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Objective:To explore the characteristics and differences of oxygenated hemoglobin responses in different brain regions in adolescent depressive disorder patients and healthy adolescents during speech fluency task based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging.Methods:From March 2021 to June 2021, twenty-nine adolescents with depression(depressed group) and 26 healthy adolescents(normal group) were enrolled. The severity of depression was assessed by Hamilton depression scale, and the speech fluency task was performed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging, and the relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin in the prefrontal and bilateral temporal lobes were measured.SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, chi-square test was used for gender count data. The t-test was used for comparison of two groups. The measurement data that did not conform to normal distribution were compared between the two groups by Mann-Whitney U test. Results:In the speech fluency task, there was no significant difference in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in prefrontal and left temporal between the depressed group and the normal group (both P>0.05); the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the right temporal lobe(-9.179(-22.231, 4.789)) of depressed group was significantly lower than that of the normal group (12.754(-9.438, 35.008)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=538.00, P<0.05). The oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in right temporal lobe of depressed group had no correlation with the score of Hamilton depression rating scale ( r=0.092, P>0.05). Conclusion:The right temporal lobe function of adolescent depression patients is lower than that of healthy controls during speech fluency tasks, which provides a basis for study of the relationship between depression and some cognitive sensitivity impairment and the function of right temporal lobe.
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Lung nodules are the main manifestation of early lung cancer. So accurate detection of lung nodules is of great significance for early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. However, the rapid and accurate detection of pulmonary nodules is a challenging task due to the complex background, large detection range of pulmonary computed tomography (CT) images and the different sizes and shapes of pulmonary nodules. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-scale feature fusion algorithm for the automatic detection of pulmonary nodules to achieve accurate detection of pulmonary nodules. Firstly, a three-layer modular lung nodule detection model was designed on the deep convolutional network (VGG16) for large-scale image recognition. The first-tier module of the network is used to extract the features of pulmonary nodules in CT images and roughly estimate the location of pulmonary nodules. Then the second-tier module of the network is used to fuse multi-scale image features to further enhance the details of pulmonary nodules. The third-tier module of the network was fused to analyze the features of the first-tier and the second-tier module of the network, and the candidate box of pulmonary nodules in multi-scale was obtained. Finally, the candidate box of pulmonary nodules under multi-scale was analyzed with the method of non-maximum suppression, and the final location of pulmonary nodules was obtained. The algorithm is validated by the data of pulmonary nodules on LIDC-IDRI common data set. The average detection accuracy is 90.9%.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect and mechanisms of CHL1 gene overexpression on cell viability, invasiveness and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells.@*Methods@#The empty plasmid (pcDNA3.1 group) and CHL1 recombinant plasmid (pcDNA3.1-CHL1 group) were transfected into SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, and the untransfected cells were used as blank control. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the protein expressions of CHL1, PCNA, MMP-2, Bax, STAT3 and p-STAT3 were detected by western blot. Meanwhile, cell viability, invasion and apoptosis were detected by MTT, transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively.@*Results@#The expression level of CHL1 protein in pcDNA3.1-CHL1 group was 0.612±0.052, which was higher than that of pcDNA3.1 group 0.122±0.014 and blank control group 0.120±0.013, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). After 24, 48 and 72 hours of transfection, the absorbance (A) values of SK-N-SH cells in the pcDNA3.1-CHL1 group were 0.328±0.035, 0.502±0.051 and 0.688±0.064, respectively, whereas those in the pcDNA3.1 group were 0.562±0.050, 0.796±0.065 and 0.973±0.077, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The invaded cells in the pcDNA3.1-CHL1 group were 104.9±3.7, which were lower than that in the pcDNA3.1 group (175.6±4.6), with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Additionally, the apoptotic rate of pcDNA3.1-CHL1 cells was (23.46±1.22)%, which was higher than that in pcDNA3.1 group (3.45±0.20)%(P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of PCNA, MMP-2, Bax and p-STAT3 proteins in pcDNA3.1-CHL1 group were 0.156±0.018, 0.122±0.015, 0.285±0.032 and 0.023±0.004, respectively, whereas those in pcDNA3.1 group were 0.542±0.053, 0.196±0.021, 0.073±0.009 and 