ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive cocci in China in 2006.Methods From Jun 2006 to Dec 2006,674 consecutive and non-repetitive gram-positive bacteria were collected from 7 teaching hospitals.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MICs)of antibacterial agents were determined by agar dilution method.Results The prevalence of penicillin.resistant(ease)and pemcllhn. intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP)among 100 isolates was l%and 19%,respectively.Teicoplanin and vancomycin were the most active agents against S.pneumoniae.97% and 98% S.pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin,respectively.The susceptibility of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol are 96%,87% and 73%,respectively.The susceptible rates of penicillin. susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP)to cefprozil and cefaclor were 62% and 55.7%,respectively.All the PISP and PRSP isolates were resistance to the two antibiotics.The susceptibility to macrolides,trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline was lower than 35%.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and methicillin.resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci(MRSCON)was 48%(33%-84%)and 81%(69%-94%),respectively.The susceptible rates of MRSA to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole,chloramphenicol,rifampin,and the other antibiotics in this study were 72%,66%and 45%,respectively.The susceptible rate of MRSA to marcrolides,aminoglycosides,tetracyclines and quinolones were not more than 18%.56%(30%-86%)of E.faecalis and 80%(50%.100%)of E.faecium were highly resistant to gentamicin.The susceptibility of E.faecalis to all the antibiotics except chloramphenicol and tetracycline were higher than E.faecium.All isolates of S.aureus,CoNS and E.faecalis tested were susceptible to vacomycin and teicoplanin.There were two vacomycin.resistant E.faecium strains isolated from Hangzhou.Conclusions Antimicrobial resistance patterns of gram.positive cocci differed in different regions.The resistance of gram-positive cocci to the antibiotics in this study this year was a little higher than the data of the year of 2005.Teicoplanin and vancomycin remained very high activity to gram-positive cocci.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the pathogen and drug susceptibility in appendical intracavity with appendicitis, and guide clinically the selection of reasonable antibiotics. Methods Germicultures and drug susceptibility tests were conducted for the secretions from appendical intracavity of the 71 patients with appendicitis. Result (1) Totally 9 species (63 cases) of bacterium were isolated from clinical samples, positive rate of isolation was 88.7%. The first one was escherichia coli (49 cases). (2) The positive rates of germiculture were no differences in patients with different types of appendicitis. Age and BMI were associated with the results of germiculture. Gender, temperature, neutrophil, fecalith were not associated with the positive germiculture. (3) The curative effect of the third and the fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were well. The curative effect of the first generation cephalosporins, quinolones and penicillins were not well. Conclusion (1)In all samples,escherichia coli are the dominant species of bacterium. The distribution of isolation is no difference in patients with different types of appendicitis. (2) The third generation cephalosporins are commonly used in clinical treatment with the obvious anti-bacteria effects, The fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems can act as the optimal drug for serious infection. Quinolones is not the optimal antibiotics. Penicillins antibiotic is not proposed to be used.