ABSTRACT
The strain JPL-2, capable of degrading fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE), was isolated from the soil of a wheat field and identified as Rhodococcus ruber. This strain could utilize FE as its sole carbon source and degrade 94.6% of 100 mg L−1 FE in 54 h. Strain JPL-2 could also degrade other aryloxyphenoxy propanoate (AOPP) herbicides. The initial step of the degradation pathway is to hydrolyze the carboxylic acid ester bond. A novel esterase gene feh, encoding the FE-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase (FeH) responsible for this initial step, was cloned from strain JPL-2. Its molecular mass was approximately 39 kDa, and the catalytic efficiency of FeH followed the order of FE > quizalofop-P-ethyl > clodinafop-propargyl > cyhalofop-butyl > fluazifop-P-butyl > haloxyfop-P-methyl > diclofop-methy, which indicated that the chain length of the alcohol moiety strongly affected the hydrolysis activity of the FeH toward AOPP herbicides.
Subject(s)
Carboxylesterase/genetics , Carboxylesterase/metabolism , Herbicides/metabolism , Oxazoles/metabolism , Propionates/metabolism , Rhodococcus/isolation & purification , Rhodococcus/metabolism , Biotransformation , Cloning, Molecular , Cluster Analysis , Carboxylesterase/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Weight , Phylogeny , /genetics , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Rhodococcus/enzymology , Rhodococcus/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Soil Microbiology , Substrate Specificity , Triticum/growth & developmentABSTRACT
116 cases of facial pigmented spots were treated by the needle-embedding method in Uterus (MA-TF). EarShenmen (MA-TF1), Endocrine (MA-IC3) and Lung (MA-IC1) as the main points and the additional points selected based upon pattern identification. All cases were cured.