0.057±0.007, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between two groups (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Overexpression of CHL1 inhibits the cell viability and invasion, as well as induces apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells, which is related to the inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new technique applied in cardiovascular system. It can detect vessel intimal, small structure of plaque surface and discover small lesions with its high axial resolution and quantification character. Especially with the application of OCT in characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, diagnosis and treatment strategy making, optimizing percutaneous coronary intervention therapy and assessment after stent planting make the OCT become an efficient tool for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment. This paper presents a novel coronary vessel intimal sequence extraction method based on prior boundary constraints in OCT image. On the basis of conventional Chan-Vese model, we modified the evolutionary weight function to control the evolutionary rate of boundary by adding local information of boundary curve. At the same time, we added the gradient energy term and intimal boundary constraint term based on priori boundary condition to further control the evolutionary of boundary curve. At last, coronary vessel intimal is extracted in a sequence way. The comparison with vessel intimal, manual segmented by clinical scientists (golden standard), indicates that our coronary vessel intimal extraction method is robust to intimal boundary blur, distortion, guide wire shadow and plaque disturbs. The results of this study can be applied to clinical aid diagnosis and precise diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective To explore the role of histone H3 acetylation modification of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods 2 months and 8 months SAMP8 mice were used as AD model.Morris water maze was used to detect the impairment of learning and memory.Western blot was used to detect BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus,and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) was applied to study the changes of histone H3 acetylation in different BDNF promoters.Results The results of water maze test showed that the time across the target quadrant in 8 months SAMP8 mice(0.9±0.4) was significant declined compared with that of 2 months SAMP8 mice(3.7 ± ±0.9) and 8 months SAMR1 mice (3.3±0.6)(all P＜0.05).Meanwhile,compared with 2 months SAMP8 mice ((23.9±4.0) s) and 8 months SAMR1 mice ((21.5± 2.3) s),target quadrant time in the 8 months SAMP8 mice((11.7±2.8) s) was also significantly reduced(both P＜0.05).The western blot showed the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of 8 months SAMP8 mice was significantly decreased compared with that of 2 months SAMP8 mice and 8 months SAMR1 mice(P＜0.05).Lastly,CHIP assays showed that histone H3 acetylation of BDNF exon Ⅳ and Ⅵ in the hippocampus of 8 months SAMP8 mice were remarkably decreased(P＜0.05) compared with that of 2 months SAMP8 mice and 8 months SAMR1 mice.There was no significant change of histone H3 acetylation of BDNF exon Ⅰ and Ⅲ among all groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Histone H3 acetylation of BDNF exon Ⅳ and Ⅵ is reduced during the development of AD,which may be the mechanism underlying the impairment of learning and memory in AD.
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Objective To investigate effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on changes of the behavior and the monoamine neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum (ST), amygdala (AM) and hippocampus (HIP) in rat model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), and to explore the possible mechanisms related to the NAC. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawle (SD) rats were divided into CUS group, fluoxetine group (FLX), NAC group and control group (n=8 for each group). Rats in CUS group, NAC group and FLX group were all fed alone and received CUS for 6 weeks to establish CUS model. Rats in NAC group and FLX group were given NAC and FLX by daily intragastric administration respectively during the last 3 weeks, while rats in CUS group and control group were given the same volume of solvent. Behavioral assessment including weight measurement, sucrose water consumption test, and opened field test were used for evaluation before and after CUS, and before and after intervention. The concentrations of the monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, DA, 5-HT) in PFC, ST, AM and HIP were measured with Coul array HPLC. Results (1) There were more increases in weight gain, sucrose consumption, and distance of horizontal moving and number of up-right, while the number of feces was less, after intervention in control group, NAC group and FLX group than those of CUS group (P<0.05). (2) Neurotransmitters including NE, DA and 5-HT were significantly decreased in PFC, ST, AM and HIP in CUS group compared with that of control group (P<0.05). The monoamine neurotransmitter (NE, DA and 5-HT) were significantly increased in the brain region (PFC, ST, AM and HIP) in NAC group and FLX group than those of CUS group (P < 0.05). Conclusion NAC and fluoxetine can effectively improve the depressive behavior of the CUS rats, increase the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters including NE, DA and 5-HT in PFC, AM, ST and HIP brain regions.
