Role of Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein-1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor-2/Antioxidant Responsive Element Signal Pathway for Multiple Sclerosis (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, mainly due to the activation of the T cells, which makes oxidative stress reaction in brain and leads to demyelination finally. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) signal pathway is one of the most important endogenous antioxidant pathways, which promotes the expression of detoxification enzymes and antioxidant protein to eliminate oxygen free radicals and balance intracellular redox system. Activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE may delay the progression of MS by drugs or rehabilitation.

Effects of Isokinetic Flexion and Extension Training at Different Angular Velocities on Core Muscles of Patients with Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of isokinetic muscle strength training at different angular velocities on the core muscles of patients with low back pain, and to find out the better angular velocity. Methods:From January, 2016 to June, 2018, 60 patients with chronic low back pain were randomly divided into three groups, with 20 cases in each group. Group A (control group) only received routine rehabilitation therapy. Additionally, groups B and C received isokinetic muscle strength training at 30°/s and 90°/s, respectively, three times a week for four weeks. They were measured peak torque and average power before and after training. Results:After training, the peak torques and powers of both flexor and extensor were higher in groups B and C than in group A (P < 0.05), the peak torques of both flexor and extensor were lower in group C than in group B (P < 0.05), however, no significant difference was found in powers of both flexor and extensor between groups B and C (P > 0.05). After training, the score of VAS decreased in groups B and C (t > 4.098, P < 0.01), and was lower in groups B and C than in group A (P < 0.05), however, no significant difference was found between groups B and C (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Isokinetic muscle strength training could increase the peak torque and power of trunk flexor and extensor in patients with low back pain, in which lower angular velocity (30°/s) has a better effect.

Characteristics of Trunk Muscles in Isokinetic Training at Different Velocities / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To study the presentation and changes of trunk flexors and extensors in isokinetic training at different velocities. Methods:From March to September, 2018, 27 health volunteers were enrolled. Their peak torques of trunk flexors and extensors at 30°/s, 60°/s, and 90°/s were collected. Results:The peak torques of trunk flexors and extensors slightly decreased with the increasing of velocities, but no significant difference was found (F < 2.070, P > 0.05). At 30°/s and 60°/s, the peak torque of extensors was higher than that of flexors (t > 3.138, P < 0.01); at 90°/s, no significant difference was found in the peak torque between flexors and extensors (t = -0.946, P > 0.05). The ratios of the peak torque of flexors to extensors were 0.79∶1 both at 30°/s and 60°/s. The peak torque of flexors decreased in the tenth contraction compared with the second contraction at all the angular velocities, however, it was significantly different only at 30°/s (t = 5.159, P < 0.01); meanwhile, the peak torque of extensors increased with significance only at 60°/s (t = -2.142, P < 0.05). Conclusion:At 30°/s and 60°/s, there might be a linear relation between trunk flexors and extensors, and the peak torque ratios of trunk flexors to extensors were approximately the same.

Application Progress of Isokinetic Muscle Strength Test in Trunk Core Muscles (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Isokinetic muscle strength test has been applied to athletes, healthy people and patients with muscular dystrophy, and some results have been achieved. However, due to the different parts, purposes, intensity and methods of training, the information integration are unclear, lacking a complete overview of clinical application of isokinetic muscle test and training. This paper mainly reviewed the current research status of isokinetic muscle strength test and training in various fields of trunk muscle group, including low back pain, stroke, and sports medicine, etc. In addition, the indexes and influencing factors of trunk muscle group and core muscle group were briefly constructed, and some common research methods were integrated.

Effects of pulsed magnetic field on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in cerebrospinal fluid and effects of IGF-1 on functional recovery / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of pulsed magnetic field on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the association of IGF-1 alterations with the activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with brain injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-five patients with brain injury were divided randomly into the control group (n=30) and magnetic therapy group (n=35), both receiving conventional therapy and in the latter group, daily pulsed magnetic field treatment (20-40 mT, 50 Hz, 20 min per time, 1 time per day) for 14 consecutive days were administered. On the first and 14th days of the treatment, 2 ml CSF was collected from the cases patients for IGF-1 measurement by radioimmunoassay, and Barthel index (BI) was used to assess the ADL of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After a 14-day treatment, IGF-1 level in the CSF were significantly increased in the magnetic group in comparison with the level before the treatment and with those in the control group (P<0.05). IGF-1 in the CSF underwent no significant changes in the control group (P>0.05). The scores of BI increased significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.01), but the increment was more obvious in the magnetic therapy group (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between IGF-1 level in the CSF and BI in these patients (r=0.283, P=0.022).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pulsed magnetic field might increase IGF-1 level in the CSF of patients with brain injury to promote the recovery of the patients ADL, suggesting its potential clinical value in the treatment of brain injury.</p>

