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Background Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) is a severe complication after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer,which threatens the visual acuity and quality of life of patients.Till now,there is no recognized treatment for RION.It is of great significance to study the natural progression of the RION,and to prevent and treat RION.Objective This study was to establish an ideal radioactive optic nerve injury animal model.Methods Healthy 8-week SD rats with hygiene grade were randomly divided into normal control group and model group,with 6 rats in each group.The total 30 Gy dose of radiation with 3 portions was used to irradiate the head model group rats;ELISA was performed to analysis the changes of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentrations in blood 2,4 and 8 weeks after irradiation.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscope were performed to observe the changes of optic structure.The use and care of the experimental animals complied with the ARVO statement.Results The concentrations of ET-1 in the model group were (23.18± 0.11),(27.98 ±0.22),(33.90 ±0.1 1),(65.25 ±0.38) and (43.82 ± 0.09) pg/ml before irradiation,1 day,2,4,6 weeks after irradiation,those in the normal control group were (22.65 ± 0.14),(23.18 ± 0.19),(23.68 ± 0.15),(24.23±0.12) and (23.58±0.16)pg/ml.The concentrations of vWF in the model group were (63.16±2.21),(88.32± 2.06),(123.38 ± 1.36),(191.40 ± 0.61) and (141.69 ± 0.82) pg/ml before irradiation,1 day,2,4,6 weeks after irradiation,those in the normal control group were (62.82 ± 1.56),(63.35 ±2.06),(64.12 ± 1.76),(63.52±2.02) and (63.48 ± 1.55)pg/ml.There were significant differences of ET-1 and vWF concentrations among different groups and time points (ET-1:Fgroup =32.160,P =0.012;Ftime =21.180,P =0.023.vWF:Fgroup =73.110,P=0.001;Ftime =46.180,P =0.002).The nerve fiber bundles was swelled with disordered arrangement and vacuolization 8 weeks after irradiation.Axon swell and atrophy,axons with myelin sheath layer plate separation were obtained.The rates of axon demyelination in the normal control group and model group were (1.35 ±0.79) ％ and (14.44±2.32)％,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t =14.07,P＜0.01).Conclusions The total 30 Gy dose of radiation on the head of rats can make stable radioactive optic nerve injury model.This model making method is simple,cheap and practical,which is worth further study.
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Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of orifices-dredging and stasis-removing therapy on retinal vascular endothelium and optic nerve damage induced by radiation in rats. Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely blank control group, model group and therapy group. Rats in the model group and therapy group were exposed to X-ray radiation once a week for three weeks. Two weeks before the radiation, therapy group was pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of Astragalus injection ( 4.0 g/kg) , Ligustrazine Hydrochloride injection ( 15 mg/kg) and Xingnaojing injection ( 2.5 mL/kg) once a day, blank control group and model group were given intraperitoneal injection of same volume of saline once a day. Before radiation, one day, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after radiation, we detected the blood concentrations of endothelin-1 ( ET-1) and Von willebrand factor (vWF) in all of the rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , and analyzed the dynamic changes and intergroup difference. Demyelination of optic nerve was observed under transmission electron microscope, and demyelination percentage was counted 2, 4, and 6 weeks after irradiation. Results Compared with the blank control group, the blood concentrations of ET-1 and vWF in model group were increased after irradiation (P0.05) , but was decreased obviously 6 weeks after irradiation (P<0.05) . Conclusion Pretreatment with orifices-dredging and stasis-removing therapy can decrease the blood concentrations of ET-1 and vWF in the radiation-induced retinal damage rats, and can reduce the demyelination of optic nerve in irradiated rats.
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens of the hospital infection.Its clinical features and drug-resisetance situations have always been concerned.But since the late 1990s,another class of MRSA has become a major concern worldwide as an emerging pathogen in the community.This new class of MRSA is called community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA).With the rapid development of the infection of CA-MRSA in 20 years,especially in the latest 3 years,CA-MRSA may be replacing the hospital-acquired MRSA strains(HA-MRSA) as one of the major pathogens in the hospital and the community as well.The characteristics of CA-MRSA are very different from those of HA-MRSA.This review summarizes the current studies of CA-MRSA on the epidemiology and the molecular characteristics.
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Objective To observe rosiglitazone(RSG) combined with insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes pa-tients with tuberculosis. Methods 66 cases with type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis used the conventional antitubercu-losis treatment, divided into insulin group(DM + INS) 33 cases, the treatment group (DM + INS + RSG) 33 with dy-namic observation of blood glucose, and the lesions of tuberculosis in sputum culture. Results DM + INS + RSG group at the same time as the conversion rate is higher than DM + INS group(X2 = 8.45, X2 = 6.11,X2 = 12.87, P<0.05), the lesions were closed and empty absorption were significantly different (X2 = 15.60, P < 0.05 ; X2 = 5.00, P< 0.05), DM + INS group before and after treatment did not change significantly. After treatment DM + INS + RSGgroup FPG, PPG and HbAlc levels lower than before treatment(P < 0.05～0.01 ) and DM + INS group with sig-nificant differences( P < 0.05～0.01 ). Conclusion The addition of rosiglitazone to insulin treatment results in sig-nificantly improvement in glycemic control in the type 2 diabetic patients.