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Objective To explore the childhood abuse impact on clinical and personality characters among anxiety associated depressive patients.Methods A case-control method was taken among 86 anxiety associated depression patients,36 cases with childhood abuse and controlled with 50 cases without childhood abuse.HAMD,HAMA,CECA-Q,MMPI were used to evaluate the participants,and the scores of the results were compared between the two groups.Results For the HAND,the group with CA were significantly higher than the group without CA(t=7.079,P＜0.05).From the point of factor scores,there was not a significant difference between the two groups among the factors such as anxiety somatization,cognitive impairment,and hopelessness.From the point of view of the total scores of HAMA (t=3.108) and spiritual anxiety (t=4.037),somatic anxiety (t=2.742) the CA group was significantly higher than group without CA(P＜0.05).In the patients with CA the psychoticism(P) (t=2.794) and neuroticism (N) (t=3.217) factors were significantly higher than patients without CA (P＜0.05).MMPI evaluation results showed accept ance T points in addition to lie(L),calibration(K),male woman(Mf),light mania(Ma),the CA group were significantly higher than the group without CA(P＜0.05).T points to compare two groups of MMPI additional factor scale,the adaptation to the society (A),emotional intelligence (EQ),decisionmaking ability (DE),CA group were lower than the group without CA,violence (VL),traffic accident (DR) and addiction(SA) with CA group was higher than the group without CA(P＜0.05).The regression analysis showed that the emotional neglect score and HAMD scores were positively related in the relationship of the childhood abuse and depression.Y =3.729+0.887 X(P=0.000).Sexual abuse score and HAND scores were related,regression analysis showed that the Y =9.799 + 0.655 X (P =0.000).Conclusions The clinical patients with CA have more severe symptoms than the patients without CA.Personality is extraversion more emotionally unstable.Their emotional intelligence and decision-making comprehensive ability is low,and violence tendency is obvious.Emotional neglect and sexual abuse have an important impact in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Objective To identify the role of the IKK / NF-kappa B signaling pathways in the acquisition and consolidation of extinction memory in conditioning fear.Methods Aduh SD rats were treated with nuclei buried surgery.After a week recovery from nuclei buried surgery,adult SD rats accepted auditory fear conditioning training.Before the extinction training,bilateral intra-BLA infusion of sulfasalazine(SSZ),an inhibitor of IKK/NFκ B,and Vehicle were done.The freezing time were tested on the 24h and 1w after the extinction.Results After training,all the rats showed higher percentage of freezing time than the baseline(Vehicle:pre-CS 21.16％,post-CS 71.23％,P＜0.01 ; SSZ:pre-CS 22.23％,post-CS 72.14％,P＜0.01).The percentage of freezing time had no significant difference(SSZ 47.52％,Vehicle 46.20％,P＞0.05)between Vehicle and SSZ at the end of extinction training.However,SSZ groups showed significantly higher percentage of freezing time than the control group on the 24h(Vehicle 41.03％,SSZ 60.51％,P＜0.01) and the same was found on 1 weck test(Vehicle 34.17％,SSZ 57.21％,P＜ 0.01).The rats injection with SSZ showed significant fear response for the auditory fear condition.Conclusion All above results suggest that interference of IKK/NF-κ B signaling pathway impaire the consolida tion but have no effect on the acquisition of fear extinction memory in conditioning fear.The available date could provide us some clinical guidance in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder.
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Due to the characteristics and environmental factors, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are usually interfered by noises in the course of signal acquisition, so it is crucial for ECG intelligent analysis to eliminate noises in ECG signals. On the basis of wavelet transform, threshold parameters were improved and a more appropriate threshold expression was proposed. The discrete wavelet coefficients were processed using the improved threshold parameters, the accurate wavelet coefficients without noises were gained through inverse discrete wavelet transform, and then more original signal coefficients could be preserved. MIT-BIH arrythmia database was used to validate the method. Simulation results showed that the improved method could achieve better denoising effect than the traditional ones.
