ABSTRACT
A multi-style collective lesson preparation model was designed and implemented after analyzing the current status of teaching faculty in the teaching and research section of clinical pharmacology,which includes hierarchical collective lesson preparation and exploration of WeChat collective lesson preparation; enrichment of the lesson-preparation content,bringing teaching skills,teaching strategies,courseware design and motivation of students' interest into collective lesson preparation.After carrying out this model,the construction of teaching faculty has been strengthened and the improvement of young teachers has been accelerated.At the same time,the procedures of collective lesson preparation should be made clearer and teachers' performance evaluation should include the assessment result of implementing this model so as to standardize the multi-style collective lesson preparation model.
ABSTRACT
A multi-style collective lesson preparation model was designed and implemented after analyzing the current status of teaching faculty in the teaching and research section of clinical pharmacology,which includes hierarchical collective lesson preparation and exploration of WeChat collective lesson preparation; enrichment of the lesson-preparation content, bringing teaching skills, teaching strategies, courseware design and motivation of students' interest into collective lesson preparation. After carrying out this model, the construction of teaching faculty has been strengthened and the improvement of young teachers has been accelerated. At the same time, the procedures of collective lesson preparation should be made clearer and teachers' performance evaluation should include the assessment result of implementing this model so as to standardize the multi-style collective lesson preparation model.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for exploring the way to improve the ability of pharmaceutical care in primary pharmaceutical staff. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was conducted among pharmaceutical staff(including head of pharmacy department),director/vice-director of hospital in charge of pharmacy,medical staff and patients from primary medical institutions in 9 provinces(regions,cities). The results of investigation were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:A total of 77 primary medical institutions involved in the survey. Totally of 2 273 questionnaires were sent out,and 2 248 effective questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 98.9%. Among effective questionnaires,278 questionnaires were filled out by pharmaceutical staff (68 by head of pharmacy department),48 by director/vice-director of hospital in charge of pharmacy,771 by medical staff and 1 151 by patients. Results of survey showed that only 140 pharmaceutical staff had obtained pharmacy practice qualification,accounting for 50.4%. The surveyed primary medical institutions provided limited pharmaceutical care projects,and the projects with high proportion were medication explanation(85.7%)and medication consultation(84.4%). The establishment of Health Service Record Card in elderly patients(19.5%),the development of chronic disease management(23.4%)and the development of chronic disease related pharmaceutical knowledge publicity at the primary level(37.7%)took up low proportion relatively. Overall satisfaction of surveyed medical staff to pharmaceutical care of pharmaceutical staff was general(77.2%). Surveyed patients greatly satisfied with the attitude of pharmaceutical staff(85.5%)but overall satisfaction of them to professional knowledge of pharmaceutical staff(78.2%)was general. Surveyed pharmaceutical staff training needs in descending order were medication explanation(74.5%),medication counseling(71.9%)and providing pharmaceutical information(64.0%). However,the projects which had low proportion of training needs included chronic disease management(22.3%)and lifestyle guidance (27.0%),etc. The more favorite training forms in descending order were further study in medical institution at higher level(65.4%),expert lectures(60.1%)and training in the training base (57.9%). CONCLUSIONS:The primary medical institutions provided limited pharmaceutical care. It is necessary to further explore and standardize pharmaceutical care criteria. The overall satisfaction of medical staff and patients on pharmaceutical care of pharmaceutical staff is not high in primary institutions,and it needs to be further improved. The related pharmacy training for primary pharmaceutical staff still needs to be strengthened,and can be conducted according to the favorite form of training so as to improve the ability of pharmaceutical care.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo of teachers'teaching ability of standardized training for hospital pharma-cists in Beijing area,and provide reference for strengthening the faculty construction. METHODS:A dynamic assessment of stan-dardized training base for hospital pharmacists of 17 inpatients in Beijing area was conducted to organize evaluation experts to as-sess the teaching ability of outpatient pharmacy,ward pharmacy and clinical pharmacy in training base. Questionnaire was designed and trainees were organized to evaluate the teaching ability,time,attitude,feedback and others and related results of teaching in bases were vegarded as objects for analysis and summary. RESULTS:The overall ability of teaching was high,and the most promi-nent was clinical pharmacy,which was well received by trainees. But there are differences among departments,the ability of ward pharmacy is slightly lower than the clinical pharmacy and outpatient pharmacy. And the teaching ability still had great improvement. CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve the overall teacher strength in training base,competence-based training for hospital pharma-cists must be strengthened to encourage teachers to attend training courses,strengthen cultivation of humanistic quality and enrich students'evaluation forms.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of 15-deoxy-△12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3-5 months, weighing 220-250 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), 15d-PGJ2 group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and LPS +15d-PGJ2 group.In group 15d-PGJ2, 15d-PGJ20.3 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.In LPS and LPS+15d-PGJ2 groups, ALI was produced with LPS 6 mg/kg injected through the tail vein, and then the equal volume of normal saline and 15d-PGJ2 0.3 mg/kg were injected, respectively.At 4 h after LPS injection, blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta for blood gas analysis, and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) was recorded.The rats were then sacrificed, lungs were removed for microscopic examination, and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), TNF-α, IL-8 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) contents (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) , and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and IκB-α expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C, no significant change was found in PaO2, W/D ratio, contents of TNF-α, IL-8 and CINC-1, and expression of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in group 15d-PGJ2 (P＞0.05), and PaO2 was significantly decreased, W/D ratio and contents of TNF-α,IL-8 and CINC-1 were increased, the expression of NF-κB p65 was up-regulated, and the expression of IκB-α was down-regulated in LPS and LPS+ 15d-PGJ2 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group LPS,PaO2 was significantly increased, W/D ratio and contents of TNF-α, IL-8 and CINC-1 were decreased, the expression of NF-κB p65 was down-regulated, and the expression of IκB-α was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes were attenuated in group LPS+ 15d-PGJ2.Conclusion 15d-PGJ2 can mitigate endotoxin-induced ALI in rats.