ABSTRACT
Cell metabolomics is an important branch of metabolomics, which could dynamically monitor cell response and metabolic changes after drugs acting on cells, and look for potential biomarkers. Cell metabolomics has been widely used in illustration of disease mechanism, evaluation of drug efficacy and development of new drug through elucidating the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease and the effect of drug treatment intervention. The researches process of cellular metabolomics and its application in central nervous system diseases were reviewed in order to provide theoretical basis for in-depth study of the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of new mangiferin, mangiferin, artemisinin BⅡ, icariin and artemisinin A in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporation light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). Methods The column was Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18. The mobile phase used acetonitrile-0.2% acetic acid water system with gradient elution. Column temperature was 30 ℃. Flow rate was 0.7 ml/min. Evaporative light scattering detector used nitrogen as atomizing gas. The atomizing gas temperature was 40 ℃ and the drift tube temperature was 90 ℃. The nitrogen volume flow rate was 2.00 L/min and the sample volume was 20 μl. Results The five components were able to achieve baseline separation. Neomangiferin, Mangiferin, Anemaponin BⅡ, Baohuoside I , Anemarrhena saponin AⅢwere determined as 24.1-386 μg/ml (r=0.999 3), 23.2-371 μg/ml (r=0.998 6), 54.2-867.2 μg/ml(r=0.995 6), 5.3-84.8 μg/ml (r=0.996 8), 10-160 μg/ml (r=0.998 9) respectively, which showed a good linear relationship within the concentration range. The average recovery rate of the five components was between 101.8% and 105.0%, and the repeatability RSD was less than 2.4%. The content of the above five components in Zhimu medicinal materials were 1.62%, 0.82%, 7.36%, 0.07%, 0.34%, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, and highly sensitive, which could be used as the quantitative determination of multiple index components of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.
ABSTRACT
Bio-refinery using cheap biomass focuses mainly on strain improvement and fermentation strategies whereas less effort is made on down-stream processing. Using cheap biomass more impurities are introduced into the fermentation broths than mono-sugar substrate, thus down-stream processing for bio-based chemicals becomes the key problem in industrial production. The technique called salting-out extraction (SOE) was introduced in this review, which is used to separate target products from fermentation broth on the basis of partition difference of chemicals in two phases formed by mixing salts and organic solvents (or amphipathic chemicals) with broth at suitable ratios. The effect of solvents and salts on the formation of two aqueous phases, especially short chain alcohols and inorganic salts, and the application of SOE in recovery of bio-based chemicals, such as lactic acid, 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol and acetoin were summarized. The bio-chemicals were efficiently recovered from fermentation broth, and most of the impurities (cells and proteins) were removed in the same step. This technique is promising in the separation of bio-based chemicals, especially the recovery of hydrophilic molecules with low molecular weights.