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Objective To investigate the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 792 patients of T2DM were enrolled in the study.There were 448 males and 344 females,with an average age of (54.13 ± 13.06)years.The average duration of diabetes was (8.03 4±6.70) years.The patients were grouped according to the degree of DR and thyroid function.Among them,483 patients (61.0％) were no DR,240 patients (30.3％) were mild DR,69 patients (8.7％) were severe DR.725 patients (91.5％) were normal thyroid function,67 patients (8.5％) were SCH.The prevalence of SCH among no DR group,mild DR group and severe DR group was compared.And the prevalence of DR between normal thyroid function group and SCH group was compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between SCH and DR.Results No significant differences among the three groups (no DR group,mild DR group,severe DR group) were found in the prevalence of SCH (x2=1.823,P=0.402).There were no significant differences in the incidences of DR between normal thyroid function group and SCH group (x2=1.618,P=0.239).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that SCH was not significant associated with DR [mild DR:odds ratio (OR)=1.361,95％ confidence interval (CI)=0.773-2.399,P=0.286;severe DR:OR=1.326,95％CI=0.520-3.384,P=0.555;DR:OR=1.353,95％ CI=0.798-2.294,P=0.261).Conclusion SCH is not significant associated with DR in patients with T2DM.
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Objective To explore the mechanisms of individual, social and environmental factors influencing physical activity and the relationships among the factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A survey was conducted from January to July 2015 among 225 patients with type 2 diabetes using convenience sampling. The questionnaire included 9- item Patient Health Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale, Chinese Walkable Environment Scale, Bandura′s Exercise Self- efficacy Scale. Results The effective questionnaire recovery rate was 98.7%(222/225). Exercise self- efficacy was a mediator of factors influencing physical activity. Exercise self- efficacy and physical activity were positively correlated (β=0.24, P<0.05). Walkable environment only affected physical activity indirectly medicated by exercise self- efficacy (β=-0.26, P<0.05). Perceived social support directly associated with physical activity (β=0.14, P<0.05). Depression not only affected physical activity directly (β=-0.28, P<0.05), but also associated with physical activity indirectly medicated by exercise self-efficacy (β=-0.32, P<0.05). Conclusions Interventions should be taken to increase the perceived social support, improve depression and walkable environment, especially to enhance exercise self- efficacy, so as to improve the physical activity level of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Objective To investigate the potential effect of the redox state of plasma factor Ⅺ (FXI) on the pathogenesis of elderly diabetic hypercoagulability and macroangiopathy.Methods The plasma levels of reduced FXI were detected in elderly type 2 diabetic(T2DM)patients with/without macroangiopathy (T2DM group/DMAP group) and healthy subjects (control group),and variables associated with reduced FXI were analyzed.Results Elderly patients with T2DM had higher plasma levels of reduced FXI as compared with healthy controls.The level of reduced FXI was significantly higher in patients with macroangiopathy than without macroangiopathy [control group:(80.6± 15.6) ％,T2DM group:(94.7 ± 16.0) ％,DMAP group (142.6 ± 36.5) ％,all P＜ 0.05].The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that plasma levels of triglyceride,cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were the independent predictors for reduced FXI.Conclusions The plasma level of reduced FXI is increased in elderly T2DM patients with macroangiopathy.The abnormality of lipid profiles may associate with the increment of reduced FXI.These findings maybe provide the novel mechanisms for diabetic hypercoagulability and macroangiopathy.
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Objective To observe the effect of adding on glimepiride in treating type 2 diabetic patients who had suffered the disease for more than 10 years and were poorly controlled with insulin combined with nonsulfonylureas drugs. Methods Seventy-five type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with insulin combined with non-sulfonylureas drugs were randomly divided into glimepiride-added group (INS+GM, n = 39 )and continuation of insulin group ( INS, n = 35 ). HbA1c, plasma glucose, daily insulin dose, number of hypoglycemic events, body weight, plasma lipid concentration,and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)were recorded at weeks 0, 12,and 24. The levels of plasma free fatty acid ( FFA), adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) were measured before and 24 weeks after the therapy. Results At 12 and 24 weeks, fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose,and HbA1c were improved in INS+GM group more markedly than in INS group, and daily insulin dose and body weight were decreased in INS+GM compared with INS ( P＜0. 05 ). The number of hypoglycemic events and plasma lipid concentration did not differ between two groups ( P＜0.05 ). The levels of plasma FFA,TNF-α,hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR were lower in INS+GM than INS ( P＜0.05 ), the adiponectin was higher in INS + GM than INS ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Adding glimepiride to insulin therapy resulted in a sustained better glycemic control with less insulin daily dose, decresed body weight, and no increase in hypoglycemic events as compared with the continuing insulin therapy group. Increased adiponectin, as well as decreased plasma FFA and TNF-α may underlie the improvement of insulin resistance with glimepiride treatment.
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0.05],butwaslowerthanthatof STZ group [(9.59?1.08)mmol/L, P
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Objective To improve the quality of first aid,raise the working efficiency of nurses,make the management of endemic area crash truck more standard,scientific and simple and provide swift medical care to patients in emergency.Methods An endemic area crash truck is developed in accordance with the rule and regime of first aid item.Results Endemic area crash truck was given a national practical newtype patent and was carried out in hospitals.Conclusion Endemic area crash truck has a reasonable construction and can be locked by one time lock.It greatly shorten the time for handing over and counting by nurses,which elevates the efficiency of nurses and guarantee the management quality of first aid item.