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Objective: To analyze the level of PCDD/Fs exposure of occupational workers in the waste incineration industry and explore the risk of occupational exposure. Methods: In September 2021, literature on environmental PCDD/Fs exposure in waste incineration plants published from the establishment of the database to February 10, 2021 was retrieved from CNKI database. A total of 1365 literatures were retrieved, and 7 met the criteria for inclusion. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inhalation risk model was used to assess and analyze carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs exposure among occupational workers in the waste incineration industry. Results: A total of 86 sampling sites were included in incineration plants in 7 regions. The study of Wuhan area showed that the concentration of working environment near the waste incinerator in the same factory was the highest, followed by the rest and office area in the factory. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in waste incinerators was the highest in Southwest China (4880.00-24880.00 pg TEQ/m(3)), and the lowest in Shenzhen (0.02-0.44 pg TEQ/m(3)). According to the cancer risk assessment, with the increase of exposure years, the risk of cancer increased. The highest risk of cancer was found in the waste incineration plants in Southwest China. When the exposure period was 1 year, the risk was moderate (22.40×10(-6)-114.20×10(-6)). When the exposure time was more than 5 years, the risk of cancer was high. In Jinan, workers working near the incinerator had a moderate risk of cancer after five years of exposure. In Zhejiang, workers were at medium risk of cancer after exposure for more than 20 years. Workers in Wuhan, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Shenzhen and the Pearl River Delta were still at low risk of cancer after 40 years of occupational exposure. HQ>1 of workers working near the waste incinerators in Jinan, Zhejiang Province and Southwest China, and the qualitative evaluation results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk was unacceptable. Conclusion: There are great differences in PCDD/Fs of occupational exposure in waste incineration industry, and the occupational exposure exceeding the occupational exposure limit has higher carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks.
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Humans , Dibenzofurans , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis , Air Pollutants/analysis , Incineration , Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated/analysis , China/epidemiology , Benzofurans , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Carcinogens , Risk Assessment , Neoplasms , Environmental Monitoring/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of osteoporosis and to study the stiffness recovery of injured vertebrae and stress analysis of adjacent vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty under different perfusion and distribution conditions by simulating fluid flow into the vertebral body.@*METHODS@#A male healthy volunteer was selected. CT scans were performed from T@*RESULTS@#(1) The VonMises stress of T@*CONCLUSION@#Reliable biomechanical model of lumbar vertebral fracture can be established by using CT scanning data through software simulation. Vertebral fracture and vertebroplasty will cause biomechanical changes of adjacent vertebral bodies. With the increase of bone cement injection, the influence of biomechanical changes will increase significantly. Neighbouring vertebral fractures are more likely. For this experiment, percutaneous vertebroplasty has a suitable amount of cement injection of 4 ml.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biomechanical Phenomena , Bone Cements , Finite Element Analysis , Fractures, Compression/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery , Spinal Fractures/surgery , VertebroplastyABSTRACT
The inflammatory response is an essential role of innate immune cells such as neutrophils, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are responsible for killing microorganisms and inducing the inflammatory response. We review the function of NETs in inflammatory diseases based on research publications since 2016. In addition, the ability of drugs that target NETs to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases is summarized. This review suggests a new strategy of targeting NETs for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with thyroid cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma, and to analyze the efficacy of tumor volume based on dual-energy CT (DECT) derived iodine overlay image for diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion. Methods: Totally 108 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into thyroid cartilage invasion group (n=49) and non-invasion group (n=59). The clinic data and the tumor volume based on DECT derived iodine overlay image were compared. The risk factors related to thyroid cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma were analyzed using binary Logistic regression, and the efficacy of each risk factor in diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion was further analyzed. Results: No significant difference in gender, age, disease duration and tumor differentiation between thyroid cartilage invasion group and non-invasion group (all P>0.05), while the clinical type of tumor, anterior commissure involvement and tumor volume were significantly different between the two groups (all P<0.01). The Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor volume based on iodine overlay image (P<0.01) and anterior commissure involvement (P=0.03) were risk factors of thyroid cartilage invasion. Taking the tumor volume=3.91 cm3 as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of thyroid cartilage invasion were 93.90% and 89.80%, with the Youden index of 0.84 and AUC of 0.97 (95%CI [0.94, 0.99], P<0.01), respectively. Conclusion: Tumor volume based on DECT derived iodine map and anterior commissure invasion are risk factors for thyroid cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma. Tumor volume based on DECT derived iodine map can be used to diagnose thyroid cartilage invasion.