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Humans , Algorithms , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Databases, Factual , Electrocardiography , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Wavelet AnalysisABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the difference of the oxytocin Levels and cortisol levels between major depression patients and normal controls,and the relationship of symptoms severity of major depression with oxytocin levels and cortisol levels.MethodsTwenty 18 ～ 45years old major depression patients and twenty six normal controls were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the oxytocin levels and cortisol levels,and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 item was used to evaluate the symptoms severity of depression in patient group.ResultsMann-Whitney test showed there were significantly differences in oxytocin level between patients and controls ( ( 213.60 ± 164.29 ) pg/ml vs ( 112.27 ± 101.21 ) pg/ml,z =- 2.306,P =0.021 ),but there were no significantly differences in cortisol level between two groups.Within the depressive sample( (0.131± 0.089) vs (0.107 ± 0.077 ) pg/ul,z =- 0.920,P =0.358 ),the severity of depressive symptom was positive correlated to the value of oxytocin ( r=0.599,P=0.005) and cortisol( r=0.691,P=0.001 ),the value of oxytocin was also positive correlated to the value of cortisol( r =0.743,P ＜ 0.01 ),Multiple liner regression analyses showed that the value of oxytocin is an impact factor of the severity of depression.( adjusted R2 =0.358,F =11.578,P =0.003 ).ConclusionThis study indicated that the value of plasma oxytocin maybe significantly differences between depression and normal controls and the plasma oxytocin level maybe a factor which influence the severity of major depression,the relationship of the cortisol value and the severity of depression can not be confirmed.
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ObjectiveTo identify the effects of venlafaxiue on the acquisition and consolidation of fear extinction memory in conditioning fear memory extinction model.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with fear conditioning training in the A environment.Before the extinction training,all the experimental rats were given different doses of venlafaxine intraperitoneal injection.After 24 hours,all the rats test in the B environment.ResultsRepeated-measures ANOVA were conducted on the percent of freezing time for between-session extinction,test condition (F2,44 =458.958,P＜0.001 ) and VEN dose(F2,22 =43.026,P＜0.001 ) and a Test condition * Treatment interaction (F4,44 =31.363,P ＜ 0.001 ).For the within-session,post hoc comparisons indicated that the three groups that received different dose of VEN (0,20 and 40 mg/kg) did not differ from each other (P ＞ 0.05 ),indicating similar extinction following the post-conditioning.The rats injected with high-dose venlafaxine (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally before extinction training showed pro,motion of between-subjects extinction of fear memory,but does not affect the within-subjects extinction.There was no significant catabolism in the rats injected with middle-dose (20 mg/kg).ConclusionThe available date indicate that venlafaxine could promote the extinction of fear memory and there is a dose-dependent relationship of venlafaxine in the facilitation of fear memory.Our results could provide some clinical guidance for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder.
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Objective To investigate domestic child abuse within one year before the survey being conducted in Grades 4-6 preliminary school students and explore the relationship between domestic child abuse and mental health problems including prevalence of mental disorders,anxiety,depression as well as children's selfawareness in this sample.Methods Screen Questionnaire of Child Abuse was used to screen all the students participated in the survey.For those students whose screen results were positive,further face to face interview was needed to verify the abuse history.Once a child was identified as abused one,a student without abuse history would be matched by sex and the same age.Both groups with abused history and without abuse history over past year were evaluated by the two child psychiatrists with diagnostic an statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-Ⅳ) and mental health scales.Results 1500 10-13 year-old children received child abuse screening.23.73％ students surveyed over the past year suffered child abuse in the family.The proportion of boys who were victims of domestic child abuse was 30.44％ while 17.44％ to girls (x2 =5.95,P ＜ 0.01).The proportion of male students who were victims of domestic abuse was two times that of female students.For all participants,14.6％ had been suffered one-way abuse,5％ for two-way abuse,and 3％ for three-way abuse.Prevalence of anxiety disorder in abused students was higher than in non-abused ones (9.26％ vs 3.45％,x2 =3.19,P=0.0015).Similarly,the rate of disruptive behavior disorder in abused students was higher than in non-abused ones(18.53％vs 9.22％ x2 =3.61,P=0.0001).The total scores of The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder was higher in abused students group than in non-abused students group while the total scores of Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale was lower in abused student group than in non-abused student group.Conclusion Domestic child abuse in 10-13 old-age students is a widespread phenomenon and abuse history over last year is associated with current mental health level.