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Objective To investigate the value of standardized iodine concentration and energy spectrum curve of dual-source CT in diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer.Methods The clinical data of 60 patients diagnosed as gastric cancer were collected in our hospital.All patients underwent dual-source CT routine abdominal scanning and dual-phase energy spectrum enhancement.According to the pathologic results,the lymph nodes were divided into metastatic and non-metastatic groups.Then the enhanced degree,dual-phase normalized iodine concentration (NIC)were measured and compared between metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes.The slope of the energy spectrum curve of metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes were calculated by dual-energy software.Results When the enhanced degree was higher than 80 HU,the sensitivity (82.4%)and specificity (78.6%)were higher. The artery-phase NIC values of metastatic lymph node and non-metastatic lymph node were(0.546±0.086)and(0.144±0.077),respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The venous-phase NIC values of metastatic lymph node and non-metastatic lymph nodes were (0.479±0.013)and (0.307±0.082),respectively.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The dual-phase energy spectrum curves of metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes were all descending patterns.The difference was obvious at 40-80 keV and minimal at 80-140 keV.The sensitivity of diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes was 83.5%,and the specificity was 85.6%when the arterial curve slope was 6.87.The sensitivity of diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes was 63.6% and the specificity was 96.7%when the venous curve slope was 6.67.Conclusion The multiple parameters provided by dual-source CT dual-energy imaging are helpful to the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in gastric cancer.
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Objective To observe the value of dual-source CT energy spectral imaging in qualitative evaluation of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer.Methods Data of patients with pathologically diagnosed gastric cancer were collected,who underwent both dual-source CT abdomen plain scanning and energy spectrum double-phase enhanced scanning.The long diameter,short diameter,short length-diameter ratio,arterial phase and venous phase standardized iodine concentration of lymph nodes were measured and recorded.Energy spectrum attenuation curves were drawn,and the slopes were calculated.Parameters with statistical significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes were used to plot ROC curves,and the thresholds for diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer,and their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results There were significant differences in short axis,short aspect ratio,normalized iodine concentration in arterial phase and venous phase between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer (all P＜0.05),the area under the curve of ROC curve was 0.601 (P=0.006),0.881 (P＜0.001),0.865 (P＜0.001) and 0.834 (P＜0.001),respectively.When the short length to diameter ratio was 0.730,the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer was 75.72％ and 93.64％.When standardized iodine concentration was 0.223 in arterial phase,the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer was 69.81％ and 91.20％.When the standardized iodine concentration was 0.392 in the venous phase,the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer was 78.33％ and 85.63％.Dual-phase energy spectrum curve of both gastric metastatic lymph nodes and non-lymph node decreased.Taken the arterial curve slope k=6.860 as the threshold,the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes was 83.24％ and 84.72％.When the threshold venous phase slope k was set at 6.660,the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes was 64.62％ and 97.70％,respectively.Combining arterial phase length-to-diameter ratio,arterial phase standardized iodine concentration and spectral curve slope,the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing metastatic lymph nodes was 97.34 ％ and 87.83 ％,which was 80.13 ％ and 90.31％ when combining venous phase short length-diameter ratio,venous phase standardized iodine concentration and spectral curve slope.Conclusion The short-length-to-diameter ratio,arterial-venous phase standardized iodine concentration and arterial-venous phase slope of lymph nodes are the main parameters for evaluating metastatic lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer.Combination of the above three parameters can obviously improve the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer.
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Objective To observe the effect of ginkgobalide B (GB) on neurocyte apoptosis and protein kinase B expression in neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).Methods Ninety seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group,an HIBD group and a GB group,each of 30.HIBD was induced in the HIBD and GB groups using the classical Rice method,while the sham group was given a sham operation.GB (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to the rats in the GB group at 0 h and 24 h after the modeling.Then 6 rats were killed 6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after the modeling,and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was detected using a real-time PCR to find the time point of maximum effectiveness.Then to further explore the role of the PI3K-AKT pathway in the anti-apoptosis effect of ginkgolide B,a a GB+LY294002 group of 6 rats,which was injected with PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 (1.8 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at 30 min before the modeling and with GB(10 mg/kg) at 0 h and 24 h after the modeling,was added to the experiment.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling and immunohistochemical staining were then used to observe any morphological changes in the cortex,to detect neuronal apoptosis and to quantify the expression of P-AKT protein.Results The expression of caspase-3 in the HI and GB groups began to increase 6 hours after the HIBD and reached a peak after 24 hours,followed by a gradual decline.The expression of caspase-3 in the GB group was significantly lower than in the HI group throughout,while that of both of those groups was significantly higher than in the sham group.Apoptosis-positive cells and the expression of caspase-3increased had significantly in the HI,GB and GB+LY294002 groups 24 hours after the HIBD compared with the sham group,while the expression of P-AKT protein had decreased significantly.Moreover,the apoptosis-positive cells and the expression of caspase-3 of the HI and GB+LY294002 groups were significantly high-er than those of the GB group,while their expression of P-AKT protein was significantly lower after 24 hours.Conclusion Ginkgobalide B can decrease neurocyte apoptosis caused by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,especially at 24 h after the damage.The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in this effect.
