ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the diet quality of pregnant women during the second trimester using the dietary inflammatory index ( DII) and to explore the correlation between the DII in second trimester of preg-nancy and preterm delivery.Methods A total of 253 women with singleton pregnancy in 16-20 gestational weeks who had received routine prenatal care between August 2014 and April 2015 at the First Affiliated Hospi-tal of Anhui Medical University were enrolled with cluster random sampling.The included women were asked to recall daily dietary intake in the 3 days prior to the survey.All dietary data were analyzed for energy and nutri-ents intake with a nutritional analysis software, followed by calculation of DII according to previous reports. Based on quartiles of the DII scores, the participants were divided into three groups, namely the anti-inflam-matory group (DII-2.55).The participants were followed up until delivery and the pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The relationship between the DII in second trimester of pregnancy and preterm delivery were analyzed. Results DII scores of the 253 pregnant women during the second trimester of pregnancy ranged from -7.913 to 3.872.The risks of preterm birth in the anti-inflammatory diet group, the intermediate group, and the pro-inflammatory diet group were 0, 1.6%, and 6.3%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the groups (P=0.034).The higher DII scores (pro-inflammatory) were associated with higher inci-dence of preterm birth ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion DII may be used to assess diet quality of pregnant women during the second trimester and to predict the risk of preterm birth.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the protective effect of folic acid supplementation in different ways on lipopolysaccharide-induced external malformations and skeletal malformations in mice.Methods The pregnant mice were divided into six groups randomly,including saline control group,FA control group,LPS group,LPS+FAig group,LPS+FAip group,and LPS+FAdw group.All dams were medicated on gestational day 8～12,and then sacrificed on gestational day 18,for each litter,the number of live fetuses,dead fetuses,resorption fetuses and external malformations of live fetuses were all counted.All fetuses were subsequently evaluated the skeletal malformations.Results A low dose of LPS injection during the second trimester resulted in external and skeletal malformations.Exencephaly and encephalomeningocele were two of the most common external malformations,skeletal malformations consisted mainly of the incompletion of supraoccipital ossification,sternal malformation and rib malformation.FA supplementation by three ways all attenuated the external and skeletal malformations.And the best protective effect was by oral administration.The incidence of external,sternal and rib malformation was all decreased.Conclusions Three ways can prevent the mice during the second trimester from the external and skeletal malformations caused by LPS injection,and the best protective effect was by intragastric administration.
ABSTRACT
As an important medical instrument in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, endovascular stents must have excellent biocompatibility. In this paper, after a description of the performance and fabrication process of stents, we analyzed the technology to improve the biocompatibility of stents during the fabrication process which is the effective method for decreasing the rate of restenosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Coronary Disease , Therapeutics , Coronary Restenosis , StentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Restenosis easily occurs after stent implantation,thus it is worthy optimizing the stent design and evaluating its structural safety.OBJECTIVE:To simulate the deformation of balloon-expandable stainless steel stents by the finite element method,and calculated the radial displacements and stresses after expansion in different designs.DESIGN:A comparative calculated analysis.SETTING:Laboratory of Laser Processing Technology,South China Normal University.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Laser Processing Technology,South China Normal University in October,2006.The model of slotted-tube stent was used.METHODS:The simulations were carried out to expand a stainless steel stent with 2 mm in outer diameter,10 mm in length and 0.09 mm in strut width.Due to the symmetry of the stent by utilizing the correct boundary conditions,a half model was used to simulate the deformation process.①In stent I,the slot length was 2.0,4.0 and 4.0 mm for a,b and c respectively.In stent Ⅱ,the slot length was 1.5,4.5 and 4.0 mm for a,b and c respectively.In stent Ⅲ,the slot length was 1.8,4.2 and 4.0 mm for a,b and c respectively.Three points(A,B and C)in vary strut were selected to study the displacement during the process of deformation.The pressure applied as a surface load on the inner stent surface was 0.5 Mpa.②The dimensions and radial displacements of the three stent designs in the process of expansion were calculated,and the changes of deformation stresses were observed in the third design.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① The dimensions and radial displacements of the three stent designs in the process of expansion were calculated;②The changes of deformation stresses were observed in the third design.RESULTS:The shape of the expended stent I looked like a dumbbell.The maximum radial displacement of point C obtained is found to be 2.1 mm,and the point B obtained the smallest radial displacement of 0.3 mm in the three defined points.In stent Ⅱ,the maximum radial displacement obtained is found to be point B of 2.1 mm,and the point C obtained the smallest radial displacement of 1.20 mm in lhe three defined point,which obtained a spindly shaped stents.In stent Ⅲ,the maximum radial displacement obtained is found to be point B of 2.2 mm,and the point A obtained the smallest radial displacement of 1.85 mm in the three labeled point,which produce more uniform expansion than the last two stent designs.②In stent Ⅲ,the stresses and the radial displacements achieved as the pressure increased gradually.CONCLUSION:The stress concentrations and the uniformity of the expanded stent can be decreased through optimizing the stent design by finite element method,which can be used in optimizing the stent design and evaluating the structural safety of stents.