ABSTRACT
Medical security is a prominent problem in China,and the medical safety supervision system needs to be improved.Through the analysis of the existing literature,medical supervision process,current situation and problems are analyzed,and the medical supervision system in England is comparatively analyzed,and the relationship model of British regulators is built,the internal mechanism of British medical supervision is analyzed,and finally through combining with the actual situation of China,new ideas for perfecting the medical safety supervision are put forward.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effect of the daily and two different METHODS of intermittent atomization inhalation of budesonide(BUD) in the treatment of recurrrent wheezing children under 5 years old, providing the basis for early selection of appropriate intervention regimen for them. METHODS: We studied 160 children between the aged 12 and 59 months who had positive values on the modified API(mAPI), recurrent wheezing episodes. Children were randomly divided into three groups according to admission time sequence: daily low dose atomization inhalation group (daily group) 54 cases, intermittent high dose early atomization inhalation group (early group) 53 cases and intermittent general dose preemptive atomization inhalation group (preemptive group) 53 cases. All children were observed for 1 year. Number of systemic corticosteroids courses, wheezing episodes, intravenous, the emergency number, symptomatic days, respiratory symptom scores and other curative effect indicators were compared between the three groups; and compare the number of systemic corticosteroids courses, intravenous, wheezing episodes, the emergency number, and hospitalization rates before and after treatment in each group. RESULTS: In this study, 10 children failed to complete the test because of various reasons, 150 cases were effective, each group 50 cases. All three groups can reduce the number of systemic corticosteroids courses, intravenous, wheezing episodes, the emergency number and hospitalization rate, the difference were statistically significant(P0.05);there was no significant difference between the respiratory symptom scores, the number of hospitalized patients, treatment failure rate, and use SABA days of the three group (P>0.05). The BUD use days and doses of intermittent inhalation regimens is less than daily inhalation regimen(P<0.01);among the three groups, the preemptive group used the least dose(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of early and preemptive group is close to the daily group, and BUD days and doses of the early and preemptive group is less than that of daily group. The drug administration time of preemptive group was earlier and the overall drug delivery time is more flexible than early group, so the preemptive regimen can offer new options for 5-year-old children with recurrent wheezing and positive values on the mAPI.
ABSTRACT
The present study focused on the characterization and genomic sequence of phage PS2 that infects Serratia marcescens clinical isolates.The morphology of phage PS2 was observed with electron microscope.The one-step growth curve,host range,and stability of PS2 were investigated.In addition,Phage DNA was extracted from the purified phage particles using a MiniBEST Viral RNA/DNA Extraction Kit.DNA sample was analyzed by digesting with restriction enzymes.The phage DNA was used for constructing the sequencing library.The library was sequenced on a MiSeqTM platform.The whole genome sequence was obtained by Velvet (version:1.2.08) assembling.Phage PS2 belongs to the Myoviridae family.The linear,circularly permuted,167 266-bp double-stranded DNA genome of PS2 has high similarities to T4-1ike phages.The phage DNA contains 41.7％ GC and 276 ORFs.PS2 exhibited a 21-minute latent period and 70 PFU per cell at burst size when the pathogenic S.marcescens strain S2 served as a host.Further investigation suggested that PS2 is stable in a wide pH range (pH5 to pH10) and at extreme temperatures (50 ℃ and 60 ℃) after incubation alone at different pHs and different temperatures,respectively.The paper focused on the isolation and identification of a novel lytic S.marcescens phage,the biological characteristics,the whole genome sequencing and the preliminary study of bioinformatics,which laid the foundation for deeply analysis to the phage therapy of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the phage biological information.
