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@#Objective To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B (GB) on cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3)/chromosome 10 deletion phosphatase-tension protein homologue (PTEN)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway and cell proliferation and apoptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes. Methods H9C2 cells were cultured in vitro. A control group was cultured in serum-free DMEM high glucose medium at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 28 hours. The remaining groups were prepared with hypoxia/reoxygenation models. A GB low-dose group and a GB high-dose group were treated with GB pretreatment with final concentration of 50 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L respectively at 1 h before hypoxia/reoxygenation. A carvedilol group was treated with carvedilol of a final concentration of 10 μmol/L at 1 h before hypoxia/reoxygenation. The proliferation and apoptosis of H9C2 cells were detected, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), PTEN, Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and Caspase-3 in H9C2 cells were also detected. Results Compared with the control group, the proliferation rate of H9C2 cell, and the levels of PTEN, Akt and p-Akt in other groups decreased, and the apoptosis rate, and the levels of LDH, MDA, ROS and Caspase-3 increased (P<0.05). Compared with the hypoxia/reoxygenation group, the proliferation rate of H9C2 cell, and the levels of PTEN, Akt and p-Akt in all GB dose groups and the carvedilol group increased; the apoptosis rate, and the levels of LDH, MDA, ROS and Caspase-3 decreased, and the effect of GB was in a dose dependent manner; however, the effect of GB was not as strong as carvedilol (P<0.05). Conclusion GB can inhibit H9C2 cell apoptosis and promote H9C2 cell proliferation by activating Caspase-3/PTEN/Akt pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore a more minimally invasive and economical treatment for atrial septal defect (ASD) through comparing the efficacy and safety in percutaneous transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect procedure,guided by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography(TEE).Methods From March 2014 to September 2017,197 patients with ASD who were feasible to treated with percutaneous transcatheter closure procedure evaluated by preoperative ~ were recruited.TTE showed ASD belonged to secundum(central type) with a maximal diameter range from 2 mm to 35mm,including 82 cases of the ASD without aortic rim.There were 106 patients(47males and 59 females including 37 ASD without aortic rim) with a mean age of 14.2 years(6 months-59 years) old and a mean body weight of 29.5(8.5-64.0)kg were performed percutaneous transcatheter closure of ASD guided by TEE under general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation,and 91 patients(41males and 50 females with 45 ASD without aortic rim inside) with a mean age of 13.8 years(9 months-65 years) old and a mean body weight of 30.4 (9.5-61.0)kg were treated with the percutaneous transcatheter procedure guided by TTE when patients in waking state of local anesthesia(general anesthesia were adopted in patients under 12 years old without intubation).The size of the occluder was selected on the basis of the maximal diameter plus 2-6mm.All 197 cases intraoperation and postoperation data were collected,including complications 、operation time 、operation room stay time and total cost.Results 1 patients in 106 cases of the the TEE group were transferred to small incision on the chest performing transthoracic transcatheter closure of ASD because the difficult stuck of the occluder.3 patients in TEE group transferred to repair under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) via small incision on the chest because the difficult stuck of the occluder even in using transthoracic transcatheter closure way.86 patiens in TTE group successfully treated with percutaneous transcatheter closure,and there were 5 failed cases including 2 patients who transferred to TEE guided because of the poor imaging of TTE,another 2 cases treated with transthoracic transcatheter closure of ASD because the difficult stuck of the occluder,and 1 patient performed ASD repair procedure under CPB via small incision on the chest because of the huge ASD without aortic rim and difficult stuck of the occluder.All the 197 patients were cured and discharge from hospital,and there were no complications.There was no significant difference in age,weight,and maximum diameter of ASD between TEE group and TTE group (P ＞ 0.05).Follow-ups were conducted by TTE at month 3 post-operation,and all 197 cases performed no residual shunt of ASD,there were no difference between 2 group.The stay time in the operation room was(68.2 ± 17.3) min in group TEE and (34.7 ± 16.8) min in group TTE,there was obviously shortened the stay time in operation room(P ＜0.01).The total cost of the TTE group was(24.2 ± 2.1) thousand yuan,and the group TEE was(29.3 ± 1.4) thousand yuan,and the cost was significantly reduced in TTE group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The treatment of percutaneous transcatheter closure of ASD guided by TTE is effective and safe,and the feature of more non-invasive and socioeconomic benefits show a broad application prospect.
ABSTRACT
Objective we assessed our institutional outcomes of hybrid treatment for aortic arch disease with supra-aortic debranching and endovascular stent graft repair.Methods From March 2016 to November 2016,6 patients underwent Hybrid total aortic arch repair:1 had aortic arch pseudoaneurysm;1 had type Ⅲ aortic dissection;4 had aortic arch aneurysm because of hypotension,of whom 1 with aneurysm prerupture and 1 with Aortic intramural hematoma.Supra-aortic vessels were involved and high-risk for traditional operations in all patients.Bifurcated artificial vessels were used,main vessel was end-to-side anastomosed with ascending aorta.Branching vessel were end-to-end anastomosed with right innominate artery and left subclavian artery,end-to-side anastomosed with left common carotid artery.Then,stent graft was implanted into ascending aorta and aortic arch.All patients were followed postoperatively,with regularly contrast computed tomography angiogram (CTA) and echocardiography(discharge,three months,six months,and yearly).Results Hybrid procedure with supra-aortic debranching and endovascular stent graft repair were completed in all patients,technical success rate was 100％.There were no perioperative obvious morbidity and mortality,follow-up period were 2-9 months.1 patients had stroke during follow-up period,condition improved after treatment.Supra-aortic vessels were patency and there were no endoleak in all patients.There were no recurrent aortic disease during follow-up period.Conclusion Hybrid aortic arch replacement can be performed with good postoperative and early results in high-risk patients for traditional open repair.