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Objective To study the risk factors of intestinal bacteria colonization and antibiotic resistance among newborns in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Method From May 2014 to May 2015,newborns admitted to NICU in our hospital were enrolled and their feces were prospectively collected and cultured from day 5 to day 7 after birth.VITEK-2 system was used to identify the bacteria and determine their antibiotic susceptibility.Newborns were assigned into 8 groups according to their gestational age,mode of delivery and use of antibiotics,and the colonization rates of Escherichia coli (E.coli),Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were compared.Result A total of 572 feces of newborns were collected,328 strains of E.coli,243 strains of Enterococcus and 70 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated.The multi-drug resistance rates of E.coli and Enterococcus were 68.3％ (136/199) and 76.1％ (185/243),respectively.The colonization rates of E.coli,Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae of the full-term delivery without antibiotics group (77 cases),full-term Cesarean section (C-section) without antibiotics group (30 cases),premature C-section without antibiotics group (28 cases),premature delivery without antibiotics group (16 cases),premature delivery with antibiotics group (53 cases),full-term delivery with antibiotics group (155 cases),full-term C-section with antibiotics group (99 cases),premature C-section with antibiotics group (114 cases) were different.The antibiotics groups showed significantly less E.coli colonization rates and higher Enterococcus colonization rates than the non-antibiotics groups of the same gestational age and delivery mode (P ＜ 0.05).The result between the full-term C-section newborns and naturally delivered newborns without antibiotics indicated the similar trend (P ＜ 0.05).The colonization rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae showed no significant differences among the groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The multi-drug resistance of E.coli and Enterococcus in neonatal intestinal colonization is common and worrisome.Bacterial colonization is affected by antibiotics and the mode of delivery and prudent use of antibiotics is advised.
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Objective To understand the antibiotic resistance of bacteria colonized in intestine of the neonates from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and provide evidence to guide clinical antibiotic treatment.Methods From May,2014 to May,2015,a total of 572 stool samples were collected from the neonates of NICU in our hospital.Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were detected with VITEK-2 system.Results A total of 328 strains of E.coli and 243 strains of Enterococcus were isolated respectively in this study.The 199 strains of E.coli selected for drug susceptibility test showed lower resistant rate to imipenem,ertapenem,amikacin,nitrofurantoin,ranging from 0.50％ to 3.52％ and showed higher resistant rate to ampicillin,tetracycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and cefazolin,ranging from 54.27％ to 84.92％.No meropenem resistant strainsere were found.The percentage of ESBLs production strains was 45％.The multi drug resistance test showed that 34.6％ of the strains were resistant to four antibiotics.Three strains were resistant to seven antibiotics.The 243 strains of Enterococcus showed lower resistant rate to quinupristin/dalfopristin,nitrofurantoin,streptomycin,ranging from 0.41％ to 4.53％ and showed higher resistant rate to ampicillin,benzylpenicillin,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline,gentamicin and erythromycin,ranging from 70.78％ to 91.77％.No strains which were resistant to tigecycline,vancomycin,rina thiazole amine/ketone were found.The multi drug-resistance test showed that 86.5％ of the strains were resistant to five antibiotics.Conclusions According to the analysis of the 199 strains ofE.coli and 243 strains of Enterococcus isolated from the neonates,we found that the resistance of intestinal bacteria in the neonates was very serious,showing multi drug resistance.It is necessary to use antibiotics according to the drug susceptibility test results in clinical treatment.
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Objective To understand the antibiotic resistance of bacteria colonized in intestine of the neonates from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and provide evidence to guide clinical antibiotic treatment.Methods From May,2014 to May,2015,a total of 572 stool samples were collected from the neonates of NICU in our hospital.Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were detected with VITEK-2 system.Results A total of 328 strains of E.coli and 243 strains of Enterococcus were isolated respectively in this study.The 199 strains of E.coli selected for drug susceptibility test showed lower resistant rate to imipenem,ertapenem,amikacin,nitrofurantoin,ranging from 0.50％ to 3.52％ and showed higher resistant rate to ampicillin,tetracycline,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and cefazolin,ranging from 54.27％ to 84.92％.No meropenem resistant strainsere were found.The percentage of ESBLs production strains was 45％.The multi drug resistance test showed that 34.6％ of the strains were resistant to four antibiotics.Three strains were resistant to seven antibiotics.The 243 strains of Enterococcus showed lower resistant rate to quinupristin/dalfopristin,nitrofurantoin,streptomycin,ranging from 0.41％ to 4.53％ and showed higher resistant rate to ampicillin,benzylpenicillin,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline,gentamicin and erythromycin,ranging from 70.78％ to 91.77％.No strains which were resistant to tigecycline,vancomycin,rina thiazole amine/ketone were found.The multi drug-resistance test showed that 86.5％ of the strains were resistant to five antibiotics.Conclusions According to the analysis of the 199 strains ofE.coli and 243 strains of Enterococcus isolated from the neonates,we found that the resistance of intestinal bacteria in the neonates was very serious,showing multi drug resistance.It is necessary to use antibiotics according to the drug susceptibility test results in clinical treatment.
