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Objective:To investigate the preventive efficacy of pirfenidone in esophageal stent-related restenosis and the related underlying mechanisms.Methods:Twenty-four rats underwent esophageal stent placement were included in this study. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups, with 8 rats in each group. The three groups were set to receive placebo, 150 mg/kg pirfenidone and 300 mg/kg pirfenidone daily by oral administration for 28 days, respectively. Twenty-eight days after stent placement, the stented esophagi were harvested for histological examinations. The number of epithelial layers, the thickness of submucosal fibrosis, the percentage of granulation tissue area, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, the degree of collagen deposition, and the α-SMA staining scores were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was performed for the statistical comparison of the number of epithelial layers, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, the degree of collagen deposition and the α-SMA staining scores among these three groups. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of the thickness of submucosal fibrosis and the percentage of granulation tissue area among the three groups. Results:Gross pathological findings showed that both pirfenidone groups had significantly less luminal fibrotic tissue formation and restenosis than placebo group. The percentage of granulation tissue areas in placebo group, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg pirfenidone groups were 57.23%±25.68%, 21.80%±6.65% and 12.18%±6.37%, respectively. Both pirfenidone groups showed significantly less granulation tissue areas than placebo group ( P<0.01). The degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, the degree of collagen deposition and the α-SMA staining scores were 3.28±0.55, 3.38±0.63 and 2.75±0.38 in placebo group, 2.30±0.46, 2.36±0.58 and 2.00±0.42 in 150 mg/kg pirfenidone group, and 1.86±0.38, 1.91±0.41 and 1.57±0.28 in 300 mg/kg pirfenidone group, respectively. Both pirfenidone groups showed significantly less inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and α-SMA staining scores than placebo group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Pirfenidone can suppress esophageal stent-related restenosis in rats by significantly inhibiting inflammation, myofibroblast activation and proliferation, and fibrotic tissue formation.
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Ablation is one of the important treatment methods for liver cancer, and standard ablation techniques, scientific and rational therapeutic strategy, and close teamwork are important premises for a good clinical effect. Although the efficacy of ablation therapy for liver cancer has gradually increased with the continuous improvement of ablation techniques, there remains a high tumor recurrence rate, and therefore, there is an urgent need for the therapeutic strategies that can improve the efficacy of ablation therapy for liver cancer and the prognosis of patients. Establishment of a diverse team for liver cancer ablation is a new concept put forward on the basis of a conventional team for liver cancer ablation to meet the requirements of ablation therapy for liver cancer. Since a diverse team for liver cancer ablation has potential advantages over a conventional team, it may be a promising mode for establishing a team for liver cancer ablation.
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Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic effect of percutaneous intranodal lymphography in patient with chylous leakage.Methods:The clinical data of percutaneous intranodal lymphography in patients with chylous leakage from January 2019 to November 2019 in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 8 patients (5 males and 3 females, median age 64 years old) were enrolled. Four patients were iatrogenic chylothorax, 3 patients iatrogenic chyloperitoneum, and 1 patient chyloperitoneum with unknown cause. All 8 patients were received inguinal lymph nodes puncture under ultrasound guidance, and contrast agent iodinated oil was injected for lymphography. The procedure complications were recorded and the follow-up data were collected for efficacy assessment.Results:The percutaneous intranodal lymphography was successfully performed in all patients (8/8). The median amount of iodinated oil used was 17.5 ml; the median operation time was 88 min, without complications found during the procedure. The results of percutaneous intranodal lymphography was positive in 5/8 cases, of which chylothorax and chyloperitoneum was 4/4 and 1/4, respectively. Four cases with chylothorax showed contrast extravasation at different level of thoracic duct, and 1 case after pancreatic cancer resection showed contrast extravasation at L3-4 level. The chylous leakage was treated in 5 patients (5/8) during and resolved after percutaneous intranodal lymphography, with 3 chylothorax and 2 chyloperitoneum cases, respectively.Conclusion:Percutaneous intranodal lymphography is a safe and effective lymphography method for the diagnosis of chylous leakage, and also has application values in the treatment of chylous leakage.
