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Objective To compare the difference in heart rate variability (HRV)between patients with dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB)and those with Parkinson disease dementia(PDD)and to identify the influencing factors.Methods We retrospectively enrolled 30 patients with DLB(DLB group)and 41 patients with PDD(PDD group)at the outpatient and inpatient services of our hospital from January 2010 to December 2017 in this study,and further recruited 119 normal elderly individuals to serve as the control group.HRV was recorded with 24 h dynamic electrocardiogram and compared between the DLB group and the PDD group.Time domain measures including standard deviation of all normal to normal(NN)intervals(SDNN)and square root of the mean squared differences of successive N N intervals(rMSSD)and frequency domain measures including total power(TP),low frequency(LF),and high frequency(HF)were analyzed with a customized program.The levodopa equivalent dose (LED),mini-mental state examination (MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),Hoehn-Yahr stage(H-Y stage)and the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ),and the Alzheimer's disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living scale(ADCS-ADL)were assessed in DLB and PDD patients to investigate the influencing factors.Results SDNN,TP,and LF in the DLB group and the PDD group were significantly lower than in the control group (F =14.154,4.742,4.897,P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,rMSSD decreased in the DLB group,but had no significant difference in the PDD group(P＞0.05).The DLB group and the PDD group did not differ in HF from the control group (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in any HRV indexes between DLB and PDD patients(P ＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed no correlation of HRV with cognitive level(MMSE,MoCA),motor disturbance degree (UPDRS Ⅲ,H-Yahr stage),daily living ability(ADCS-ADL),or dosage of anti-PD drugs (each P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions DLB and PDD patients present similar impairments in autonomic nervous system function,which are not associated with disease severity.
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Objective To observe the correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) appearances and blood stasis syndrome in breast cancer.Methods The clinical data of 100 patients with breast cancer confirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively reviewed.70 cases without blood stasis syndrome,30 cases with blood stasis syndrome.All the cases underwent MRI using PHILIPS Achieva 1.5T magnetic resonance scanner before surgery.Results In no blood stasis group,76.67％ inhomogeneous enhancement,edge enhancement 43.33％,spiculation proportion 50.00％,which were significantly lower than those in the blood stasis group (88.57％,75.71％,83.33％).The mass ratio of the shape between the two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).No blood stasis group and stagnation of blood group TIC curve was mainly type Ⅳ,type Ⅲ curve ratio of no blood stasis group (3.33％) was significantly lower than blood stasis group(12.86％) (P ＜0.01).In blood stasis group,Emax/1 and tumor size were higher than without blood stasis syndrome group.the percentage of V per minute outflow of blood stasis group was lower than without blood stasis syndrome group.Conclusion The clinician should make a preliminary evaluation of the prognosis before operation,in order to timely and reasonably choose the method of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of oxidative stress on ventricular arrhythmias in rabbits with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy and the relationship between oxidative stress and ventricular arrhythmia. Forty Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each): control group, metoprolol (a selective β1 receptor blocker) group, carvedilol (a nonselective β blocker/α-1 blocker) group and adriamycin group. Models of adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy were established by intravenously injecting adriamycin hydrochloride (1 mg/kg) to rabbits via the auri-edge vein twice a week for 8 weeks in the adriamycin, metoprolol and carvedilol groups. Rabbits in the control group were given equal volume of saline through the auri-edge vein. Rabbits in the metoprolol and carvedilol groups were then intragastrically administrated metoprolol (5 mg/kg/d) and carvedilol (5 mg/kg/d) respectively for 2 months, while those in the adriamycin and control groups were treated with equal volume of saline in the same manner as in the metroprolol and carvedilol groups. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography. Plasma levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), malondialdehyde (MAD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected. The left ventricular wedge preparations were perfused with Tyrode's solution. The transmural electrocardiogram, transmural action potentials from epicardium (Epi) and endocardium (Endo), transmural repolarization dispersion (TDR) were recorded, and the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmias were obtained at rapid cycle lengths. The results showed that TDR and the serum MDA and NT-proBNP levels were increased, and LVEF and the serum SOD level decreased in the adriamycin group compared with the control group. The incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia were significantly higher in the adriamycin group than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the carvedilol group as compared with the adriamycin group, the serum SOD level and the LVEF were substantially increased; the TDR, and the serum MDA and NT-proBNP levels were significantly decreased; the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia were obviously reduced (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of MDA and SOD, LVEF, TDR and the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia between the adriamycin group and the metoprolol group. It was concluded that carvedilol may inhibit triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmias in rabbit with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy, which is related to the decrease in oxygen free radials.