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OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the method and opportunity of operation for orbito-cranial fibrous dysplasia, and further to summarize our experience in repairing the bony defect with titanium after excision and assess the surgical outcomes.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was performed in 21 patients with visual function damage and/ or orbital malformation, who treated surgically. All patients were underwent CT examinations (coronal, horizontal, sagittal and three-dimensional scans) before surgery. CT image data of patients with serious orbital skull lesions were analyzed by computer to produce the three-dimensional, solid titanium mesh prostheses used to repair the lesions; for smaller lesions solid titanium mesh prostheses were shaped artificially during surgery according to the normal orbit and the cranium. All the patients were treated surgically via craniofacial approach. After removing the diseased tissue, the defective area was repaired by titanium plate and nets.@*RESULTS@#Of the 21 patients, tumor removal was complete in 18 patients, and incomplete in 3 patients due to extensive invasion into the sious cavernosus. Of the 13 patients with vision impairment before surgery, vision was improved in 11 cases (range from 3 to 5 lines) following surgery. All orbital malformations were healed in these 11 patients.@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with fibrous dysplasia should undergo surgical treatment as soon as possible. Where this results in visual dysfunction or orbital-cranial deformities, repairing the bony defect with titanium material has many advantages: it is solid, easily molded, and easily fastened.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone , General Surgery , Orbit , Prostheses and Implants , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Methods , Retrospective Studies , Skull , TitaniumABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To discuss the reasons of causing mistakes in the nosocomial infection reports.METHODS We collected 183 cases with inaccurate reports and analyzed them by the prospective method.RESULTS The major reasons of causing the inaccurate nosocomial infection reports were the ill-defined infection time,inaccurate diagnostic standard,and the lack of clinic training.CONCLUSIONS It can reduce the inaccurate nosocomial infection reports,advance the level of nosocomical infection diagnosis,and improve the work efficiency through special training,in paralleling with the manager of nosocomial infection going deep into sickroom and communicating with clinicians.
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Objective To investigate the concentration changes of endothelin-1(ET-1) in brain after cerebral ischemia pretreatment in the rats and the relationship of ET-1 and ischemia tolerance. Methods Cerebral ischemia pretreatment was performed by ameliorated obstructing four blood vessels in wistar rats. The concentrations of ET-1 in brain were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA). Results The concentrations of ET-1 in brain in the expreimental groups of 12 hour and 24 hour were higher than that of non-pretreatment( P
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Objective To investigate the FOS expression changes in rat brain after ischemic pretreatment and the relationship between FOS and ischemic tolerance.Method The cerebral ischemia model of the wister rats was established by occluding four blood vessels.The FOS experssion in the hippocampus neurons was determined by using SABC immunocytochemical technique with against c-fos protooncogene antibody of rabbit.Results The FOS expression in the 30',12h,24h and 72h four experimental groups following cerebral ischemic pretreatment were obviously higher than that of false operafion control group (all P
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Objective To investigate the effect of perinatal care on the reduction of the maternal and perinatal mortality. Methods The perinatal care and the relationship between the maternal and perinatal mortality during 1980 to 1997 were analysed. The factors that related to the morality were studied. Results The maternal mortality rate was significantly decreased from 31.7/10~5 live births in 1960 to 16.1/10~5 live births in 1992～1997. The main cause of maternal deaths in 1960' was obstetrical factors, but in 1997 it was pregnancy complications. The perinatal mortality rate was 21.2‰ in 1980～1981 ,and was 10.9‰ in 1992～1997. The factors related to the maternal and perinatal mortality including the perinatal care, high risk pregnancy,and birth weight were analysed, the specific mortality rate of each factor was calculated. Conclutions The two mortalities can be used to evaluate the result of perinatal care,and are important feedback information for making health care policy. Pernatal care play an important role in the reduction of maternal and perinatal mortality.
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OBJECTIVE To know the real condition of the prevalence of nosocomial infection(NI) in our hospital,in order to enhance the consciousness of nosocomial infection control in whole staff,so that this work will be done well.METHODS We got the data through bed-side examination and medical records and made a statistic analysis.RESULTS Among 926 investigated patients,59 patients(6.37%) had 60 cases(6.48%) NI.Departments with high risk were for hematology,neurosurgery,and Chinese-Western combination surgery.The common NI sites were the lower respiratory tract,urinary tract and surgical sites;Pseudomonas aeruginosa was a main pathogen for the lower respiratory tract.The antibiotic use rate was 40.39%.The high risk factors were patients with unconsciousness,undergoing tracheotomy or urethral catheterization and so on.The postoperative use appeared to be higher than usual.The antibiotics used included 42 kinds.CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that specific surveillance be conducted in Departments with high risk for nosocomial infection,the wide-spectrum antibiotics should be stressed in order to reduce drug resistance and nosocomial infection.