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Objective To investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on motor function and the anterior horn neuron of lumbar spinal cord after acute sciatic nerve compression injury in rats.Methods The rat model with acute sciatic nerve compression injury was established in 32 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats,which were randomly divided into four groups:Res group,Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) group,Normal Saline (NS) group and sham-operation group.Res,DMSO and saline were successively injected by intraperitoneal for 10 days after established crush acute sciatic nerve compression injury model,while sham-operation group was sutured only after exposure to the sciatic nerve.The weight,the change of toe extension angle,and the sciatic functional index (SFI) of rats were observed at the 1st day before operation and the 1st,3rd,7th,and 10th days after surgery.The expressions of neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and microtubule-associate protein 2 (MAP2) were detected by immunofluorescent staining of I4-L6 spinal cord anterior horn on the 10th day after surgery.Results No significant changes were found in the weight of rats among four groups.Compared to the sham,the motor function of the injured limb in Res,DMSO,and NS rats was impaired,and the anterior horn neurons were seriously damaged.But the differences of the change of toe extension and the sciatic functional index of rats were significantly higher in Res group than that of the DMSO group and NS group (P ＜ 0.01) at the 3rd,7th,and 10th days after surgery.The expressions of NeuN and MAP2 in the anterior horn of rat lumbar spinal cord were up-regulated in Res group relative to DMSO and NS,and the number of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly relieved at the 10th days.Conclusions Res was significant to rat model of acute sciatic nerve injury,which could increase the number of neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and help the recovery of motor function.
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Objective To investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on motor function and the anterior horn neuron of lumbar spinal cord after acute sciatic nerve compression injury in rats.Methods The rat model with acute sciatic nerve compression injury was established in 32 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats,which were randomly divided into four groups:Res group,Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) group,Normal Saline (NS) group and sham-operation group.Res,DMSO and saline were successively injected by intraperitoneal for 10 days after established crush acute sciatic nerve compression injury model,while sham-operation group was sutured only after exposure to the sciatic nerve.The weight,the change of toe extension angle,and the sciatic functional index (SFI) of rats were observed at the 1st day before operation and the 1st,3rd,7th,and 10th days after surgery.The expressions of neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and microtubule-associate protein 2 (MAP2) were detected by immunofluorescent staining of I4-L6 spinal cord anterior horn on the 10th day after surgery.Results No significant changes were found in the weight of rats among four groups.Compared to the sham,the motor function of the injured limb in Res,DMSO,and NS rats was impaired,and the anterior horn neurons were seriously damaged.But the differences of the change of toe extension and the sciatic functional index of rats were significantly higher in Res group than that of the DMSO group and NS group (P ＜ 0.01) at the 3rd,7th,and 10th days after surgery.The expressions of NeuN and MAP2 in the anterior horn of rat lumbar spinal cord were up-regulated in Res group relative to DMSO and NS,and the number of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord was significantly relieved at the 10th days.Conclusions Res was significant to rat model of acute sciatic nerve injury,which could increase the number of neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and help the recovery of motor function.
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Objective:To study the formula of triptolide (TRI) self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and evaluate the pharmaceutical properties.Methods:The formula and preparation process of triptolide self-microemulsion were screened by the solubility test and pseudo-ternary phase diagram.With the average particle size and self-microemulsifying time as the indices,the further formula optimization of triptolide self-microemulsion was carried out.The pharmaceutical properties of triptolide self-microemulsion were evaluated.Results:The optimal formula of TRI SMEDDS was as follows:the amount of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) was 20%,that of polyoxyethylene castor oil (EL-35) was 40%,and that of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) was 40% in the oil phase.The average particle size was 43.48 nm,and the time of self-microemulsification was less than 30 s.Conclusion:The average particle size and the appearance of triptolide self-microemulsion are accordance with the requirements of pharmaceutics.Triptolide self-microemulsion has good sustained-release effect,which lays foundation for the further study on pharmacodynamics.
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Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Danzhong on mammary estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expressions in rats with dimethylbenzanthracine (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty female SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomized into a model group of 60 rats and a blank group of 30 rats. The model group received an oral gavage of DMBA for model making. The blank group received an oral gavage of equal volume of sesame oil. At 15 weeks after model making, the model group of rats was randomized into treatment and control groups. The treatment group received acupuncture at Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Danzhong, and the control and blank groups, only the same grasp and release. After the completion of acupuncture treatment (twenty-seventh week), abdominal venous blood was taken and serum tumor markers were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Tumor masses were counted and their shapes were recorded. The mass was taken and its height, maximum diameter and vertical diameter were measured using a 1 mm precision vernier caliper. Pathological changes in tumor tissues, and ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities were observed under an Olympus optical microscope.Results There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the average number and volume of mammary tumors between the treatment group and the control or blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the concentrations of various tumor markers (CA724, CA125, CA199, AEP, CA15-3, CEA and CA50) between the treatment or control group and the blank group (P<0.01,P<0.05) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in CA15-3 concentration between the treatment and control groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities between the treatment group and the control or blank group (P<0.01) and between the control and blank groups (P<0.01).Conclusions Acupuncture can reduce the occurrence of rat DMBA-induced mammary tumor (including the number and volumes of the tumors). The mechanism of its action may be related to decreasing the concentrations of tumor markers CA724, CA125, CA199, CA15-3, AEP, CEA and CA50 and especially to decreasing CA15-3 concentration, and ER and PR positive areas and mean optical densities.