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Medicinal plants are a valuable source of essential medicines and herbal products for healthcare and disease therapy. Compared with chemical synthesis and extraction, the biosynthesis of natural products is a very promising alternative for the successful conservation of medicinal plants, and its rapid development will greatly facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plants. Here, we summarize the advances in strategies and methods concerning the biosynthesis and production of natural products of medicinal plants. The strategies and methods mainly include genetic engineering, plant cell culture engineering, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology based on multiple "OMICS" technologies, with paradigms for the biosynthesis of terpenoids and alkaloids. We also highlight the biosynthetic approaches and discuss progress in the production of some valuable natural products, exemplifying compounds such as vindoline (alkaloid), artemisinin and paclitaxel (terpenoids), to illustrate the power of biotechnology in medicinal plants.
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Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a commonly seen disease of digestive system, and its prevalence is increasing year by year. Xinjiang is located in the northwestern part of China and is a multi-ethnic region. The diets consumed are mainly meat, sweet food and strong tea, and the incidence of GERD is high in Xinjiang. Aims: To compare the efficacy of 4-week and 8-week courses of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in the treatment of mild erosive esophagitis (EE) and to explore the factors influencing the efficacy of PPI. Methods: A total of 151 LA-A/B grade EE patients from November 2020 to February 2021 at General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region were recruited, and grading of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ), STOP-Bang questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) were performed. Patients received 40 mg qd esomeprazole for 8 weeks. The factors influencing the efficacy of PPI were analyzed. Results: No significant difference in symptom remission rate was found between 4-week and 8-week courses of PPI (74.1% vs. 81.3%, P=0.163). Multivariate analysis results showed that high risk of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and presence of hiatal hernia were the factors influencing the efficacy of 4-week course of PPI (P<0.05) and presence of hiatal hernia was the factor influencing the efficacy of 8-week course of PPI (P<0.05). Conclusions: Symptom remission rates are similar between 4-week and 8-week courses of PPI for mild EE. The presence of hiatal hernia and high risk of OSAHS can increase the difficulty and prolong the course of PPI in the treatment of EE.
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Objective To assess the quality of reports of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in Chinese Journal of Dermatology from 2007 to 2016,and to provide a reference for standardization of clinical paper writing.Methods Based on the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) 2010 statement,an evaluation form was designed and used to assess the quality of the clinical RCT articles published in Chinese Journal of Dermatology from 2007 to 2016.Results A total of 94 RCT articles were enrolled,including 45 articles from 2007 to 2011,and 49 articles from 2012 to 2016.Among these articles,the writing of introduction and discussion parts was relatively standardized.In the method and result parts,the proportions of articles correctly reporting blinding (23 articles,24.47％),sample size (0 article),primary and secondary outcome measures (21 articles,22.34％),participant flow (0 article),loss to follow-up (32 articles,34.04％) and compliance (13 articles,13.83％) were low,while the proportions of those correctly reporting inclusion and exclusion criteria,intervention measures,statistical methods,starting and ending time of follow-up and baseline data were all over 80％.Conclusion Most contents of the RCT articles published in Chinese Journal of Dermatology are standardized and clear,but the reporting of blinding,compliance,sample size,participant flow and so on,is insufficient,and close attention should be paid to these items.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate ADR induced by dasatinib,and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS:By means of literature metrology method,dasatinib-induced ADR cases domestically and internationally reported were analyzed. RSEULTS:A total of 63 ADR cases were induced by dasatinib,and the age of patients were mainly 41-60 years old. The most cases(25.4%)occurred within 1 month of medication. The patients mainly were from Asian countries and regions(53.9%). Organs/systems involved in dasatinib induced ADRs were mainly respiratory system(40.1%),digestive system(17.5%)and hema-tologic system(11.7%). Main clinical manifestations were pleural effusion(23 cases),pulmonary artery hypertension(15 cases), expiratory dyspnea(8 cases),diarrhea(8 cases),etc. CONCLUSIONS:Daring the use of dasatinib,great importance should be attached to ADR monitoring and prevention so as to avoid serious ADR.
