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Objective@#To understand the trends on the epidemics of acute meningitis and encephalitis (AME) among children under 18 years-old in Shijiazhuang city, 2007-2017.@*Methods@#Surveillance programs on acute meningitis and encephalitis (AMES) had been conducted in population less than 18 years-old, since 2007. Hospitals at county level or above in Shijiazhuang had been included to carry out the epidemiologic surveillance, including 6 on pathogens, regarding AMES. Qualitative description was performed to describe the epidemiologic patterns and pathogenic spectrums. Annual percent change (APC) was used to demonstrate the secular trends of AME.@*Results@#In 2007-2017, 11 222 locally developed AME cases that younger than 18 years-old, were reported in Shijiazhuang, with the annual average incidence rate as 108.62/100 000 (1 021/939 974) and APC as 4.81%(95%CI: 3.90%-5.93%)(t=23.01, P<0.001). Age-specific incidence appeared the highest among 4-5 years-old (242.96 cases per 100 000 children per year). Significant differences were found among children of other aged years except aged 0- years (aged 1- years t=20.21, P=0.004; aged 2- years t=19.41, P=0.006; aged 3- years t=23.50, P<0.001; aged 4- years t=31.76, P<0.001; aged 5- years t=18.53, P=0.008; aged 10-17 years t=12.82, P=0.023). The ratio of male to female was 1.46 ∶ 1 (6 652/4 570). The ratio of urban to rural cases was 0.28 ∶ 1 (2 456/8 766). A total of 57.73% (6 478/11 222) of the cases were seen between June and September. The overall positive rate of pathogens was 20.07% (658/3 123) among these patients. The top five pathogens appeared as Enterovirus (44.68%, 264/658), Cryptococcus neoformans (9.12%, 60/658), Japanese encephalitis virus (8.66%, 57/658), Streptococcus pneumoniae (6.99%, 47/658) and Varicella-zoster virus (6.69%, 44/658).@*Conclusions@#AME seriously harms the health of population under 18 years-old in Shijiazhuang city, with aged 3- years, aged 4- years in particular. Continued improvement on surveillance and expanded immunization are important to AME prevention and control.
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BACKGROUND:More recently, studies have demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can be induced in vitro to differentiate into neuron-like cel s that are used for in vivo transplantation to repair nerve damage. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on learning and memory ability of senile dementia rats. METHODS:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group, stem cel therapy group and model control group. Rats in the latter two groups were used to establish animal models of senile dementia by intracranial injection ofβ-amyloid 1-40. Three weeks after modeling, rats were given bilateral hippocampal injection of induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel suspension in the stem cel therapy group, whereas no treatment was given in the normal control and model control groups. Morris water maze test was used to detect learning and memory ability of rats, and rat’s brain tissues were detected pathological y using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After modeling, the escape latency was higher and the cross-platform frequency was lower in the model control group compared with the normal control group. After cel transplantation, the escape latency and cross-platform frequency were gradual y shortened and increased with time, respectively. Compared with the model control group, the learning and memory abilities of rats were improved in the stem cel therapy group. The brain tissues were relatively intact in structure and exhibited less cel degeneration and necrosis in the stem cel therapy group compared with the model control group. To conclude, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation exerts certain therapeutic effects on senile dementia by effectively improving the learning and memory ability.
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BACKGROUND:Neural stem cel transplantation has been used to treat a series of brain injury diseases, such as cerebral palsy, but its effect on Alzheimer’s disease is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of neural stem cel transplantation on the behavior and immune regulating system of Alzheimer’s disease rats. METHODS:Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were enrol ed to make a postcerebral incision and given hippocampal injection of amanita phal oides acid to establish rat models of Alzheimer’s disease. Another 10 rats were only given hippocampal injection of normal saline after preparation of postcerebral skin incision as sham operation group. Then 32 successful rat models were randomly divided into two groups (n=16 per group):rats in experimental group were administrated hippocamal injection of 5×109/L al ogeneic neural stem cel suspension;those in model group were given no injection. Five-day Morris water maze test was conducted at 4 weeks after transplantation. At 1 week after Morris water maze test, levels of interleukin-1 and interleukin-10 in the cerebral homogenate were detected, as wel as pathological changes of brain tissues were observed in the three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, the abilities of cognition and memory were significantly higher in the sham operation group (P<0.01), and the abilities of spatial learning and memory were significantly higher in the experimental group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Levels of interleukin-1 and interleukin-10 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (P<0.01) but significantly lower than those in the experimental group ( P<0.01). Besides, the number of neurons in the model group was obviously less than that in the experimental and sham operation group. These results indicate that neural stem cell transplantation supplements and protects neurons against Alzheimer's disease in rats, thereby significantly improving the learning and memory ability.