ABSTRACT
The present study focused on the characterization and genomic sequence of phage PS2 that infects Serratia marcescens clinical isolates.The morphology of phage PS2 was observed with electron microscope.The one-step growth curve,host range,and stability of PS2 were investigated.In addition,Phage DNA was extracted from the purified phage particles using a MiniBEST Viral RNA/DNA Extraction Kit.DNA sample was analyzed by digesting with restriction enzymes.The phage DNA was used for constructing the sequencing library.The library was sequenced on a MiSeqTM platform.The whole genome sequence was obtained by Velvet (version:1.2.08) assembling.Phage PS2 belongs to the Myoviridae family.The linear,circularly permuted,167 266-bp double-stranded DNA genome of PS2 has high similarities to T4-1ike phages.The phage DNA contains 41.7％ GC and 276 ORFs.PS2 exhibited a 21-minute latent period and 70 PFU per cell at burst size when the pathogenic S.marcescens strain S2 served as a host.Further investigation suggested that PS2 is stable in a wide pH range (pH5 to pH10) and at extreme temperatures (50 ℃ and 60 ℃) after incubation alone at different pHs and different temperatures,respectively.The paper focused on the isolation and identification of a novel lytic S.marcescens phage,the biological characteristics,the whole genome sequencing and the preliminary study of bioinformatics,which laid the foundation for deeply analysis to the phage therapy of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the phage biological information.
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Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD)on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by intrauterine distress in fetal rats.Methods Eighty mature fetal rats weighing 4.52-4.81 g were randomly divided into four groups (n =20):sham opera-tion group(group S),PHCD control group (group S+ P),cerebral IR group (group IR),PHCD treatment group(group IR+P).Fetal rat intrauterine distress model was set up by clamping bilateral uterine horn vessels of pregnant rats.PHCD 2 mg/kg was injected in pregnant rat’s gluteus at 30 min before intrauterine distress model was set up in group IR+P,the same volume saline was injected in pregnant rat’s gluteus before shame operation in group S,the same volume PHCD was injected in pregnant rat’s gluteus before shame operation in group S+P.Fetal rats were decapitated at 12 h after the reperfusion,the peripheral blood of fetal rats was detected by blood gas analysis (including PH, PaO 2 ,PaCO 2 ,Lac);the infarct volume and the infarct volume fraction were detected by TTC stai-ning;pathological changes in lung tissue were observed by HE staining;the TNF-α,IL-6 content in the brain were detected by ELISA;the expression of NF-κB mRNA was detected by quantitative Real-time PCR,the expression of NF-κB p65 protein was detected by Western-blotting.Results The blood PH,PaO 2 in group IR and IR+P were lower than group S and S+P,the blood PH,PaO 2 in group IR+P was higher than group IR.Compared with group S and group S+P,the blood PaCO 2 , Lac,the infarct volume and the infarct volume fraction,the concentration of TNF-αand IL-6,the ex-pression of NF-κB mRNA and protein were significantly increased in group IR and IR+P (P <0.05), and those in group IR+P were lower than group IR (P <0.05 ).The pathological changes in brain tissue were significantly attenuated in group IR + P (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Pretreatment with PHCDcouldattenuatecerebralischemia-reperfusioninjuryoffetalratsinducedbyintrauterinedistress. ThemechanismscouldrelatetotheinhibitionofNF-κBsignalingpathwayinbraintissues.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been reported to reduce local recurrence in giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone because of their osteoclast-suppressing effect; however, the optimal mode of delivery and the dose and duration of treatment of BPs remain to be established. To address these issues, it is first necessary to clarify the manner of action of BPs on osteoclasts. We herein evaluated the osteoclast-suppressing effect of sodium ibandronate in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse osteoclasts (OCLs) were generated in vitro using mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells. First, various concentrations of sodium ibandronate and equal amounts of phosphate-buffered saline were added to cell culture media. The number of multinucleated cells (over three nuclei) was recorded in each group, OCL formation was compared, and the most effective concentration of sodium ibandronate was determined. Then, high concentrations of sodium ibandronate were added to the experimental cell culture media; no ibandronate was given in the control group. Comparisons were made between the two groups in terms of OCL adhesion, migration, and bone resorption.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OCL formation was suppressed by sodium ibandronate in vitro; the most pronounced effect was observed at the concentration of 10(-5) mol/L. OCL migration and bone resorption were significantly suppressed at this concentration, though there was no effect on OCL adhesion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sodium ibandronate was effective in suppressing OCLs and decreasing resorption in GCT. The strong anti-OCL effectiveness at a high concentration in vitro indicates a topical mode of application.</p>