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Objective:To investigate the super selective transhepatic arterial embolization (TAE) for effects of cyst volume and liver function in patients with symptomatic polycystic liver disease (PLD), and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: 14 cases of symptomatic patients with PLD were selected from October 2014 to October 2015 in our hospital using super selective hepatic arterial embolization. The upper abdomen was performed CT scan one year after surgery, and the volume of patients with liver cyst was tested. We observed the changes of total volume of liver before TAE and postoperative kidney function, adverse reactions, and the improvements after four months’ follow-up.Results: The angiography for the 14 patients showed liver volume increased in different degrees. It also showed that blood supply was mainly hepatic artery wall branch. There were different sizes of liver round unstained area. There was consistent between CT examination and unstained area in polycystic liver swollen area. The difference of the total volume of the liver cyst was statistically significant in 14 cases of the patients with PLD before TAE treatment and after 12 months’ treatment (t=2.8627,P0.05). Compared with the preoperative, there was little effect on liver function by TAE. After 3 to 12 months, symptoms gradually improved and physical rating increased. The improvement rate was 100% after 12 months and the physical score was from 90 to 100 points. The embolism syndrome in 14 cases of patients gradually disappeared after 1 to 5 days, and five days later the symptoms disappeared. Conclusions: There is a significant effect for symptomatic polycystic liver patients with TAE. It can improve efficacy and reduce patient suffering with a low recurrence rate. It is worthy of clinical application.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a RNA interference lentiviral vector for human glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) gene and observe the effect of GPX2 knockdown on cell apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The sequence of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) for GPX2 interference was inserted into the pSicoR vector. HepG2 cells were infected by the packaged si-GPX2 lentivirus and the expression of GPX2 in the infected cells was detected by both RT-PCR and Western blotting. Changes of cell apoptosis following the infection were analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lentiviral particles pSicoR-GPX2 were successfully packaged. The expression of GPX2 in the infected cells was obviously down-regulated at both RNA and protein levels. GPX2 knockdown caused increased apoptosis rate, increased Bax expression and lowered Bcl-2 expression in HepG2 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We have successfully constructed the lentiviral vector for RNA interference of human GPX2 gene.</p>
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Humans , Apoptosis , Down-Regulation , Genetic Vectors , Glutathione Peroxidase , Genetics , Hep G2 Cells , Lentivirus , RNA Interference , RNA, Small InterferingABSTRACT
ABRO1 (Abraxas Brother 1), known also as KIAA0157 or FAM175B, is an important component of BRISC deubiquitinating enzyme ( DUB) complex which specifically shears K-63 linked polyubiquitin chains .This article reviews the research progress in ABRO 1 in terms of its structural characteristics , BRISC complex composition , the regulation of DUB activity and interferon response , oxidative stress response and anti-myocardial ischemia and provides new ideas on fur-ther study of the physiological function of ABRO 1 and its association with immune and cardiovascular diseases .
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@#ObjectiveTo develop the manipulation and scoring system of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) into a Chinese software.MethodsThe manual manipulation and scoring system of LOTCA was developed into a technological procedure and changed into primary product of software through conforming computer programs such as Basic, C, C++ and Flash Maker. The primary product was tested in clinic and feedback suggestions were collected. The questions found during assessment and items with reliability and validity not satisfied were optimized.ResultsThe Chinese software of LOTCA, including mandarin and Cantonese, composed manipulation system, scoring system, administer system and affiliated system. It could run on systems of Windows 2000 and Windows XP.ConclusionThe Chinese software of LOTCA is objective, standard and convenient for clinic.
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@#ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of floating acupuncture on the the processus transverses of vertebrae lumbales Ⅲ syndrome.Methods40 patients with the processus transverses of vertebrae lumbales Ⅲ syndrome were divided into the floating acupuncture group (20 cases) and the traditional group (20 cases). The pain was evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment.ResultsCompared with traditional treatment, the floating acupuncture can relieve pain rapidly after 15 min and 1 d of treatment. ConclusionThe floating acupuncture shows preferable clinical curative effect to patients with the processus transverses of vertebrae lumbales Ⅲ syndrome.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of intrathecal injection with Rocephin on intracranial infection after traumatic brain injury.Methods12 patients with intracranial infection after traumatic brain injury were treated with Rocephin, including Rocephin 2.0g vein injection twice a day and 0.1 g intrathecaluse once a day. The germiculture and drug sensitivity test were made before the treatment and antibiotic was selected.ResultsThere were 6 cases recovered, 2 cases improved markedly, 1 case improved and 3 cases unchanged. The efficient rate was 66.7%. The examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed that the levels of leucocyte and protein decreased, the glucose and chloride increased and encephalic pressure declined. 12 bacteria were verified in 12 cases and 8 bacteria were eliminated after treatment. The bacterium cleared rate was 66.7%. There were no side effects correlatives with Rocephin.ConclusionVein and intrathecal injection with Rocephin is effective on intracranial infection after traumatic brain injury.
