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With the development of modern society, the incidence rate of cervicogenic headache (CEH) in the population is younger and increasing year by year. CEH is a common and unique form of headache, characterized by inflammation or physiological changes in cervical structures such as bones, intervertebral discs, or soft tissues, resulting in chronic, unilateral head pain as the main manifestation of the syndrome. The nature of pain often manifests as involving pain. The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of CEH has gradually become a research hotspot in this field. This article reviews recent domestic and foreign literature on CEH and reviews the latest research progress of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment in cervical headache.
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The abnormal lipids metabolism is a critical pathological feature of coronary heart disease (CHD). Additional supplemental intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) has long been considered to be an effective strategy for preventing CHD, but more and more clinical trials have denied this view. Still, it is ambiguity for the specific mechanism of PUFA in CHD. The experimental programs are compliant with ethical principles for animal use and have been approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Jinan University. In the present study, we established an animal model by intake of omega-6 PUFA combined acute myocardial ischemia to explore the mechanism of CHD. Intragastric administration of linoleic acid (LA) for 14 days, intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO) was applied to induce acute myocardial ischemia for the animal model establishment. The animal ultrasound imaging system was used to detect cardiac function in vivo after ISO injection for 24 h. Serum and heart tissue samples were collected for the myocardial enzyme, phospholipidomics analysis and molecular biological detection. Compared to the LA group, the cardiac function showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF%) and the left ventricular shortening fraction (FS%) decreased, aspaetate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in the LA + ISO mice. Compared to the ISO group, the phospholipidomics analysis showed that the PUFAs significantly were raised in the LA + ISO myocardium, and the content of oxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (ox-PE) changed most remarkable. Compared with the ISO group, the molecular biology detection showed that glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were depleted, the end-products of ox-PE were increased, and the level of arachidonic acid 12/15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) protein expression increased obviously. We suggest that ALOX15 mediated phospholipid peroxidation might be the critical mechanism of LA increased the susceptibility of myocardial ischemia injury. This study provides an experimental basis for whether PUFA could be used as an alternative treatment strategy for CHD prevention and provides a new intervention target for the early prevention strategy of CHD.
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There are many different opinions on dose conversion of famous classical formulas from Treatise on Febrile Diseases or Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which has become a difficult point in research and development of famous classical formulas. At present, the clinical application dose of Banxia Houpotang is similar to the viewpoint that 1 Liang is equivalent to 3 g, in order to provide scientific basis for this conversion method, this paper systematically evaluated the effectiveness of Banxia Houpotang in intervening globus hystericus. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Banxia Houpotang in intervening globus hystericus from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine (CBM), Web of Science and PubMed databases were collected online, the retrieval time was from inception to April 1, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 17 RCTs involving 1 575 patients were included. The effective rate [relative risk (RR)=1.24, 95%confidence interval (CI) (1.18, 1.30), P<0.000 01] and the curative rate [RR=1.76, 95%CI (1.45, 2.15), P<0.000 01] of Banxia Houpotang in intervening globus hystericus were all better than the control group. Current evidence shows that Banxia Houpotang under the conversion of 3 g in 1 Liang has a significant effect on intervention of globus hystericus. Due to the limitations of quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies, but the author suggests that such dose conversion should be considered in the research and development of famous classical formulas.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) combined with thin-section CT improves the diagnostic performance for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 267 patients underwent examinations withF-FDG PET/CT and thin-section CT for evaluating the SPNs with undetermined nature, which was further confirmed by pathological examination or clinical follow-up. The performance of two diagnostic criteria based on findings in PET/CT alone (Criterion 1) and in PET/CT combined with thin-section CT (Criterion 2) were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thin-section CT provided greater diagnostic information for SPNs in 84.2% of the patients. Compared with Criterion 1, the diagnosis based on Criterion 2 significantly increased the diagnostic sensitivity (80.4% vs 91%, P<0.01) and accuracy (76.4% vs 87.2%, P<0.01) for lung cancer. The lesion size and the CT features including lobulation, air bronchogram, and feeding vessel, but not SUVmax, were all helpful for characterizing non-solid SPNs. Thin-section CT rectified diagnostic errors in 50% (20/40) of the cancerous lesions, which had been diagnosed as benign by PET due to their low metabolism. For non-solid SPNs, Criterion 2 showed a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity than Criterion 1 (90.0% vs 40.0%, P=0.000) but their diagnostic specificity were comparable (75.2% vs 58.3%, P=0.667). For solid nodules, the use of thin-section CT resulted in no significant improvement in the diagnostic performance (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combination of PET/CT and thin-section CT creates a synergistic effect for the characterization of SPNs, especially non-solid nodules.</p>
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We propose a method using total variation (TV) regularization in deconvolution for partial volume correction in PET imaging. In the degraded image model, we used TV regularization procedure in Van Cittert (VC) and Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution algorithms. These methods were tested in simulated NCAT images and images of NEMA NU4-2008 IQ phantom and tumor-bearing mouse scanned by Simens Invoen microPET. The simulated experiment and tumor-bearing mouse experiment showed that the algorithms using TV regularization provided superior qualitative and quantitative appearance compared with traditional VC and RL algorithms. When the mean intensity of the tumor increased by (10±1.8)%, the SD increase percentage was decreased from 49.98% to 14.26% and from 42.76% to 4.70%, suggesting the efficiency of the proposed algorithms for reducing PVEs in PET.