Effects of infrasound therapy on proliferation, apoptosis and ultrastructure of human B lymphoma Raji cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of infrasound therapy on the proliferation, apoptosis and ultrastructure of human B lymphoma Raji cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human B lymphoma Raji cells were exposed to infrasound treatment for 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min and cultured subsequently for 24 or 48 h. MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis, and electron microscopy were performed to examine the proliferative status, cell apoptosis and ultrastructural changes of the exposed cells, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT assay revealed no significant changes in the proliferation of the cells exposed to infrasound treatment (P>0.05), nor did flow cytometry analysis identified significant variation in the cell apoptosis (P>0.05). Scanning electron microscopy, however, identified shortened or reduced cell processes and microvilli on the surface of the cells with infrasound exposure and a subsequent 24-hour culture, and the cell membrane surface became smooth. Under transmission electron microscope, the cells with infrasound treatment presented with significantly reduced microvilli, and the cell nuclei appeared homogeneous, with cytoplasmic budding and losses after a 48-hour culture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Infrasound less than 90 dB does not obviously affect the proliferation and apoptosis of Raji cells, but may directly cause cell ultrastructural changes such as reduction of the cell processes.</p>

Infrared radiation and magnetic field therapy ameliorates cartilage damage in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of infrared radiation and magnetic field therapy on cartilage damage in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Knee osteoarthritis was induced in 24 adult New Zealand rabbits by prolonged fixation of the knee joint in extension for 6 weeks. The rabbits were subsequently randomized into control group (without treatment), infrared therapy group, magnetic field therapy group and the combined infrared and magnetic field therapy group. At the end of the first, second and third weeks of the therapy, respectively, 2 rabbits from each group were sacrificed to observe the general changes and histopathology of the condylar cartilage of the femur, and the findings were assessed using Mankin scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with other groups, the rabbits in the combined therapy group showed significantly milder cartilage damage (including injury of the cartilage surface and chondrocyte's proliferation and disarrangement) with significantly lower Mankin scores (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the findings between the two groups with exclusive infrared or magnetic field therapy (P>0.1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined infrared and magnetic field therapy can effectively alleviate cartilage destruction, shortens the disease course and enhance the therapeutic effects in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis.</p>

Nestin activation after rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its changes in response to Tongxinluo treatment / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate nestin activation in rat brain subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury and its changes in response to Tongxinluo treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cerebral ischemia was induced by temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. At 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after MCAO, nestin expression in the ependyma, subventricular zone (SVZ), hippocampal subdentate gyrus zone (HDG) of the rats treated with Tongxinluo were guantified by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the sham operation group, nestin was significantly increased 7, 14 and 21 days after MCAO (P<0.05), and immunofluorescence of BrdU+nestin-positive neurons significantly increased in the SVZ. After treatment with Tongxinluo, the number of BrdU-positive neurons and BrdU+nestin-positive neurons significantly increased as compared with MCAO group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Focal cerebral ischemia in the rat results in rapid response and proliferation of neural stem cells in the SVZ and HDG in the ischemic hemisphere, and Tongxinluo may enhance the differentiation and proliferation capacity of the neural stem cells after MCAO.</p>

Effect of Infrared Radiation and Magnetic Fields on Synovitis of Rabbit with Knee Osteoarthritis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of infrared radiation and magnetic fields on the synovitis of rabbit with experimental knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsTwenty-four New Zealand grown rabbits were duplicated for OA model of the knee by extended fixation technique, and after 6 weeks, all rabbits were unchained from fixation. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group (no treatment), infrared group (treated with infrared radiation ), magnet-therapy group (treated with magnetic fields ) and the combined therapy group (treated with infrared radiation and magnetic fields). At the ends of the first, second and third week after treatment, 2 rabbits in each group were taken to measure the general change and histopathology of their synovium.ResultsCompared with other groups, the severity of synovitis (include the synovium line cells proliferation, the invading of granulation and blood vessels in the underlayer of synovium, the infiltration of inflammatory cells) declined significantly in combined therapy group. Scores of Ayral's index of combined group were significantly lower than other groups ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between infrared group and magnet-therapy group ( P>0.05).ConclusionThe combination of infrared radiation and magnetic fields can efficiently suppress the synovitis of OA and alleviate the tissue's destructions.