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Objective: To explore the value of dual-energy CT in detection of thyroid cartilage invasion of laryngeal carcinoma. Methods: Totally 106 patients with laryngeal carcinoma underwent preoperative dual-energy CT enhanced scan. Taken pathology as the gold standard, the diagnostic value of dual-energy CT derived weighted-average image and iodine overlay image combined with weighted-average image in detection of thyroid cartilage invasion were compared. And the objective parameters (the normalized iodine concentration [NIC] and the slope of spectral Hounsfield unit curve [λHU] of the invaded thyroid cartilage and contralateral normal non-ossified thyroid cartilage in arterial phase) were measured to analyze the effectiveness of dual-energy CT derived quantitative parameters in differentiating invaded thyroid cartilage and normal non-ossified thyroid cartilage. Results: Among 106 patients, thyroid cartilage invasion was found in 40 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of weighted-average image in diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion was 75.00% (30/40), 83.33% (55/66) and 80.19% (85/106), while of iodine overlay image combined with weighted-average image was 87.50% (35/40), 95.45% (63/66) and 92.45% (98/106), respectively. NIC and λHU of invaded thyroid cartilage was 0.16±0.05 and 1.92±0.39, respectively, both higher than those of the contralateral normal non-ossified thyroid cartilage (-0.01±0.02, 0.19±0.06; both P<0.05). The critical values of NIC and λHU for distinguishing invaded thyroid cartilage and normal un-ossified thyroid cartilage was 0.05 and 0.71, the AUC were both 0.98, and the sensitivity was 97.50% and 92.50%, the specificity was 92.50% and 97.50%, respectively. Conclusion: NIC and λHU in arterial phase have promising potential in distinguishing thyroid cartilage invasion of laryngeal carcinoma from normal non-ossified thyroid cartilage.
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Purpose To explore the feasibility of dual source CT virtual unenhanced replacing conventional plain scan in parotid gland mass examination.Materials and Methods Thirty-five parotid gland mass (38 focus) confirmed through dual source CT and surgical operative pathology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were retrospectively analyzed,including 13 pleomorphic adenoma parotid,14 adenolymphoma (17 focus),5 malignant tumor and 3 inflammatory lesions.All patients received conventional plain scan and dual energy enhanced scan.Liver virtual unenhanced software was adopted to obtain virtual unenhanced image in arterial phase and concordance of parotid gland mass displayed on conventional plain scan and virtual unenhanced images was compared.Normal parotid tissue,focal area,salivary gland,thoracic paraspinal muscle,average CT value of lower jawbone,signal noise ratio noise ratio (SNR),contrast noise ratio noise ratio (CNR),image quality score,radiation dose and effective dose (ED) for conventional plain and virtual unenhanced were compared.Results Subjective image quality score for conventional plain scan and virtual unenhanced was 4.34 ± 0.80 and 4.17 ± 0.82,respectively;and difference between the two was of no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Average CT value difference of angulus mandibulae thoracic paraspinal muscle,submandibular gland and normal parotid for 35 patients with parotid space-occupying lesions with conventional plain scan and virtual plain scan was of no statistical difference (P＞0.05).The average CT value of conventional plain scan parotid mass and mandible compared with the virtual plain scan,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).SNR difference for parotid gland mass was of statistical significance (P＜0.05).Difference of CNR between the two groups was of no statistical significance (P＞0.05).ED of virtual plain scan was lower than that of conventional plain scan and the difference was of statistical significance (P＜0.05).The reduced radiation dose was about 38.6％.Conclusion Conventional plain scan and virtual unenhanced are of highly concordance in examination and diagnosis of parotid gland mass and radiation dose for virtual unenhanced is less.
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OBJECTIVE:To determinate the release rate and in vitro transdermal rate of asarinin in Cancer pain cataplasm. METHODS:Using homemade devices and modified France diffusion,isolated skin of rats as barrier,normal saline as solvent,the content of asarinin was determined by HPLC. Release rate of Cancer pain cataplasm within 20,50,80 and 120 min and transder-mal amount within 2,4,8,12,24 h were investigated,and accumulative release rate and accumulative transdermal rate were cal-culated. RESULTS:Accumulative release rate by 120 min of asarinin in Cancer pain cataplasm was 73.01%;24 h in vitro transder-mal rate was 26.01%,and transdermal kinetics equation of asarinin was Q=5.717 7t1/2-0.385 4(r=0.979). CONCLUSIONS:Cancer pain cataplasm has good release and transdermal performance. Its transdermal kinetics is in line with Higuchi equation.
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Objective To select the optimum condition for the determination of formaldehyde in the car and to understand the formaldehyde pollution situation,dynamic change law and the influence factors.Methods The national standard method,acetyl acetone spectrophotometer,was used to determine formaldehyde.The investigated cars were the ones which left the factory for one month,three months,six months and one year.The sampling time,rate of flow and coloration time were determined.The influence of temperature and ventilation on the formaldehyde content in the car was analyzed.Results The formaldehyde content in the car was influenced by the temperature,ventilation,date of production and the type of the car.The optimum conditions for the determination of formaldehyde in the car were as follows,10 min of sampling time,0.3 L/min of sampling flow rate and 3 min of coloration time.Conclusion Ventilation is an effective measure to reduce the formaldehyde content in the car.Higher temperature is good for the release of formaldehyde.The formaldehyde content in the car will reach the standard limit in one year after left factory.