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Animals , Mice , Algorithms , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Phantoms, Imaging , Positron-Emission TomographyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to laparotomy.Methods In 1020 LC patients,36 patients with conversion of LC to laparotomy were chosen as the case group,108 patients with successful LC were chosen as the control group.Univariate analysis and Logistic multivariate regression model were used to analyze the risk factors for conversion of LC to laparotomy.Results Age ＞ 65 years (0R=3.234,95％ CI:0.532-6.853),course of disease ＞ 72h (OR =2.342,95％ CI:0.568 ～ 5.656),history of upper abdominal operation (OR =2.453,95％ CI:0.345-7.453),thickness of gallbladder wall ≥ 6 mm (OR =2.453,95％ CI:0.453-6.343),white bloodcell count ＞ 15.0 × 109/L (OR =4.532,95％ CI:0.535-8.329) were risk factors for conversion of LC to laparotomy.Conclusion Preoperative comprehensive evaluation the risk factors and selecting suitable program have important clinical significant in reducing the rate of conversion LC to laparotomy.
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Anatomical hepatic segmentectomy is the treatment of choice for hepatolithiasis. However, in consideration of the volume of residual liver and the liver function, anatomical polysegmentectomy of the bilateral lobes for hepatolithiasis is restricted. Protection of the portal pedicles to the segments preserved and avoidance of ischemia/reperfusion injury to the residual liver parenchyma are critical steps during the operation.A female patient with hepatolithiasis and had a surgical history of choledocholithiasis removal and T-tube drainage received ana tomic polysegmentectomy with segments Ⅰ and Ⅳ preservation at the General Hospital of Kunming Medical College. During the operation, Portal pedicles to the segments Ⅰ , Ⅱ, right lobe,and segments Ⅱ and Ⅲ were isolated prior to liver parenchyma transection. Portal pedicles to segments Ⅰ and Ⅳ were protected under direct visualization. Hepatoduodenal ligament occlusion was not applied during liver parenchyma transaction. Segments Ⅱ- Ⅲ and Ⅴ-Ⅷ were anatomically resected, and segments Ⅰ ,Ⅳ were preserved with satisfactory vascularization. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 14 days after the operation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the dental caries of 15-year-old adolescents in Hubei province, and to determine the influence of various social-behavioral risk factors on dental caries in the population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The survey employed a multistage, stratified, non-geometric proportional randomized sampling, representing adolescents aged 15-year-old in Hubei province. The epidemiological investigation of dental caries was made by clinical oral health examination. Oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior investigated by questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence and mean DMFT in 1,080 15-year-old adolescents in Hubei province was 24.4% and 0.45, respectively. 11.4% of the adolescents brushed their teeth at least twice a day, 33.1% of the adolescents ever visited the dentists. A significant higher prevalence of dental caries was observed in girls (OR = 1.70). In addition, those who visit dentists and those who the scores of the consumption of sugar drink were high tended to have a higher prevalence of dental caries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dental caries prevalence of adolescents in Hubei province is low, but oral health habit of adolescents seems poor. Gender and consumption of sugar drink may be risk factors of dental caries.</p>
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Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Dental Caries , Oral Health , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical application of automated urine formed elements analyzer and/or urine dipstick analyzer for examination of urinary formed elements in screening urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods 148 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from the UTI patients and 284 fresh midstream clear-catch urine samples from non-UTI subjects were selected. Bacteria culture was performed for bacterial colony counting and identification. Bacteria counts ( BACT), yeast-like fungus and WBC were performed by UF-looOi automated urine formed elements analyzer. Leukocyte esterase test (LEU) and nitrite test (NIT) were performed by URISYS 2400 urine dipstick analyzer. We evaluated data obtained from urine dipstick analyzer, UF-1000i and combination of UF-1000i with urine dipstick analyzer and the results was compared with those obtained from quantitative bacterial culture. Then we evaluated the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Results Among the 148 patients with UTI, the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture was 73.6% (109/148), the positive rate of LEU and NIT detected by dipstick test 26. 