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Objective To research the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the ultrastructure of heart,brain and lung in rats with plateau deacclimatization.Methods Forty-mine SD rats were selected.Fortyfour SD rats were routinely fed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber at the simulated altitude of 5 000 m for 3 months.Nine rats died in the hypobaric hypoxia chamber.After coming out from the chamber,35 survival rats were randomly divided into the high altitude control group (instantly after out of the hypobaric hypoxia chamber),HBO group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (7 days,1 months and 2 months after HBO treatment) and control groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ according to the body mass,5 cases in each group;the HBO groups were treated by HBO for 7 d.The control group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were synchronously fed in normal pressure and oxygen environment after HBO treatment.The rats in all groups were synchnonously sacrificed,the other 5 SD rats as the plain control group were fed in hormal pressure oxygen environment.The frontal cortex,heart and lung tissues were taken out for observing the ultrastructure changes by optical microscopy and electron microscopy.Results Hypoxia induced mitochondria swelling and ridge breakage in cranial nerves cells,swelling of mitochondria and peripheral structures,myocardial cells cloudy swelling,vacuolar degeneration,muscle fibers irregular arrangement,inflammatory cell infiltration and vasodilatation.The alveolar septm was broadened,blood capillaries were dilated and congestive,alveolar space was filled with pink transudation,inflammatory cells were infiltrated,and alveolar wall was incrassated.After HBO treatment,the tissue ultrastructure injurys were significantly improved compared with the control group,the recovery in the HBO group Ⅱ was significantly better than that in the HBO group Ⅰ,and the HBO group Ⅲ was significantly better than the HBO group Ⅱ,which recovered to plain level after 2 months.Conclusion HBO treatment has the effects for improving cranial nerves injury in hypoxia rat,promotes cellular function recovery,decreases hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension,and has the protective effect on ischemic myocardium.
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Objective To explore the efficacy of pushen capsule on blood lipid and atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into three groups,treatment group (pushen capsule and rosuvastatin calcium),control group-1 (pushen capsule) and control group-2 (rosuvastatin calcium).There were 40 patients for each group.The course of treatment was 6 months.Data of serum total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),homocysteine (Hcy),high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),nitric oxide (NO),endothelin-1 (ET-1),the number and size of carotid plaques,and changes of intima-media thickness (IMT) were detected before and after treatment in three groups.The incidences of adverse cerebrovascular events and adverse events were observed in the three groups.And the therapeutic effects for dyslipidemia were evaluated in three groups.Results The treatment indicators were obviously improved after treatment in three groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in treatment indicators before treatment between three groups.The levels of TG and NO increased,the level of LDL-C,the size and thickness of carotid plaques decreased after treatment in control group-2 than those of control group-1.Levels of TC,LDL-C,Hcy,hs-CRP,ET-1,IMT,and the number,size and thickness of carotid plaques were significantly lower in treatment group than those of control group-1 (P ＜ 0.05),and the level of NO was higher in treatment group than that of control group-1 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group-2,levels of TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP and the number,size and thickness of carotid plaques were significantly lower,and levels of HDL-C and NO were significantly increased in treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidences of adverse drug reactions and adverse cerebrovascular events between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The total effective rate was higher in treatment group than that of control group-1 (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in total effective rates between treatment group and control group-2,and between control group-2 and control group-1 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Pushen capsule combined with rosuvastatin calcium can obviously improve blood lipid metabolism in patients with ischemic stroke,which shows obvious antiatherosclerosis effect and good safety.
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Objective To evaluate the application value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ)for evaluating small focal liver lesions.Methods Seventy-seven patients with 89 small focal liver lesions,whose largest diameter were less than or equal to 3 cm were evaluated with VTQ.The shcar wave velocity (SWV) of the tumor and background liver parenchyma were calculated,and their results were compared with those of 40 healthy subjects.Statistical analysis was performed on the SWV for the differentiation of normal liver,background liver parenchyma and lesions.The cut-off point for SWV was obtained by using ROC curve analysis which was used to predict malignancy lesions.Results The SWV of malignant lesions was significantly higher than that of benign ones [(2.56-± 0.67) m/s vs (1.70 ± 0.55) m/s,P =0.000].The SWV of metastatic liver carcinoma which came from lung cancer and breast cancer were higher than that of gastrointestinal tract cancer transfers (P =0.000).Based on 1.93 m/s as the cut-off point of SWV value,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value for diagnosing malignancies were 82.0 ％,84.6％,83.15 ％,87.23 ％ and 78.57 ％ respectively.Conclusions VTQ technique can help the differential diagnosis of small focal liver lesions.
