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OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction technology fo r phenylethanol glycosides from Cistanche deserticola by natural deep eutectic solvents （NADESs），and to provide reference for the development and utilization of C. deserticola . METHODS The optimal NADESs was selected using total extraction efficiency of echinacoside ，acteoside and isoacteoside as indexes. Based on single factor test ，response surface methodology was used to select the optimal NADESs molar ratio ，the optimal NADESs water content ，the optimal liquid-solid ratio ；and the results were optimized by genetic algorithm . Using vitamin C （VC） as positive control ，the extraction effects of NADESs and traditional solvent （50％ methanol）were compared in respects of extraction efficiency and antioxidant activities. RESULTS The optimal extraction solution was NADES- 11 composed of 1， 4-butanediol and malonic acid. The optimal extraction technology was as follows as the molar ratio of 1，4-butanediol-malonic acid was 1 ∶ 2.5，water content of NADES- 11 was 18％，liquid-solid ratio was 30 mL/g，extraction time was 30 min and extraction temperature was 30 ℃. The extraction efficiency of NADES- 11 was significantly higher than that of 50％ methanol（P＜0.05）. IC 50 values of NADES- 11 extract（261.17 and 744.34 µg/mL）to 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine radical and hydroxyl radical were all lower than those of 50％ methanol extract （420.97 and 1 175.12 μg/mL）. Ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity of Δ 基金项目 内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目（No.00120209）；内 NADES-11 extract（17.19 and 360.80 mg VC/g ）was higher 蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目 （No.2021MS08011）；内蒙古自治 than that of 50％ methanol extract （10.67 and 228.54 mg 区医疗卫生科技计划项目（No.202201367）；包头医学院“花蕾计划”项 VC/g）. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction process of 目（No.HL2021046） phenylethanol glycosides from C. deserticola using NADESs is ＊第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向：中蒙药药效成分。E-mail： environmental，stable and feasible. dongjiani369@126.com
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Objective@#To explore the prevalence and related factors of suicide attempt among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to provide a scientific theoretical basis for preventing suicide attempts in patients with MDD.@*Methods@#The researchers selected 162 patients with MDD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) diagnostic criteria from some patients presenting in the department of Psychology at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University during the January 2017 to March 2018, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR Patient version (SCID-P) as a screening tool. The self-designed General Information Questionnaire and Hamilton Depression Scale-17 items (HAMD-17) were used to investigate and evaluate the factors that affected suicide attempt.@*Results@#The detection rate of suicide attempt was 17.3% (28/162). Compared with the two groups with or without a history of suicide attempt, the age of the MDD patients (Z=-2.183, P=0.029), the place of residence of the MDD patients (χ2=5.405, P=0.020), and the total score of the HAMD-17 scale (t=-2.132, P=0.035), the score of the depression factor (Z=-3.627, P<0.001), guilt factor score (Z=-3.086, P=0.002), the score of the suicidal ideation factor (Z=-5.088, P<0.001) and sleepiness score (Z=-2.021, P=0.043) were significantly different. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=0.930, P=0.022) was a protective factor of suicide attempt and the residence in rural areas (OR=3.955, P=0.038), severe depression (OR=3.795, P=0.020) and suicidal ideation (OR=2.496, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for attempted suicide.@*Conclusions@#Residence in rural areas, younger age, suicidal ideation and depression are independent risk factors for suicide attempt of depressive patients. Clinical psychologists in general hospitals should strengthen the evaluation of these factors when inquiring to prevent the occurrence of suicide attempt.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the prevalence and related factors of suicide attempt among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to provide a scientific theoretical basis for preventing suicide attempts in patients with MDD.Methods The researchers selected 162 patients with MDD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) diagnostic criteria from some patients presenting in the department of Psychology at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University during the January 2017 to March 2018,using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR Patient version (SCID-P) as a screening tool.The self-designed General Information Questionnaire and Hamilton Depression Scale-17 items (HAMD-17) were used to investigate and evaluate the factors that affected suicide attempt.Results The detection rate of suicide attempt was 17.3％ (28/162).Compared with the two groups with or without a history of suicide attempt,the age of the MDD patients (Z =-2.183,P =0.029),the place of residence of the MDD patients (x2 =5.405,P =0.020),and the total score of the HAMD-17 scale (t =-2.132,P =0.035),the score of the depression factor (Z =-3.627,P ＜ 0.001),guilt factor score (Z =-3.086,P =0.002),the score of the suicidal ideation factor (Z =-5.088,P ＜0.001) and sleepiness score (Z =-2.021,P =0.043) were significantly different.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR =0.930,P =0.022) was a protective factor of suicide attempt and the residence in rural areas (OR =3.955,P =0.038),severe depression (OR =3.795,P =0.020) and suicidal ideation (OR =2.496,P =0.002) were independent risk factors for attempted suicide.Conclusions Residence in rural areas,younger age,suicidal ideation and depression are independent risk factors for suicide attempt of depressive patients.Clinical psychologists in general hospitals should strengthen the evaluation of these factors when inquiring to prevent the occurrence of suicide attempt.