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Objective To observe the effect of ginkgobalide B (GB) on neurocyte apoptosis and protein kinase B expression in neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).Methods Ninety seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group,an HIBD group and a GB group,each of 30.HIBD was induced in the HIBD and GB groups using the classical Rice method,while the sham group was given a sham operation.GB (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to the rats in the GB group at 0 h and 24 h after the modeling.Then 6 rats were killed 6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after the modeling,and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was detected using a real-time PCR to find the time point of maximum effectiveness.Then to further explore the role of the PI3K-AKT pathway in the anti-apoptosis effect of ginkgolide B,a a GB+LY294002 group of 6 rats,which was injected with PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 (1.8 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at 30 min before the modeling and with GB(10 mg/kg) at 0 h and 24 h after the modeling,was added to the experiment.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling and immunohistochemical staining were then used to observe any morphological changes in the cortex,to detect neuronal apoptosis and to quantify the expression of P-AKT protein.Results The expression of caspase-3 in the HI and GB groups began to increase 6 hours after the HIBD and reached a peak after 24 hours,followed by a gradual decline.The expression of caspase-3 in the GB group was significantly lower than in the HI group throughout,while that of both of those groups was significantly higher than in the sham group.Apoptosis-positive cells and the expression of caspase-3increased had significantly in the HI,GB and GB+LY294002 groups 24 hours after the HIBD compared with the sham group,while the expression of P-AKT protein had decreased significantly.Moreover,the apoptosis-positive cells and the expression of caspase-3 of the HI and GB+LY294002 groups were significantly high-er than those of the GB group,while their expression of P-AKT protein was significantly lower after 24 hours.Conclusion Ginkgobalide B can decrease neurocyte apoptosis caused by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,especially at 24 h after the damage.The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in this effect.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of Antituberculotic?loaded bone cement (ATLBC) prepared by mix?ing the anti?TB drugs Rifampicin (RFP), Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamid (PZA), Moxifloxacin (MFX) with Palacos R PMMA bone cement in Total Joint Arthroplasty treatment for Joint Tuberculosis. Methods Forty grams of Palacos R bone cement powder without antibiotics was mixed with 1 or 2 grams of RFP, INH, PZA and MFX respectively. According to ISO 5833:2002 stan?dard, 8 groups of ATLBC standard test specimen were prepared as experiment group and Palacos R PMMA bone cement with?out antibiotics was prepared as control group. Physical properties (such as the average dough time, curing time, maximum tem?perature), mechanical strength (such as the compressive strength, the bending resistance strength, the modulus of elasticity) and the concentrations of eluant drug in different time points of ATLBC were detected. Results In RFP (1 g), RFP (2 g), INH (1 g) and INH (2 g) group, the average dough time and curing time were longer than those in control group, which exceeded the standard scope of ISO, while the average maximum temperature was significantly lower than that in control group. The INH ( 1 g) group and INH (2 g) group hardened after mixing for 14 days. The RFP (1 g) group and RFP (2 g) group hardened after mixing for 30 days. Twenty minutes after mixing and hardening, the compressive strength, bending resistance strength and modulus of elastic?ity were significantly lower than the specified values of ISO standard. The physical properties and mechanical strength in PZA ( 1 g) group, PZA (2 g) group, MFX (1 g) group, MFX (2 g) group and control group were in accordance with the specified values of ISO standard, and they hardened after 20 minutes. In RFP (1 g) group, RFP (2 g) group, INH (1 g) group, INH (2 g) group, PZA (1 g) group, PZA (2 g) group, MFX (1 g) group and MFX (2 g) group, the concentration of eluant could maintain for 3 days, 7 days, 90 days, 90 days, 45 days, 60 days, 60 days and 60 days respectively. Conclusion RFP and INH mixing with Palacos R PMMA bone cement can hinder the aggregation of bone cement so they are unsuitable for preparing ATLBC. PZA and MFX mixing with Palacos R PMMA bone cement do not affect the physical properties of bone cement, with excellent mechanical strength and elu?tion properties. Because the minimal inhibitory concentration of PZA is higher and its antimicrobial activity maintains shorter time, while MFX maintains longer time in antimicrobial activity, it's more suitable for the preparation of ATLBC.