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@#ObjectiveTo explore the effect of peridural injection on acute herniation of intervertebral disc.Methods60 cases of acute herniation of intervertebral disc were divided into two groups,including 30 cases of the peridural injection treatment group and 30 cases of the traditional treatment group. The clinical symptoms and signs were assessed before and after treatment.ResultsThe peridural injection restrained pain rapidly and shorten the period of treatment. The eminent rate was 83.4%. The index and rate in improvement and efficiency of peridural injection group were higher than that of traditional group. The course of treatment in hospital in peridural injection group was shorter than that in traditional group.ConclusionsThe peridural injection has preferable clinical curative effect in herniation of intervertebral disc.
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Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on patients with vertebral-artery-type cervical spondylosis by means of transcranial Doppler sonography ~TCD) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials ~BAEP), and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in treatment of cervical spondylosis by means of blood velocity and neuroelectrophysiology measurements. Methods Forty patients with vertebral-artery-type cervical spondylosis were divided into acupuncture treatment group ~20 cases) and routine treatment group ~20 cases). The TCD and BAEP were examined before the rehabilitation treatment and 2 week later. Comparing with the control group, the effect of acupuncture on the blood velocity and cerebral electrophysiology was analyzed. Results ~1)The total efficiency rates in the two treatment groups were 90% and 85%, respectively. The clinical heal rate was 45% in acupuncture group and 35% in routine group. There was no statistic difference with regard to the therapeutic effect and the length of treatment between the two groups. ~2)The blood velocity of vertebrobasilar artery ~VBA) in the patient group was decreased. The abnormal rate of TCD was 77.5% ~31/40 cases), characterized with the decrease of VBA. The abnormal rate of BAEP was 75% ~30/40 cases), characterized with brainstem abnormality type. ~3)The blood velocity in both groups was increased after treatment. Compared with the routine therapy group, the velocity of blood flow in vertebral artery in acupuncture treatment group was increased markedly ~P
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@#ObjectiveTo measure the level of T lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin in cervical spinal cord injury. Methods36 cases with cervical spinal cord injury were measured in T lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin of vein blood before and after the rehabilitation therapy. By comparing with control group, the state of immune functional in the injury was analyzed.ResultsThe cellular and humoral immune were inhibited distinctly. The level of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ and IgG of TBI group were lower than the level of control group. The CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ were improved after treatment. The immune state of complete injury was inhibited more seriously than incomplete injury. ConclusionsThe cellular and humoral immune of cervical spinal cord injury were inhibited. The more seriously of the injury, the more inhibited of immune function.
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@#ObjectiveTo study the value of brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in evaluating the function of brainstem and judging the prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in vegetative state. Methods30 cases with severe traumatic brain injury in vegetative state were examined by BAEP and assessed with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) before comprehensive rehabilitation treatment and 1 month later. The patients were re-examined by BAEP and assessed with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) after 6-month in follow-up. The relationship between BAEP grade and GCS or GOS was analyzed. The variety of BAEP in regaining consciousness was also analyzed.Results The abnormal rate of BAEP was 93.3% (28/30 cases) before rehabilitation treatment while it was 86.7% (26/30 cases) after 1 month. The higher the BAEP grade was, the poorer the prognosis was. There were 12 patients who regained consciousness.The main variety in these patients was the appearance of wave Ⅴ, as well as the improvement of each wave' shape and the shortening of peak latent period. ConclusionsBAEP can evaluate the function of brain stem in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in vegetative state and provide evidences for prognosis. The appearance of wave Ⅴ prompts the recovery of function of brain stem as an index of cerebral electrophysiology in improvement of consciousness.