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Objective To study the trends over time in meningococcal meningitis with Neisseria meningitidis .Methods Routine reported data on Meningococcal meningitis with Neisseria meningitidis in Shijiazhuang from 1949 to 2014 were used to study the trends of disease severity,disease distribution and serogroup switching of Neisseria meningitidis strains over time.The qualitative description and the quantitative evaluation was performed by the annual percent change (APC)in incidence to demonstrate the secular trends.The t test and χ2 test were performed when appropriate.Results From 1949 to 2014, 53 779 meningococcal meningitis cases were reported in Shijiazhuang.Of the 53 779 cases,36 170 were male and 17 609 were female,which was significantly different (χ2 =581 .04,P =0.000).It occurred all the year round,with an increased incidence between February and April,accounting for 81 .44%.The epidemic peak occurred about every 10 years.The range of annual incidence rate was from 0.01/lakh to 387.21/lakh.APC was -4.65 (t=-11 .72,P =0.000).The significant decline of APC were found in the age group of 0—1 year (t=-10.56,P =0.000),1 —5 year (t =-14.32,P =0.000),5 —10 year (t=-11 .01 ,P =0.003 ),10—15 year (t = -8.34,P =0.033 )and 40—50 year (t = -7.42,P =0.045).The risk population was those under 5 years old during 1949 to 2002 period and the serogroup was dominated by A strains.Whereas during 2003 to 2014,that was those of 5 —15 years old,and the dominant serogroup was C strains. Conclusions There is a remarkable decline in incidence of meningococcal meningitis in Shijiazhuang.The serogroup changes from A strains to C strains and the risk population of cases shifts to older children.
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Aim To investigate the effect of artesunate on the invasion of human colon cancer Lovo cells and the possible mechanisms. Methods After Lovo cells were treated with different doses of artesunate(20,80, 160 μmol·L - 1 ), the soft agar colony formation test was adopted to observe the anchorage-independent pro-liferation of Lovo cells. Transwell assay was used to determine the effect of artesunate on the invasion abili-ty of Lovo cells. And the protein expressions of HMGB1 and MMP-2 were investigated by western blot. Results Artesunate could significantly inhibit both proliferation and invasion ability of Lovo cells in a dose-dependent manner(P < 0. 01). The experimental group treated with artesunate significantly down-regula-ted the protein expressions of HMGB1 and MMP-2 compared with control group(P < 0. 05). Conclusion Artesunate could inhibit the invasion of human colon cancer Lovo cells by down-regulating HMGB1 and MMP-2 expressions.
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In a previous study, we cloned popW from Ralstonia solanacearum strain ZJ3721, coding PopW, a new harpin protein. The procaryotically expressed PopW can induce resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), enhance growth and improve quality of tobacco, when sprayed onto tobacco leaves. Here, we constructed an expression vector pB- popW by cloning popW into the bionary vector pBI121 and transformed it into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 via freeze-thaw method. Tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum cv. Xanthi nc.) transformation was conducted by infection of tobacco leaf discs with recombinant A. tumefaciens. After screening on MS medium containing kanamycin, PCR and RT-PCR analysis, 21 T3 lines were identified as positive transgenic. Genomic intergration and expression of the transferred gene were determined by PCR and RT-PCR. And GUS staining analysis indicated that the protein expressed in transgenic tobacco was bioactive and exhibited different expression levels among lines. Disease bioassays showed that the transgenic tobacco had enhanced resistance to TMV with biocontrol efficiency up to 54.25%. Transgenic tobacco also exhibited enhanced plant growth, the root length of 15 d old seedlings was 1.7 times longer than that of wild type tobacco. 60 d after transplanting to pots, the height, fresh weight and dry weight of transgenic tobacco were 1.4, 1.7, 1.8 times larger than that of wild type tobacco, respectively.
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Animals , Agrobacterium tumefaciens , Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins , Genetics , Disease Resistance , Genetics , Genetic Vectors , Phenotype , Plant Diseases , Virology , Plants, Genetically Modified , Genetics , Nicotiana , Genetics , Tobacco Mosaic Virus , Transformation, GeneticABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo review the major complications in patients after transurethal electrovaporization of the prostate (TUVP) and transurethal plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) retrospectively and to analyze the causes and management.MethodsClinical data of 92 cases of patients after TUVP and 226 cases after PKRP were reviewed retrospectively.The patients' relevant circumstances including subjective symptoms,objective indexes and the major long-term complications were followed up about 1-,3-,and 5-year after operation.Different therapeutic methods were chosen according to different causes of the complications.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05 ) between TUVP group and PKRP group in IPSS (7.3±2.8,7.2±2.5),QOL (2.6±0.7,2.7 ±0.5),Qmax[ (25.2±3.5),(25.5 ±3.8) ml/s] and PVR [(18.7 ±5.4),(17.8 ±6.3)ml].The incidences of bladder neck restriction was about 1.1％,3.3％,and 2.3％ after 1,3,and5 years in patients after TUVP,and 0.9％,2.7％,and 1.8％ after PKRP accordingly.For urethral stricture,it was about 3.3％,2.2％,and 1.1％ after TUVP,and 3.1％,2.2％,and 0.9％ after PKRP.For residual prostatic hyperplasia,it was about 1.1％,2.2％,and 4.5％ after TUVP,and 1.3％,2.7％,and 3.7％ after PKRP accordingly.ConclusionsTUVP and PKRP are effective and safe treatment options for BPH.The major long-term complications after TUVP and PKRP are bladder neck restriction,urethral stricture and residual prostatic hyperplasia.Regular and long-term follow-up is required for patients after TUVP and PKRP.Different therapeutic methods should be chosen according to different causes of the complications after operation.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of solifenacin in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome in patients who have undergone transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods According to the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), 64 cases with OAB symptoms after TURP were randomly assigned into study and control groups with 32 cases in each group. Patients in the study group were treated with solifenacin (5 mg once daily) for a two week period beginning the first day after catheter removal. Patients in the control group were not treated with solifenacin. The mean urgency episodes, micturition episodes, nocturia, urge incontinence, volume voided per micturition, Qmax and OABSS scores were recorded on the 7th and the 14th day after catheter removal. Treatment-emergent adverse events with solifenacin in the study group were recorded and evaluated as well. All cases were followed-up for 8 weeks after catheter removal. Results There were statistically significant differences (P<0.01) in favor of the study group over the control group in the aspect of urgency, micturition episodes, nocturia, urge incontinence, volume voided per micturition and OABSS scores. The incidences of treatment related adverse events were 12.5% (4/32) in the study group with no serious adverse event observed. Conclusions Solifenacin is effective in the treatment of OAB syndrome after TURP and is well tolerated as well. Application of solifenacin should be recommended earlier after TURP.
