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Cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) is a major comorbidity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical characteristics and outcomes remain unclear. In this study, 102 cases of COVID-19 from January 22, 2020 to March 26, 2020 in Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou were included. Twenty cases had pre-existing CCVD. Results showed that compared with non-CCVD patients, those with CCVD are more likely to develop severe disease (15% versus 1%), and the proportion of pneumonia severity index grade IV was significantly higher (25% versus 3.6%). Computed tomography images demonstrated that the proportion of multiple lobe lesion involvement was significantly higher in the CCVD group than in the non-CCVD group (90% versus 63.4%). Compared with non-CCVD group, the levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and serum amyloid-A were higher, whereas the total protein and arterial partial PaO
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Humans , COVID-19 , Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology , Comorbidity , SARS-CoV-2 , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of high glucose and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the immune function of in vitro cultured macrophages during Nocardia farcinica infection. Meth-ods RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro under different conditions as follows: routine culture (control group),50 mmol/L glucose (high glucose group),10 mg/L LPC(LPC groupⅠ),25 mg/L LPC (LPC groupⅡ) and 50 mmol/L glucose+25 mg/L LPC(high glucose and LPC group). The activity of mac-rophages in each group was tested after 6,12,24 and 36 h of culture. After 24 h of culture, macrophages were collected from every group and co-cultured with Nocardia farcinica. Dynamic phagocytosis rates were detected at 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 h after co-culture. Toxic effects of Nocardia farcinica on macrophages and concentrations of IL-10 and TNF-α were measured at 1,3 and 6 h after co-culture. Results Macrophages in all four experimental groups showed decreased activity as compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Phagocytosis of Nocardia farcinica by macrophages was also reduced by high glucose and LPC. Phagocytosis rates of high glucose group and LPC groupⅡ at 1 and 2 h,LPC groupⅠat 1,2 and 3 h,and high glucose and LPC group at 1,2,3 and 4 h after co-culture were significantly lower than that of the con-trol group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group, significantly reduced toxic effects on macrophages caused by Nocardia farcinica was observed in the experimental groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group,LPC groupsⅠand Ⅱ and high glucose and LPC group had decreased se-cretion of IL-10 at 3 h,and high glucose group and LPC groupⅠhad decreased secretion of TNF-α at 1 h(P<0.05). Conclusion Culture macrophages under the conditions of high glucose and LPC would reduce their activity and impair their ability to phagocytose Nocardia farcinica. Moreover, high glucose and LPC might have impacts on the toxic effects of Nocardia farcinica on macrophages and the secretion of IL-10 and TNF-α.
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The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution theory is an important means to reveal the host′s genetic characteristics from the perspective of TCM. The types of constitution can influence liver pathological changes and the prognosis of disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and to a certain degree, they are associated with the polymorphisms of genes involved in immunoregulation, for example, human leukocyte antigen(HLA) class Ⅱ gene. Yin-deficiency constitution is associated with various adverse clinical outcomes, as well as the genotypes of genes including HLA-DQA1*0501. Preliminary data also show that the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with yin-deficiency constitution have a poor response to interferon therapy. This article reviews the current application of TCM constitution theory in the diagnosis and treatment of CHB, its potential value, and existing problems.
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Objective To evaluate the association of Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 protein expressions in tissue with liver fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infections.Methods Liver biopsy was performed to determine the liver fibrosis grades in 131 cases of chronic HBV infections.Immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative analysis were applied to detect the expression of Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 proteins in liver tissues.Results Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 were detected mainly in fibrous septum,portal areas,myofibroblasts,sinus and cytoplasm in the liver tissue.The expression of Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 was increased with the development of fibrosis ( r =0.81,0.58and 0.68,P =0.000),and a strong positive correlation was observed among three proteins (r =0.75,0.87and 0.84,P =0.000).Conclusion The expression of Smad2/3,Smad4 and P-Smad3 is correlated with liver fibrosis in chronic HBV infection,which suggests that the up-regulation of Smad proteins may be involved in the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of anti-HBV placenta transfer factor injection to liver cirrhosis.Methods 193 cases of liver cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B are administrated anti-HBV placenta transfer factor.The main clinical symptoms and signs(weakness,hepatalgia,hepatosplenomegaly),the biochemical markers such as liver function(ALT,AST,serum total protein,albumin,total bilirubin,A/G),blood routine,fibrosis markers(HA、LN、PⅢP、PIVP),and serum protein electrophoresis before and after 24 weeks treatment were analysed.Results The main clinical symptoms and signs,liver function,blood routine,fibrosis markers,serum protein electrophoresis were significantly improved after 24 weeks of treatment.(P
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Objective To study the preventive and therapeutic effects and the mechanism of Chinese traditional compound medicine to subcilincal hepatic encephalopathy(SHE)induced by endotoxin in liver cirrhotic rats.Methods The liver cirrhosis model of rats were made in subcutaneous injection of 40% carbon tetrachloride,the SHE model was made by infused with endotoxin into the tail vein.Treatment group was given low dose or moderate dose or high dose of Chinese traditional compound medicine,Control group was treated with lactulose.The morbidity of SHE,hepatic function,blood ammonium(BA),endotoxin,liver tissue pathology were observed.Results Above indexes were improved by every group of Chinese traditional compound medicine.The curative effect of moderate and high group of Chinese traditional compound medicine to the hepatic function,BA,endotoxin,liver tissue pathology were better than that of lactulose.Conclusions The effects of the Chinese traditional compound medicines(compose of Polygonum cuspidatum,raw hawthornfruit,seed of Zizyphus jujuba Mill,Mongolian Dandelion Herb and Rhizoma Acoori Graminei)in SHE prevention and treatment is significant.Its mechanism might be as follows:① recovering liver function,decreasing inflammatory changes of liver tissue;② preventing the absorption of BA,lowering the content of BA;③ reducing the sensitivity of the body to endotoxin.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of Chinese traditional compound medicine on subcilincal hepatic encephalopathy(SHE).Methods 52 patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by SHE were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The patients of control group received conventional hepatoprotection treatment,and the patients of treatment group were given conventional treatment and Chinese traditional compound medicines.Number connection test(NCT),electroencephalogram(EEG),liver function,blood ammonia were investigated after 2 weeks of treatment.Results The number connection test (NCT),electroencephalogram (EEG),liver function,blood ammonia were significantly improved in the treatment group than that in the control group(P
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AIM:To study the affect of two kind preparations of ammonium glycyrrhizinate on serum extracellular matrix level of chronic viral hepatitis. METHODS: Seventy patients with chronic viral hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups. The first group of 41 patients (M36,F5;age 47a±s 13a) was treated with diammonium glycyrrhizinate 0.15 g, iv, gtt, qd×30 d. The second group of 29 patients (M23,F6; age 48a±12a) was treated with monoamonium glycyrrhizinate 0.2 g iv, gtt, qd×30 d. Serum ECM levels were assayed using RIA method. RESULTS: After treatment the serum ECM levels of both groups reduced remarkably and there was no differance in the reduction of serum ECM levels of the two groups except LN (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Both preparations of glycyzzhizinate have the efficacy to reduce serum ECM level of chronic viral hepatitis patients and play some role in anti-hepatic fibrosis. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate is more potent than monoammonium glycyrrhizinate.