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@#ObjectiveTo study the value of brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in evaluating the function of brainstem and judging the prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in vegetative state. Methods30 cases with severe traumatic brain injury in vegetative state were examined by BAEP and assessed with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) before comprehensive rehabilitation treatment and 1 month later. The patients were re-examined by BAEP and assessed with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) after 6-month in follow-up. The relationship between BAEP grade and GCS or GOS was analyzed. The variety of BAEP in regaining consciousness was also analyzed.Results The abnormal rate of BAEP was 93.3% (28/30 cases) before rehabilitation treatment while it was 86.7% (26/30 cases) after 1 month. The higher the BAEP grade was, the poorer the prognosis was. There were 12 patients who regained consciousness.The main variety in these patients was the appearance of wave Ⅴ, as well as the improvement of each wave' shape and the shortening of peak latent period. ConclusionsBAEP can evaluate the function of brain stem in patients with severe traumatic brain injury in vegetative state and provide evidences for prognosis. The appearance of wave Ⅴ prompts the recovery of function of brain stem as an index of cerebral electrophysiology in improvement of consciousness.
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@#Objective To analyse the relationship between hyperglycemia and severity/prognosis after brain injury, and to provide evidences for clinical treatment and prognosis.Methods86 cases were divided into light (16 cases), moderate (24 cases) and severe (46 cases) injury groups based on Glasgow Coma Scale scores (GCS). The blood glucose was examined 48 hours, 1 week, 1 month and 2 months after injury. The results were analyzed according to the location/position of injury and the disability rating scale (DRS).ResultsThe blood glucose level in light injury group was normal. The blood glucose levels in moderate and severe injury groups rised more significantly than those did in light injury group. The hyperglycemia in severe injury group persisted over 2 months. There was positive linear relativity relationship between the DRS and the blood glucose levels 48 hours and 2 months after injury. The higher the blood glucose level was, the more the severity of the disability was and the worse the prognosis was. The blood glucose level was higher in the patients with abroad injury following brainstem dysfunction and/or blood breaking into ventricle, even persisting over a few months. ConclusionEarly hyperglycemia is a frequent phenomenon of the stress response to head injury, a significant indicator of its severity, and a reliable predictor of outcome.
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Objective: To measure the level of T-lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin in severe traumatic brain injury and to explore the clinical significance. Method: 48 cases with severe traumatic brain injury were measured in T-lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin of vein blood before and after the rehabilitation therapy. By comparing with the control group and combining clinical evaluation to analyze the immune functional state in the state of TBI and the prognosis. Result:The cellular and humoral immune were inhibited distinctly. The level of CD3 + ,CD4 + ,CD4 +/CD8 +, IgG and IgA of TBI group were lower than the level of the control group. In prognosis, the early immune state of severe disability+vegetable state group was inhibited more seriously than good recovery + mild disability group. Conclusion: The cellular and humoral immune of severe traumatic brain injury were in inhibited state. The severe inhibition of immune, the worse the prognosis.
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Objective To explore the effect of cilazapril on motor and cognitive function in hypertension with brain stroke. Method 42 hypertensive patients with stroke were divided into cilazapril treatment group(22 cases) and traditi onal treatment group (20 cases). The cilazapril group was treated with Inhibace 2.5 mg～5 mg daily. The traditional group was treated with nifedipine and/or di uretic. The blood pressure was measured twice a day during the treatment course. The activity of daily living (ADL), motor and cognitive function were assessed with Barthel index, Fugl-Meyer and MMSE assessment respectively before and 6 we eks after treatment. Results There were no difference between the two groups on blood pressure effectiveness, but blood pressure was more stable in the cilazapril gro up. Improvement of ADL and lower limb motor function in cilazapril treatment gro up were improved significantly than those of traditional treatment group(P<0.05). Although there was no difference between the two groups in the total value of cognitive function assessment, but the directional ability and memory function in group wa s higher than those in traditional group (P<0.05). Conclusion Cilazapril can decrease blood pressure steadily and can improve the activity of daily living and cognitive function in stroke patients.
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AIM: To study the clinical efficacy and safety of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-one patients with depression were randomly divided into 3 groups: venlafaxine group of 43 patients (M23, F20; age 39 a± s 12 a) was treated with venlafaxine, 25-100 mg, po, bid for 6 wk; imipramine group of 43 patients (M 21, F 22; age 38 a±11 a) was treated with imipramine, 25-75 mg,po, bid for 6 wk; sertraline group of 45 patients (M 25, F 20; age 40 a±12 a) was treated with sertraline, 50-100 mg, po, qd for 6 wk. RESULTS: The total clinical effective retes were 88% for venlafaxine group, 91% for imipramine group and 89% for sertraline group (P>0.05). The adverse reactions in venlafaxine group were lower than that in imipramine group, but were higher than that in sertraline group. CONCLUSION: Venlafaxine is a safe and effective drug for treatment of depression.