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ObjectiveTo explore the application value of acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.Methods Eighty six patients with 107 lesions were performed ARFI elastography.The stiffness of the masses in virtual touch tissue image(VTI) were scored.The pathological diagnosis as the gold standard,drawed the ROC curve to find the cut off point of area ratio to predict breast cancer.Shear wave velocity(SWV) within the breast masses were measured using virtual touch tissue quantification(VTQ) technique.ResultsThe elastography hardness score higher than grade 4 was mainly distributed in the malignancies compared to benign lesions( P ＜0.01).1.53 as the cut-off point of area ratio,sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing breast cancer were 95.7 ％,92.5 ％.SWV of malignant group higher than benign group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001 ).Conclusions Hardness score in VTI imaging,area ratio of benign and malignant lesions,SWV within the breast masses can help the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.
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ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of detecting liver stiffness by virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) technique and establish a reference range of shear-wave velocity in healthy liver of adults.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-one healthy adults underwent VTQ detection to obtain the shearwave velocities of livers.Each subject received VTQ measurement in four parts of liver.Ten subjects were performed twice by two sonographers,respectively.Results① The liver shear-wave velocities of 161 healthy adults had a 95％ confidence interval from 1.089 to 1.105 m/s.Shear-wave speed values of intrahepatic different parts had no statistically significant.The ICC of measurement value of four parts in healthy liver was 0.80(95 ％ CI:0.75- 0.85).②The difference of shear-wave velocities in healthy livers in different age groups had no statistically significant,whereas the mean values in different gender had statistically significant (P =0.001).③No statistically significant was observed between the mean shear-wave velocity values obtained by different operators (P =0.82).ConclusionsThe liver shear-wave velocities of the healthy group have a reference range from 1.089 to 1.105 m/s.VTQ technique has a good reproduction and stability,therefore,using this technology to assess hepatic stiffness is noninvasive and feasible.
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Objective To explore the correlativity between liver shear-wave velocities and liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis B patients.Methods One hundred and twelve patients with chronic hepatitis B accepted virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) testing to obtain shear-wave speed and compared to histological stages.Each patient received VTQ measurements in right lobe of liver.The standards of histological examination of the stages of fibrosis refered to the Hepatitis Pathology Diagnostic Standard Xi'an formulated in 2000.Results Of 112 patients,S0,S1,S2,S3 and S4 were 15,17,15,23 and 42 respectively.There was no significant statistically difference of the mean values of liver shear-wave speed between S0 and S1,while among the rest subgroup had significant statistically differences by multiple comparisons.The areas under the ROC curves were 0.94 for S2,0.87 for S3,and 0.95 for S4.The cut-off values of the shear wave velocity were as follows:1.27 m/s for S2(sensitivity 80.0％,specificity 89.5％),1.43 m/s for S3 (sensitivity 71.8 ％,specificity 87.7 ％ ) and 1.79 m/s for S4 (sensitivity 83.3 ％,specificity 89.4％).Hepatic fibrosis expressed by the histological scale correlated well with the VTQ values of all patients ( r =0.92).Conclusions Along with the increase of liver fibrosis degree,the hepatic parenchyma shear wave velocities increase gradually.The more advanced the degree of fibrosis,the higher the shear wave velocities.