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic , Carbazoles , Cardiomyopathies , Doxorubicin , Heart Rate , Metoprolol , Oxidative Stress , Propanolamines , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular FibrillationABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of oxidative stress on ventricular arrhythmias in rabbits with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy and the relationship between oxidative stress and ventricular arrhythmia. Forty Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each): control group, metoprolol (a selective β1 receptor blocker) group, carvedilol (a nonselective β blocker/α-1 blocker) group and adriamycin group. Models of adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy were established by intravenously injecting adriamycin hydrochloride (1 mg/kg) to rabbits via the auri-edge vein twice a week for 8 weeks in the adriamycin, metoprolol and carvedilol groups. Rabbits in the control group were given equal volume of saline through the auri-edge vein. Rabbits in the metoprolol and carvedilol groups were then intragastrically administrated metoprolol (5 mg/kg/d) and carvedilol (5 mg/kg/d) respectively for 2 months, while those in the adriamycin and control groups were treated with equal volume of saline in the same manner as in the metroprolol and carvedilol groups. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography. Plasma levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), malondialdehyde (MAD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected. The left ventricular wedge preparations were perfused with Tyrode's solution. The transmural electrocardiogram, transmural action potentials from epicardium (Epi) and endocardium (Endo), transmural repolarization dispersion (TDR) were recorded, and the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmias were obtained at rapid cycle lengths. The results showed that TDR and the serum MDA and NT-proBNP levels were increased, and LVEF and the serum SOD level decreased in the adriamycin group compared with the control group. The incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia were significantly higher in the adriamycin group than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the carvedilol group as compared with the adriamycin group, the serum SOD level and the LVEF were substantially increased; the TDR, and the serum MDA and NT-proBNP levels were significantly decreased; the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia were obviously reduced (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of MDA and SOD, LVEF, TDR and the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia between the adriamycin group and the metoprolol group. It was concluded that carvedilol may inhibit triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmias in rabbit with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy, which is related to the decrease in oxygen free radials.
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BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is the member of nuclear receptor superfamily, and closely related with the formation of atherosclerosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between PPARγ C161→T gene polymorphism and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD).DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment SETTING: Department of Cardiology, Tonai Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Center for Human Genome Research,Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Geriatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine PARTICIPANTS: Totally 203 CAHD patients aged (65±11) years, including 129 males and 74 females, were the inpatients and outpatients of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Tonai Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June 2002 to December 2005.And 156 cases of them were diagnosed by coronary arteriongraphy, among which 43 patients without coronary artery affection or with coronary stricture ＜ 50%, and 113 patients with coronary stricture ＞ 50 %. While 89 healthy physical examinees of Han race and mean (59±9) years old were enrolled as control group, including 56 males and 33 females. There was no blood relationship between controls and patients.METHODS: The experiment was conducted at Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June 2002 to December 2005. PPARγ C161→T gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphisms. The radio-immunity technique, coronary angiography and clinical routine biochemical index were applied to analyze the genotypic frequency and allele frequency distributions as well as the relation between clinical data, biochemical index and different genotypes. The risk factors of CAHD were estimated in the patients of different genotypes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The genotypic frequency and allele frequency distributions, the relation between clinical data, biochemical index and different genotypes, along with the blood lipid, blood glucose, fasting insulin and body mass index (BMI).RESULTS: Totally 103 CAHD patients and 89 controls were involved in the result analysis of gene polymorphism and yielded different gene distribution frequencies.① In control group, "T" allele frequency was 0.213 and "C" allele frequency was 0.787, and in CAHD group, "T" allele frequency was 0.192 and "C" allele frequency was 0.808. There was no significant difference in the genotypic frequency and C, T allele frequencies between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).② The CC genotype was dominant in CAHD patients with coronary artery lesions, and showed significant differences from "T"allele carriers (CT+TT) (P ＜ 0.05). The CAHD risk in the "T" allele carries (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.24-0.63) was much lower than that in the CC homozygote (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.09-2.54).③ Apolipoprotein B in patients with CC genotype was obviously higher than that in patients with "T" allele (CT+TT) (P ＜ 0.05), and there was insignificant difference in the insulin resistance index (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is an important correlation between the substitution of PPARγ C161→T and CAHD, and "T" allele carriers demonstrate a lower risk of CAHD.