Development of Chinese Software of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo develop the manipulation and scoring system of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) into a Chinese software.MethodsThe manual manipulation and scoring system of LOTCA was developed into a technological procedure and changed into primary product of software through conforming computer programs such as Basic, C, C++ and Flash Maker. The primary product was tested in clinic and feedback suggestions were collected. The questions found during assessment and items with reliability and validity not satisfied were optimized.ResultsThe Chinese software of LOTCA, including mandarin and Cantonese, composed manipulation system, scoring system, administer system and affiliated system. It could run on systems of Windows 2000 and Windows XP.ConclusionThe Chinese software of LOTCA is objective, standard and convenient for clinic.

Effects of acupuncture on TCD and BAEP in the patient of vertebrobasilar insufficiency / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore mechanisms of acupuncture in treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty cases of vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) were divided into an acupuncture group and a routine treatment group, 20 cases in each group. The acupuncture group were treated by routine treatment plus acupuncture. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment were determined to investigate the effects of acupuncture on blood flow velocity and brain electrophysiology in the patient of VBI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment, the blood velocity of vertebral artery and vertebrobasilar artery at bilateral sides in the patient of VBI decreased as compared with the control group, and the abnormal rate of TCD was 75.0% (30/40) and the abnormal rate of BAEP was 70.0% (28/40), characterized with brainstem abnormality type; after treatment, the blood velocity in the two groups was improved and the abnormal rate of TCD was 47.5% (19/40), and the abnormal rate of BEAP was 45.0% (18/40). The nerve conduction of the two groups was improved, the peak latency of V wave and interpeak latency of III-V and I -V in the acupuncture group were improved significantly as compared with the routine treatment group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture can improve the blood velocity of vertebrobasilar artery and the nerve conduction function of brainstem in the patient of vertebrobasilar insufficiency.</p>

Clinical study of standing bed for the orthostatic hypotension after cervical spinal cord injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of standing bed on orthostatic hypotension with cervical spinal cord injury. Methods36 patients with cervical spinal cord injury were divided randomly into the standing bed group and routine treatment group. The blood pressure of all patients were measured every day during rehabilitation treatment. The function of spinal cord was assessed before and after treatment.ResultsThe function of sensory and motor in the two groups were all improved, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups in the grades of spinal cord function. There were 27 patients who had orthostatic hypotension in the study. All the patients with complete spinal cord injury suffered the orthostatic hypotension. There was no improvement in blood pressure of complete spinal cord injury after treatment. In incomplete spinal cord injury patients, there was a significant improvement and the difference of blood presure between lying and standing was decreased in standing bed group after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with routine treatment group, the blood pressure in standing bed group was improved (P<0.05). Conclusions Cervical spinal cord injury could have orthostatic hypotension. Complete spinal cord injury would suffer orthostatic hypotension in different degree. The standing bed treatment could improve the orthostatic hypotension in incomplete spinal cord injury.

Effect of Nimodipine on hemorrheology and BAEP in the patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Nimodipine on the hemorrheology and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in the patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) and to explore the mechanism.Methods50 cases with VBI were divided into Nimodipine group (25 cases) and routine therapy group (25 cases). The hemorrheology and BAEP were measured before the treatment and 1 month later.ResultsThe blood viscosity,including the whole blood viscosity shear value, plasma viscosity and blood fat of patients with VBI was increased. The total abnormity rate of BAEP was 76%. The main abnormity was brainstem type. The hemorrheology and the function of nerve conduction were improved distinctly (P<0.05) after treatment. Compared with the routine therapy group, the level of plasma viscosity was decreased markedly (P<0.05) in Nimodipine group, and peak latency of V wave, interpeak latency of III-V and I-V were also improved significantly (P<0.05).Conclusions Nimodipine can improve the hemorrheology and the function of nerve conduction in patients with VBI.

Effect and prognosis of nimodipine on the patients with severe traumatic brain injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect and prognosis of nimodipine on severe traumatic brain injury. Methods64 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were divided into the nimodipine group(32 cases) and the routine treatment group(32 cases). The Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) was assessed before and after the treatment. The Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and cognitive ability were evaluated in clear-headed patients. After 6 months follow-up, the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Bathel index and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score were carried on.ResultsIn both of the two groups, GCS score were increased distinctively after treatment. The MMSE score in nimodipine group was higher than that of routine treatment group. There was no statistic difference in GOS and ADL between two groups after 6 months, but MMSE in nimodipine group was higher than that of routine treatment group. Conclusions Nimodipine could be helpful in cognitive function. The prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury lied on the degree of cerebral damage.