensive and more reliable image data for clinical practice. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve the prognosis of patients and it has higher application value in clinical practice.

Identifying Novel B Cell Epitopes within Toxoplasma gondii GRA6

The study of antigenic epitopes from Toxoplasma gondii has not only enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of antigens, the reactions between antigens and antibodies, and many other aspects of immunology, but it also plays a significant role in the development of new diagnostic reagents and vaccines. In the present study, T. gondii GRA6 epitopes were identified using bioinformatics tools and a synthetic peptide technique. The potential B cell epitopes of GRA6 predicted by bioinformatics tools concentrated upon 3 regions of GRA6, 1-20 aa, 44-103 aa, and 172-221 aa. Ten shorter peptides from the 3 regions were synthesized and assessed by ELISA using pig sera from different time points after infection. Three of the 10 peptides (amino acids 44-63, 172-191, and 192-211) tested were recognized by all sera and determined to be immunodominant B-cell epitopes of GRA6. The results indicated that we precisely and accurately located the T. gondii GRA6 epitopes using pig sera collected at different time points after infection. The identified epitopes may be very useful for further studies of epitope-based vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

Case-control study on therapeutic effects of different fixation methods with three Kirschners wires for the treatment of humeral supracondylar fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare therapeutic effects of three fixation methods with three Kirschner wires,and to find the best fixation method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2008 to May 2009, 60 patients with humeral supracondylar fractures were treated. Among patients in Group A, 11 patients were male and 9 patients were female, ranging from 2 to 13 years old,with an average of (5.4 +/- 0.5)years;all the patients in Group A were fresh closed fractures without nerve and blood vessel injuries, 13 patients were type II and 7 patients were type III according to Gartland classification; and all the patients in Group A were treated by three Kirschner wires fixation with the third Kirschner different wire fixed through radial edge of coronoid fossa. Among patients in Group B, 13 patients were male and 7 patients were female,ranging from 2 to 11 years old, with an average of (6.1 +/- 0.4) years; all the patients in Group B were fresh closed fractures without blood vessel injuries, 11 patients were type II and 9 patients were type III according to Gartland classification, 2 patients had ulnar nerve injuries before treatment; and all the patients in Group B were treated by three Kirschner wires fixation with the third Kirschner different wire fixed through ulnar edge of coronoid fossa. Among patients in Group C, 8 patients were male and 12 patients were female, ranging from 3 to 14 years old, with an average of (7.4 +/- 0.6) years; all the patients in Group C were closed fresh fractures without blood vessel injuries, 7 patients were type II and 13 patients were type III according to Gartland classification, 2 patients had radial nerve injuries before treatment; and all the patients in Group C were treated by three Kirschner wires fixation with the third Kirschner different wire fixed through middle of coronoid fossa. After 1 year of treatment,the Carrying and Baumann angles were measured on the X-ray of all patients in the three groups, and the motion range of elbow joint was observed. The Flynn evaluation criteria were used to compare therapeutic effects among the three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up. The function loss of elbow joint were (14.04 +/- 3.25) degrees in Group A, (13.14 +/- 2.34) degrees in Group B, and (9.25 +/- 2.56) degrees in Group C. Changes of Carrying angle were (7.64 +/- 1.78) degrees in Group A; (7.38 +/- 1.68) degrees in Group B, and (5.27 +/- 1.13) degrees in Group C. Changes of Baumann angle were (28.55 +/- 3.23) degrees in Group A, (27.55 +/- 2.23) degrees in Group B, (21.45 +/- 1.73) degrees in Group C. According to Flynn criteria, there were 11 patients got excellent result, 4 good and 5 poor in Group A; in Group B, 12 patients got excellent result, 3 good and 5 poor; in Group C, 11 patients got excellent result, 6 good and 3 poor. The therapeutic effects of Group C was better than those of Group A and Group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are different effects among three kinds of operative approaches for the humerus supracondylar fractures. The fixation method with one Kirschner wire through middle part of coronoid fossa is better than the other two fixation methods.</p>

Establishment of lymphocyte cell lines with abnormal chromosome karyotypes and its application in external quality assesment for chromosome karyotype analysis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop chromosome abnormal karyotype quality control cell and to explore the external quality assessment (EQA) method for chromosome karyotype analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The chromosome abnormal karyotype quality control cells were prepared by EB virus (EBV) transfection of human B lymphocyte strain establishment and were distributed to participating labs for EQA test of chromosome karyotype analysis project at appointed time. The evaluation results were obtained through 4 grades scoring.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six kinds of chromosome abnormal karyotype quality control cells were initially developed, the karyotypes of which were 46,X, t(Y;5)(q12;q21), 46, XY, 15p +, 46, XX, t(13;18)(q12;q21), 46, X, r(Xp), 46,X,t(Y;Y), 46,XX,t(9;20)(p13;p13) respectively. In the external quality assessment, feedbacks from the participating labs on the sequencing results of the six kinds of quality control cells showed that the wholly overlapping rate were 82.1%, 92.0%, 84.6%, 80.8%, 86.2%, 74.1% and the wholly deviation rate were 10.7%, 8.0%, 11.5%, 19.2%, 13.8%, 18.5%. The overall wholly overlapping rate, partial overlapping rate, partial deviation rate and wholly deviation rate turned out to be 83.2%, 0.6%, 2.5% and 13.7% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The misdiagnose rate of chromosome karyotype analysis is rather high and regular external quality assessment is necessary to achieve dynamic information and improve diagnosis quality.</p>

Pedicle screw fixation with translaminar facet joint screws for the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of Cotrel-Dubeusset (CD) instrumentation combined with translaminar facet joint screw (TLS) in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of six L(2)-L(4) spines were used to establish unstable fracture model with three-dimensional range of motion (ROM) of the spines measured. Fixation with CD and fixation with CD combined with translaminar facet joint screw were achieved to compare their stability. Thirty cases of thoracolumbar fracture, in whom the anterior edge of vertebral body was compressed to 59% and the posterior edge compressed to 88%, were treated by pedicle screw fixation combined with TLS. Among them, 19 received posterolateral or anterior-posterior bone grafting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was significant difference in ROM between the two techniques except that in extension. In Group CD+TLS, ROM was 5.38% lower, lateral bending 4.91% lower and axial rotation 11.85% lower than those in Group CD respectively. In the clinical group, the average anterior edge restored to 97% and posterior edge to 98%. The duration of follow-up was 5-24 months (mean, 10 months). The rate of correction loss on the anterior edge was 4.5%. Among the 19 cases of bone grafting, all of them achieved bony fusion (mean fusion time, 4.3 month) with a correction loss rate of 3.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture, pedicle screw fixation combined with TLS can strengthen the stability of pedicle screws, especially anti-rotation stability and enhance fusion rate and reduce correction loss.</p>

Development of duplex TaqMan PCR assay for detection of specific gene sequence from Bacillus anthracis / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To establish a rapid assay with high sensitivity and specificity based on the sequences for group specific gene (GS) and pathogenicity island pag A gene.Methods The PCR primers and probes were designed after the whole sequence was systemically analyzed with bio-informafion tools and blasted with Genebank database.The amplicons were inserted into plasmids so that they could be used as the standard templates to evaluate the sensitivity of the diagnostic system.This assay was based on TaqMan probes and portable Smartcycle PCR machine.Results The detection level was approximately 100 copies per reaction.There was no cross-reaction with other species of Bacillus.This assay could be completed in one hour in laboratory.Conclusion The duplex TaqMan PCR assay could be used to detect Bacillus anthracis rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity.