ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To predict the active components and potential target of volatile oil of Citri reticulatae preventing and treating Alzheimer ’s disease （AD）. METHODS ：The volatile oil of C. reticulatae was determined by GC-MS ，and identified according to NIST 11.L database and manual data analysis. The active components and targets of volatile oil of C. reticulatae were predicted through TCMSP and PharmMapper database. The related targets of AD were obtained by using GeneCards and OMIM databases. Venny 2.1.0 software mapping was used to obtain the direct targets of volatile oil of C. reticulatae against AD. Core nodes were mined with STRING database and Cytoscape 7.2.1 software，and the indirect targets of volatile oil of C. reticulatae against AD were obtained by mapping and duplication coith Venny 2.1.0 software. With the help of DAVID 6.7 database，the above direct and indirect targets （i.e. action targets ）were used for gene ontology （GO）function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Using Cytoscape 7.2.1 software， topology analysis was conducted for the network of “active components-acting targets ”of volatile oil of C. reticulatae ，with node degree value ，betweenness centrality and closeness centrality as indexes ，then key components and key targets were mined. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：A total of 40 chemical components in volatile oil were identified by GC-MS ，all of them were active components ，including D-limonene，γ-terpinene，etc. A total of 151 active components-corresponding targets and 1 291 AD-related targets were mined ，including 48 direct targets and 41 indirect targets. The above 89 targets were mainly concentrated in cell fraction ，axon，cytosol and other cell components ；intracellular signaling cascade ，response to organic substance and other biological processes ；protein kinase activity and amine receptor activity and other molecular functions ；as well as cancer pathway ，calcium signaling pathway and neurotrophin signaling pathway （P＜ 0.05）. A total of 10 key components including α-terpinene，β-elemen，thymol and （－）-4-terpineol，as well as 21 key targets such as androgen receptor ，prostaglandin G/H synthase 2，mitogen activated protein kinase 14，muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 1 were excavated ，indicating the effect of volatile oil of C. reticulatae against AD had the characteristics of multi-component ， multi-target and multi-channel.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of suramin combinated with PG-Rg3 on xenograft growth of lung adeno-carcinoma in mice, and the related mechanism thereof. Methods Forty C57BL/6J mice bearing Lewis cells were random-ized into five groups:control group, cisplatin (DDP) group, suramin group, PG-Rg3 group and combination group. Appropri-ate interventions were given in five groups of mice. Mice were sacrificed at day 24 after tumor inoculation. The subcutaneous tumors were stripped for histological examination. The tumor inhibitory rate was measured. The expressions of erythropoietin-producing hepatoma amplified sequences (Eph) B4 protein, Bcl-2 and tumors microvessel density (MVD) were determined by immunohistochemistry method with image analyze system. The apoptosis of tumor cells was measured by biotinyated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) method. Results There were significantly lower values in subcutaneous tumor volume and weight in drug-treated groups than those in control group (P<0.05). The inhibitory rates were 39.20%, 49.11%, 54.86%and 62.49%in cisplatin group, suramin group, PG-Rg3 group and combined group (P<0.05). The values of EphB4, MVD and Bcl-2 grey values were significantly decreased, the apoptotic index was significantly increased, in suramin group, PG-Rg3 group and combined group than those of control group and DDP group (P<0.05). The values of EphB4, MVD and Bcl-2 grey values were significantly increased, the apoptotic index was significantly decreased, in suramin group and PG-Rg 3 group than those of combined group (P<0.05). Conclusion Suramin combinated with PG-Rg3 can produce a synergetic inhibitory activity against tumor growth of lung adenocarcinoma, which may be associated with the effect of suppressing the expression of EphB4 and angiogenesis, and the promotion of tumor cell apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
Automatic gene-chip image grid localization is an essential task for gene-chip image analysis. Now an method based on profiles of gene-chip image is proposed. Using the differences between two profiles after filtration by arithmetic mean method, we can easily find the local grayscale minimum between two probe spots, then the probe spots are automatically located. The experiments show that the new approach correctly locates the probes while giving protection against noise affection robustly. Grid location