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Hepatitis E virus （HEV） infection can cause acute， fulminant， and chronic hepatitis and is thus a worldwide health problem. The general population has no obvious symptoms or only mild symptoms after HEV infection， and most symptoms are self-limited and are easily ignored in clinical diagnosis. Previous reports have shown that HEV infection can cause dysfunction in multiple systems， especially the blood system， in which it often leads to a series of adverse outcomes. Comprehensive evaluation， early diagnosis， and early intervention of these HEV-related diseases will greatly reduce the medical burden of individuals and society. With reference to the previous reports， this article reviews the blood system diseases associated with HEV infection.
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BACKGROUND:Stem cell transplantation can, in theory, rebuild the immune system and regulate immunologic function. In addition, the transplanted stem cells may differentiate into tissues or cells we want. Therefore, this intervention may restore gastrointestinal inflammatory lesion and exert therapeutic effect on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). OBJECTIVE:To review the application of different kinds of stem cells in IBD treatment. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI, PubMed and FMJS was performed for articles concerning stem cel transplantation and IBD published after January 2002. The key words were stem cells, inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's diseases, ulcerative colitis, cell therapy in Chinese and English respectively. At last, 49 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells both have certain therapeutic benefits in IBD. But which kind of stem cell is the safest and most efficacious cannot be confirmed, and at the same time the most effective and the optimal dose and way of transplantation of such cells are still unclear. All in all, there is still a lot of work to do to remove the obstacles.
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BACKGROUND: Spine has a variety of morphological structures and complicated adjacent location, so the surgery to treat spinal abnormality is a difficult. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can transform 3D digital model into physical model, which has been widely used in the field of medicine, even popularized gradually in spine surgery. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application and status of 3D printing technology in spine surgery, and to make aprospect. METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI, Baidu Xueshu, Google Scholar, WanFang and PubMed databases for the articles published from 2010 to 2016 using the keywords of 3D printing technology, spine surgery, navigation template,spine physical model, pedicle screw, individualized implants, clinical teaching in Chinese and English, respectively.Finally 29 eligible literatures were enrolled for further analysis in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 3D printing technology has been extensively applied in spine surgery, and shows rapid development in preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative navigation, communication, teaching, graft production, implant customization, bone tissue engineering and other aspects. With the development of society, and medical imaging, 3D printing technology will be more promising in the field of medicine, especially in spine surgery
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OBJECTIVE:To focus on the situation of clinical pharmacists particpating in the clinical drug treatment consulta-tion in China. METHODS:With the keywords of“clinical pharmacists”,“consultation”and others,retrieved from China Hospital Knowledge Database (CHKD),Wanfang Database and China BioMedical Literature Service System (SinoMed),the situation of clinical pharmacists particpating in the clinical drug treatment consultation in China was concluded and summarized. RESULTS:A total of 186 literatures were included,invloving 114 effective literatures. 2 606 cases were clinical pharmacists particpating in the clinical drug treatment consultation,2 257 cases were all or part of adoption of clinical pharmacists’suggestions,the execution lev-el of clinicians for clinical pharmacists’consultation suggestions reached 93.02%. After carrying out the clinical pharmacists’con-sultation suggestions,patients’condition improved or cured reached 2 290 cases,with the effective rate of 94.47%. CONCLU-SIONS:Clinical pharmacists participating in the clinical consultation has certain function,however,the working method and mode need to be further explored and standarized.
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Objective: To explore the effect of umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation on axon regeneration in spinal cord injury (SCl)in rats. Methods: The umbilical cord blood was collected and prepared into suitable concentration of CD34 positive stem cells. Thirty SD rats were divided into two groups randomly. One group served as control, another one was the treatment group. The models of spinal cord contusion injury were made by Allen's weight dropping method. One week later,the treatment group was transplanted with 10x105 umbilical cord blood stem cells with Hamilton micro-syringe at the sites of rostral and caudal to the lesioned zone respectively, while control group received just the same volume of PBS injection. Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 1 w, 2 w and 6 w after this operation. Histological and immunohistochemieal examinations including GAP-43 and NF200 were used to evaluate axon regeneration. Meanwhile, BBB motion scoring and inclined plane test were performed to assess the motion function changes of hindlimbs. Results: Compared to the control group, the area of cavity in the lesioned spinal cord region decreased significantly and the expressions of GAP-43 and NF200 increased markedly in cell transplantation group. Also the motion function had better restoration in the treatment group. Conclusion: Transplantation of umbilical cord blood stem cell may achieve both morphological and behavioral improvement for the injured spinal cord.
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Objective: To explore and evaluate the biomechanic relationships between different depth of pedicle screw penetration with the sagittal plane reconstruction in thoracolumbar fracture. Methods:Six fresh cadaveric specimens of lumbar spine from L_1 to L_3 were used to make the model of thoracolumbar fracture. The system of universal spine system( USS )pedicle screw was adopted with the 6 mm diameter of screw. Each of two Schanz screws was implanted into the pedicles of L_1 and L_3 A canulated screw was fixed into the former of vertebral body in L_1 and L_3, and the distance of the two canulated screws was taken as the normal height. The axial loads were given while the pedicle screws were implanted at the depth of D1, D2 and D3, and the distance of the two canulated screw was measured as well as the distance was reduced to the normal height by axial load. The index measured included of the depth of pedicle screw penetration, the height of fractured vertebral body and afterload. Results: Along with the increasing of afterload, the height of injured vertebral body was increased accordingly, but the extent was different at three depth of pedicle screw penetration (D1, D2, and D3). While the injured vertebral body was reduced totally (reduced distance 0.00 mm), there was (2 630±13) g of afterload needed in Dl depth, and (2 339±61) g and(2 221± 164) g of afterload in D2 and D3 depth respectively. There was significant difference in distance between D1, D2 and D3 (P 0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship in the depth of pedicle screw penetration, the capacity of reduction and sagittal plane reconstruction. The depth of pedicle screw had a significant effect on the capacity of reduction for the injured vertebral body, which would be the best option in biomechanics when the pedicle screw was implanted more than 1/2 pedicle or all of it.