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Objective To observe the effect of Shenqi Jiangtang granule (SJG) on atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) of lower extremity in patients with early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. 30 patients in the treatment group were treated by SJG and 30 patients in the control group were given Cilostazo. Both groups were treated for 3 months. Lower extremity vascular color Doppler image, blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before and after the treatment. Results The thickness of atherosclerosis (AS) plaque and arterial media were obviously reduced (t=3.376, 3.468, P<0.05) , serum levels of IL-6 were also be lowered obviously (t=3.345, P<0.05) in the treatment group. While these indexes remained unchanged in the control group. Conclusion SJG has remarkable action in reducing the thickness of AS plaque and media of artery. The mechanism might be related with its reducing serum IL-6 level.
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Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and operation timing of laparoscopic cholecys-tectomy in treatment of gallbladder calculi incarceration. Methods The data of 280 cases of gallbladder stone incarceration performed by LC were retrospectively analyzed. Results Eight out of 280 cases were converted to open cholecystectomy. The successful rate of LC was 97. 1%. There were no complications such as bile and intestinal injury. Conclusion LC for gallbladder calculi incarceration is safe and feasible as long as operators have skilled technique and make right decisions on operation timing.
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Objective To observe the effect of Shenqi Jiangtang Keli (SJK) on atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) of lower extremity in patients with early type 2 diabetes meliitus (T2DM). Methods The patients were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The 30 patients in the treatment group were treated by SJK and the 30 in the control group were given Cilostazo, with both groups were treated for 3 months. Lower extremity vascular color Doppler image, blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before and after the treatment,. Results The thickness of atherosclerosis (AS) plaque and arterial intimamedia were obviously reduced (t=3.376, 3.468, P< 0.05 ), serum levels of IL-6 were also be lowered obviously (t=3.345, P<0.05) in the treatment group. While these indexes remained unchanged in the control group. Conclusion SJK has remarkable action in reducing the thickness of AS plaque and intima-media of artery. Its mechanism might be related with reducing serum IL-6 level.
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Objective To understand the relationship between the requirement and the consumption of the health management, and provide the theoretical basis for the developing of China health management. Methods It took the survey to understand the relationship among 152 medical staffs from the six counties surrounding with Shi Jiazhuang downtown. Results 85.5%of medical staffs always and almost accept health advisory and provide health guidance. There are not the direct relationship between the requirement and the consumption(x2 = 9.39,P＞0.05 ). Health advice and guidance are not translated into the concepts of investment on the health management and disease prevention (x2 = 1.69, P＞0.05 ). The medical staffs don't realize it is important to invest on the health. Conclusions Related industries should strengthen the training on the health management, publicize this profession, promote the development of health management services and improve the national health quality.[ Key words] Health promotion ; Needs assessment; Economics
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Objective To summarize the experience of heart-lung transplantation.Methods Four patients with Eisenmenger’s syndrome underwent heart-lung homoplastic transplantation. All patients were complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension in New York Heart Association ( NYHA ) functional class IV. Cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass consisted of a cannula in the high ascending aorta and separate vena caval cannulas. The heart-lung graft was moved into the chest, beginning with passage of the lung before the phrenic nerve pedicle. The bronchus was trimmed, leaving two cartilaginous rings proximal to the orifice of the upper lobe. The tracheal anastomosis was performed with a continuous 4-0 polypropylene suture, with the posterior portion continuously and anterior interrupted. The lungs were then ventilated (
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Taxonomy of genus Rhodococcus has been changing since it was set up by Zopf in 1891 The classification of the genus has been changed dramatically in recent years, with the species being reclassified and new species described Th e changing of taxonomy is mainly on the methods' altering from old morphological to modern polyphasic taxonomy Additionally, there has been increased interest i n rhodococcus for its abilities to degrade a range of environmental pollutants a nd to transform or synthesize compounds with possible usefull application