ABSTRACT
Traditional ophthalmic pharmaceutical preparations are mostly eye drops or eye ointments, which have the disadvantages of low efficiency and poor patient compliance in application.Drug-loaded contact lenses can overcome these shortcomings and have attracted much attention.Improving drug loading capacity and enhancing sustained-release performance of drug-loaded contact lenses are the main focus of research and development.In recent years, drug-loaded contact lenses made of molecularly imprinted hydrogel can significantly improve drug loading capacity and sustained-release performance, and have been widely studied.The application status of molecularly imprinted hydrogel drug-loaded contact lenses in the delivery of ophthalmic drugs, as well as the effects of various factors on drug loading capacity and sustained-release performance were reviewed in this article.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of epidural block on postoperative long-term quality of life in patients undergoing radical operation for lung cancer under general anesthesia. Methods A total of 348 patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer of both sexes, aged 18-80 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ, with body mass index of 18-30 kg∕m2, with International Associa-tion for the Study of Lung Cancer staging criteria stage 1-2, scheduled for elective radical operation for lung cancer under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n＝174 each) using a random number table method: general anesthesia plus patient-controlled intravenous analgesia ( PCIA) group ( group G) and general anesthesia plus epidural anesthesia plus patient-controlled epidural analgesia group ( group GE). Anesthesia was induced by target-controlled infusion of propofol and fentanyl and intravenous injection of rocuronium. The patients were tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated to maintain the end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide at 30-40 mmHg. Anesthesia was maintained by target-controlled infusion of propofol and intravenous injection of remifentanil. An increment of fentanyl was given immediately after chest opening and closing, and cisatracurium besylate was injected intravenously. In group GE, 0. 375%ropivacaine was epidurally injected in a initial dose of 5-8 ml followed by continuous epidural infusion at 5 ml∕h, and infusion was stopped before closing the chest. Bispectral index value was maintained at 40-60 during operation. PCIA was performed at the end of operation with fentanyl, flurbiprofen, ramosetron or palonosetron hydrochloride, and the PCA pump was set up with a 0. 5 ml bolus dose, a 15-min lockout in-terval and background infusion at a rate of 2 ml∕h in group G. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia was per-formed with 0. 15%-0. 18% ropivacaine 250 ml, and the PCA pump was set up to deliver 2-3 ml bolus dose with a 20-min lockout interval and background infusion at 4-5 ml∕h in group GE. Postoperative analge-sia was performed until 48 h after operation in both groups. Patients were followed up by telephone at half a year and 1 and 2 yr after operation. The 12-item short-form scale was used to evaluate the quality of life. Physical component summary (PCS-12) and mental component summary (MCS-12) scores were calculated. Results PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores were significantly lower at 2 yr after operation than at half a year in both groups (P＜0. 05). Compared with group G, PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores were significantly increased at 2 yr after operation in group GE (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Compared with general anesthesia alone, epi-dural block provides better effect on postoperative long-term quality of life in patients undergoing radical op-eration for lung cancer under general anesthesia.
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Objective To investigate effects of α-crystallin on proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated retinal microglia and bioactivity of iNOS.Methods The retinal microglial cells cultured in vitro were analyzed and their purity was identified by cell immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.After microglia cells being intervened using LPS and α-crystallin at various concentrations,influence of α-crystallin on activity of LPS-activated retinal microglia was detected by MTT method and level of NO was measured by RT-PCR to observe changes of iNOS expression in microglia.Results Purity of primary cultured microglial cells was 94.15％ by GSA-IB4 immunohistochemical identification and 93.34％ by CD11b flow cytometry.α-crystallin of 10-4g/L awakened activity of microglia induced by 10-6g/L LPS (P ＜ 0.01).Expressions of iNOS protein and mRNA showed significant decrease in combined treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In clinical condition,α-crystallin decreases the harm of microglial cells on retinal ganglial cells (RGCs) after optical nerve injury by inhibiting the microglia cells to produce NO and iNOS.