4% (39/148).There was significantly statistical difference between bacterial culture and strip test(χ2 = 55.68 ,P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of urine flow cytometry by UF-1000i with either positive of BACT and WBC was 91.2%(135/148), which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. There was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 14. 70, P < 0. 05 ). The positive rate of anyone positive among BACT, WBC, LEU and NIT was 94. 6% (140/148) when detected with combination of dipstick test and UF-1000i, which was higher than the positive rate of the quantitative bacterial culture. And there was significant difference between two methods (χ2 = 20. 45, P < 0. 05 ). The sensitivity of dipstick test was low (26. 4% ,39/148 ), and specificity was high ( 99. 3%, 282/284 ) . The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of BACT detected by UF-1000i in diagnosing urinary tract infection were 92. 6% ( 137/148 ), 39. 8% ( 113/284 ). 44. 5% ( 137/308 ) and 91.1% ( 113/124 ), respectively. If the dipstick test was combined with UF-1000i, the sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy were 98.0% ( 145/148 ), 97.1% ( 100/103 ). 35.2% (100/284) ,44. 1% (145/329) and 56. 7% (245/432), respectively. Conclusions The combination of urine dipstick test and automated urine formed elements analyzer UF-1000i plays an important role in early diagnosis of UTI. And it has significant value in diagnosis of UTI, especially for the patients with negative bacterial cultures of urine sample.
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We want to construct a yeast expression system for thymosin a1 (Ta1) to make the orally administered Ta1 preparation possible. The whole Ta1 DNA fragment was obtained by PCR. After being digested with restriction enzymes, it was cloned into pYES2 vector. Sequencing was performed to identify the recombinant. The sequence of Ta1 in recombinant coincided with the original one reported in Genbank. When pYES2-Ta1 plasmid was transformed into yeast, galactose instead of glucose was used to induce Ta1 expression. Western blot was performed to identify the quality of the expressed Ta1. Dried yeast containing pYEST2-Ta1 was fed to Balb/c mice whose immunities were inhibited by cyclophosphamide in advance. Synthesized Ta1 peptide was used as positive control and empty yeast was used as negative control. Compared with the negative control group, both dried yeast containing pYEST2-Ta1 and synthesized Ta1 peptide can significantly increase the CD8+ level (22.74±1.09 and 18.77±4.72 vs 7.49±2.14, p<0.01), while both of them had little effect on the CD4+ lymphocytes (61.86±6.94 and 65.91±4.78 vs 57.93±10.40, p>0.05). We concluded that a high effective yeast expression system for Ta1 was constructed successfully and the Ta1 protein expressed by this system can improve CD8+ level in immune inhibited mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Gene Expression , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Thymosin/analogs & derivatives , Blotting, Western , /drug effects , Cloning, Molecular , Clone Cells/drug effects , Cyclophosphamide/toxicity , Flow Cytometry , Freeze Drying , Genetic Vectors , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Immunosuppressive Agents/toxicity , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Random Allocation , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Sonication , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Thymosin/genetics , Thymosin/isolation & purification , Thymosin/metabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The research aimed to analyze the significance of Pont Index in the dental crowding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Respectively selected 91 normal occlusion persons and 101 dental crowding patients, measured every item of Pont Index of these two sample groups, and compared the results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The premolar index and molar index of dental crowding patients were obviously bigger than that of normal occlusion, and there was apparent significant difference. There was no significant gender difference of Pont Index either in normal occlusion or dental crowding patients. Whereas there was significant gender difference of premolar arch width and molar arch width in normal occlusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The occurrence of dental crowding is clearly related to Pont Index.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Bicuspid , Cephalometry , Dental Arch , Dental Occlusion , Malocclusion , MolarABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo compare the hospital charges incu rred for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC).MethodsT he authors selected 100 cases of LC and 100 cases of OC of 1991 (initial per iod of LC) and 2000 (mature period of LC), respectively. Comparisons on hospital charges be tween the two procedures of both periods were made. ResultsT hat total charges of LC (2575 86?261 61)yuan were significantly higher than those of OC (1240 61?382 67)yuan ( t =28 805, P