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The transmural heterogeneous changes of transient outward potassium currents (Ito) in rabbit hypertrophic cardiaomyocytes and the effects of long-term prophylactic treatment with volsartan were investigated. Rabbits were divided into hypertrophy group (left ventricular hypertrophy induced by partial ligation of abdominal aorta), vol-treated group (volsartan was administrated after the ligation), and control group (sham operated). Myocytes were isolated by a two-step enzymatical method. The sub-endocardial (Endo) and sub-epicardium (Epi) tissues were separated from midmyocardium (Mid) with a razor. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record potassium currents. The results showed that membrane capacitance was larger in hypertrophic cells than those in control and vol-treated cells (P<0.01 vs control cells, n=30). The densities of Ito in hypertrophic cells were reduced by sub-epicardium (Epi) (27.8 +/- 2.9) %, midmyocardium (Mid) (41.0+/-4.7) %, and sub-endocardium (Endo) (20.3 +/- 3.4) % compared with those in control cells. The decrease of Ito density was more pronounced in Mid than in Epi and Endo (P<0.01 vs Epi or Endo). There were no significant differences in Ito densities between vol-treated group and control group in three layers separately. In conclusion, volsartan can inhibit the transmural heterogeneous changes of Ito in left ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in rabbit.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Antihypertensive Agents , Pharmacology , Biological Transport, Active , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Myocytes, Cardiac , Pathology , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Potassium Channels , Tetrazoles , Pharmacology , Valine , Pharmacology , ValsartanABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the long-term effects of imidapril (IMI) on action potential and calcium and potassium currents in rabbit left ventricular hypertrophic myocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: IMI-treated, hypertrophic and sham-operated control groups. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in hypertrophy group by partial ligation of the abdominal aorta. In the IMI-treated group, the rabbits were administered IMI (1.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 8 weeks after surgery. In the sham-operated control group, the animals underwent an abdominal laparotomy without further procedure. Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record ionic currents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Membrane capacitance was larger in hypertrophic cells than in sham-operated cells or IMI-treated cells. Action potential duration was lengthened in hypertrophic cells and was remarkably shortened by IMI. The density of ICa, L was reduced from 12.8 +/- 0.7 pA/pF in the sham-operated cells, to 7.7 +/- 0.8 pA/pF in hypertrophic cells, while it resembled the control cells after IMI treatment (11.9 +/- 1.0 pA/pF). After IMI treatment, the density of I(Ks,tail) was enhanced from 2.5 +/- 0.1 pA/pF in hypertrophic cells to 4.7 +/- 0.6 pA/pF (n = 7, P < 0.01), which was similar to the sham-operated cells. The densities of Ito and IK1 were significantly increased in IMI-treated cells, from 3.8 +/- 0.4 pA/pF and 3.7 +/- 0.5 pA/pF in the hypertrophic cells to 6.4 +/- 0.8 pA/pF and 6.5 +/- 0.3 pA/pF, respectively, but the IKr densities were not different in the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IMI could reverse the increase in membrane capacitance in hypertrophic cells, shorten action potential duration, and increase the densities of ICa, L, IKs, Ito and IK1 in hypertrophic cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Calcium Channels , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Pathology , Imidazoles , Pharmacology , Imidazolidines , Myocytes, Cardiac , Metabolism , Potassium Channels , Random AllocationABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the changes of transmural repolarization heterogeneity and ion currents in rabbits with left ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS: Ventricular hypertrophy was induced by a partial constriction of the abdominal aorta in rabbits. Myocytes were isolated by a two steps enzymological method. The sub-endocardial (Endo) and sub-epicardium (Epi) tissues were separated from other region (midmyocardium, Mid) with a razor. Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record the action potential and ion currents. RESULTS: The action potentials duration at 90% repolarization (APD 90 ) of Epi, Mid and Endo were all prolonged significantly in hypertrophy group compared to control group. This prolongation of APD 90 was more pronounced in Mid (26.0%?2.7%) than that in Epi (14.0%?1.6%) and Endo (10.0%?1.1%). The transmural repolarization heterogeneity was increased significantly in the hypertrophy group. The I Ks and I to density in Epi, Mid and Endo was decreased significantly in hypertrophy group compared to those in control group. This decrease in I Ks and I to density was more pronounced in Mid than in Epi and Endo. No significantly difference of I Ca,L and I Kr density between hypertrophy group and control group in three layers was observed. The I K1 density decreased significantly in hypertrophy group compared to control group, but the extent of the decrease had no differences among the three layers. CONCLUSIONS: The transmural repolarization heterogeneity increases significantly in rabbit hypertrophied ventricle. The decrease in transmural heterogeneity of I to and I Ks is the main causes. [