ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the experience, attitude and practice of sexuality education for teachers, so as to provide evidence for promoting sexuality education training for teachers and teaching ability improvement.@*Methods@#From September to October 2021, 2 146 valid data of kindergarten and primary and secondary school teachers across the country were collected. Associateds factors of teachers sexuality education behavior were explored by Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#Family and school based sexuality education experiences were insufficient among teachers (22.51%, 46.55%), and the proportions of female teachers who had received sexuality education (20.44%, 41.67%) were significantly higher than that of male teachers (2.05%, 4.90%). Currently, 47.53 % of the kindergartens and primary and secondary schools from participating teachers didn t carry out sex education, which mainly focused in the field of reproductive health and physical development. Kindergartens and primary and secondary schools often integrated sex education into other disciplines (64.48%, 47.83%). Teachers acceptance of family and school based sexuality education, students willingness to communicate on sexual topics with teachers, teachers confidence in answering sexual questions were positively correlated with teachers teaching activities of sexuality education ( OR=1.59, 1.37, 1.67, 1.67, P < 0.01 ).@*Conclusions@#Teachers teaching ability of sexuality education is insufficient, and school based sexuality education couldn t meet students developmental needs. Providing sexuality education training to teachers and enhancing their confidence in answering sexual questions are helpful to facilitate sexuality education teaching activities.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by the highest mortality among carcinomas. The pathogenesis of PDAC requires elevated autophagy, inhibition of which using hydroxychloroquine has shown promise. However, current realization is impeded by its suboptimal use and unpredictable toxicity. Attempts to identify novel autophagy-modulating agents from already approved drugs offer a rapid and accessible approach. Here, using a patient-derived organoid model, we performed a comparative analysis of therapeutic responses among various antimalarial/fungal/parasitic/viral agents, through which econazole (ECON), an antifungal compound, emerged as the top candidate. Further testing in cell-line and xenograft models of PDAC validated this activity, which occurred as a direct consequence of dysfunctional autophagy. More specifically, ECON boosted autophagy initiation but blocked lysosome biogenesis. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that this autophagic induction was largely attributed to the altered expression of activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Increased nuclear import of ATF3 and its transcriptional repression of inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID-1) led to inactivation of the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thus giving rise to autophagosome accumulation in PDAC cells. The magnitude of the increase in autophagosomes was sufficient to elicit ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, ECON, as an autophagy inhibitor, exhibited synergistic effects with trametinib on PDAC. This study provides direct preclinical and experimental evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of ECON in PDAC treatment and reveals a mechanism whereby ECON inhibits PDAC growth.
ABSTRACT
Abstract@#In recent years, school-based sexuality education was attached with great importance by more and more countries and educators. However, in China, the implementation and promotion of school-based sexuality education is still facing a number of challenges, including course/class hours, teaching materials, training of teachers as well as the collaboration among schools, families and communities, etc. This paper aims to learn from advanced experience of sexuality education in Macau, in order to promote the development of school-based sexuality education in Mainland China.
ABSTRACT
More efficient drug delivery system and formulation with less adverse effects are needed for the clinical application of broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX). Here we obtained outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs), a nano-sized proteoliposomes naturally released by Gram-negative bacteria, from attenuated and prepared doxorubicin-loaded O0MVs (DOX-OMV). Confocal microscopy and distribution study observed that DOX encapsulated in OMVs was efficiently transported into NSCLC A549 cells. DOX-OMV resulted in intensive cytotoxic effects and cell apoptosis as evident from MTT assay, Western blotting and flow cytometry due to the rapid cellular uptake of DOX. In A549 tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice, DOX-OMV presented a substantial tumor growth inhibition with favorable tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile, and TUNEL assay and H&E staining displayed extensive apoptotic cells and necrosis in tumor tissues. More importantly, OMVs' appropriate immunogenicity enabled the recruitment of macrophages in tumor microenvironment which might synergize with their cargo DOX . Our results suggest that OMVs can not only function as biological nanocarriers for chemotherapeutic agents but also elicit suitable immune responses, thus having a great potential for the tumor chemoimmunotherapy.
ABSTRACT
Urinary microquantitative albumin (UALb), immunoglobulin G (UIgG) ?2-microglo-bulin (U?2m), and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) were measured in 36 chronic B hepatitis (CHB) and 23 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients with radioimmunoassay. 109 healthy normal subjects served as controls. The results showed that the excretion of UALb was significantly increased in 17 patients. Out of 17 patients,the excretion of UIgG in 5 and U?2m in 16 were increased and the excretion of THP in 9 patients were decreased. Compared with normal controls there was a significant difference (P