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Objective To explore the value of the application of vascular enhancement technology (VET) in the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of interventional therapy.Methods B-mode ultrasound,color Doppler and VET were performed on 93 patients with BCS for the systematic detection of intrahepatic vessels and the inferior vena cava (IVC),with the static and dynamic images of these vessels stored prior to interventional therapy.Subsequent to the operation,the same procedures were repeated on the vessels concerned and the images were recorded.The definitions of B-mode and VET images of the detected vessels were compared by two sonography experts.Regarding DSA as standard,the diagnostic accordance rate of VET and B-mode imaging of the diseased vessels was compared.Results Of the 613 vessels detected prior to intervention therapy,440 vessels images were distinct by B-mode and 533 by VET(P<0.05).VET demonstrated 37 intrahepatic collaterals which were invisible by B-mode.Regarding DSA as the gold standard,the diagnostic accordance rate of affected vessels of B-mode and VET was 69.2% and 92.5%,respectively(P<0.05).In total 103 therapeutic vessels,B-mode sonography and VET revealed 81 and 95 distinct vessels,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusions VET can improve the definition of veins and venous stents.The combination of VET and color Doppler can improve the clinical value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of BCS and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of interventional therapy.
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Objective To assess the left ventricular systolic asynchronicity in chronic ischemic model with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE), and to explore the affection of low-dose dobutamine to it. Methods A chronic ischemic model was induced by placing an Ameroid constrictor in the left circumflex(LCX) in swines,then full volume RT-3DE was performed by Philips iE33 with X3-1 probe combining rest and stress(dobutamine stress echocardiography, DSE) every week after LCX constriction.Ten normal pigs before operation served as controls (group A). Examination of all the models post operation were grouped into group B (mild stenosis, LCX stenosis＜50% ), group C (moderate stenosis, LCX stenosis 50%～75%) and group D (severe stenosis, LCX stenosis≥75%) according to the results of coronary angiography. Images were copied to QLAB 5.2 postprocess workstation,and 3DQA software was used to analyze the full volume data sets. The time to the point with minimal systolic volume (Tmsv) in each segment was taken to derive the following indexes of systolic synchrony: the maximum difference of Tmsv (Tmsv-dif) and standard deviation(Tmsv-SD) among various segments and standard index (Tmsv-dif% and Tmsv-SD%), to evaluate left ventricular dyssynchrony. Tmsv3-6 represented the maximum difference of Tmsv between lateral segment and posterior septum (Tmsv3-5: between lateral segment and inferior) in basal level. Results Tmsvl2-Dif%, Tmsv6-Dif%, Tmsv3-6% and Tmsv3-5% under stress condition in group C and D were significantly higher than those at rest;all the data in group D were significantly higher than in group A and B, and in group C higher than group A ( P ＜0.05,0.01 ). Compared with group A,Tmsv6-Dif,Tmsv3-6 and Tmsv3-5 in group B were significantly increased under stress condition,and so did their standardize data under both rest and stress conditions ( P ＜ 0.05, 0. 01 ). Conclusions RT-3DEcombined with DSE could display sensitively the left ventricular asynchrony caused by chronic ischemia,and that will be more significant in lateral wall in LCX stenosis than in normal segments.
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Aim To observe the improvement of visual-auditory cognitive functions in the human entering high altitude by taking in tea polyphenols.Methods Thirty eight males living at 3 700 m high altitudes for 90 days constantly were randomly divided into two groups: ①group Ⅰ(placebo,40 mg/day); ②group Ⅱ(TP,300 mg/day).Cognitive functions were measured by integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test and the difference between groups was evaluated by the comparisons of post-treatment to pre-treatment.Results Compared with pre-treatment,PruA was significantly higher after taking in TP(P
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To study the effect of oxygen enrichment of room air on the change of hemorheology of soldiers after high altitude hypoxia and exhaustion exercise at 3700 altitude, the oxygen concentration was increased to 24 0%～25 0% in the rooms at 3700m altitude, the change of hemorheology in 10 soldiers after they had 12h rest and sleep in the oxygen enrichment room was examined in no oxygen enrichment resting state and in oxygen enrichment state as well as after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room and in oxygen enrichment room.Hematocrit (HCT), blood viscosity (?b), reduction viscosity (?r) and viscometric aggregation index (VAI) were higher after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room as compared with those in no oxygen enrichment resting state, the difference was very significant or signifant ( P 0 05),?b, Plasma viscosity (?p), ?r were decreased after exhaustion exercise in no oxygen enrichment room ( P