Construction of virtuality and reality combination teaching mode of molecular biology experiment based on constructivism / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:Molecular biology experimental technology has become an important basic tool for exploring biology and medicine and other related disciplines. We aim to explore an effective molecular biology experimental teaching model which will definitely improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.Methods:Guided by the theory of constructivism, with the molecular biology experimental course as the carrier, and with the basic requirements of constructing the basic molecular biology experimental technology of the system, a teaching platform was established to guide students to preview the experiment independently; the physical experimental projects were integrated and optimized and the virtual simulation experimental projects were increased, with virtuality and reality, to improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.Results:An online teaching platform has been established, which effectively guides and improves the effect of students' preview experiments, and cultivates the ability of autonomous learning. Besides, the experimental teaching mode combining optimization of physical experimental projects and virtual simulation experimental projects significantly improved students' molecular biology experimental operation skills and problem-solving ability.Conclusion:A constructivism-based teaching mode of combining virtual and real molecular biology has been established, which is an effective way to improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.

Analysis of difficult-to-treat sites in patients with psoriasis who received biological therapy / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate difficult-to-treat sites in patients with psoriasis receiving biological therapy.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 73 adult patients with psoriasis in the database of Psoriasis Center, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases from June 2020 to September 2021, who had received sufficient and standardized treatment with biological agents for ≥ 24 weeks, and were still treated with biological agents at the time of enrolment into this study with the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score being 1 - 5 at the time of enrolment into the database of Psoriasis Center. Distribution of psoriatic lesions resistant to biological therapy were analyzed, and differences in refractory sites were compared between different biologics. Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze differences in the anatomical distribution of residual skin lesions after treatment with different biologics, McNemar test to compare the anatomical distribution of skin lesions before and after biological therapy, and Kruskal-Wallis H test to analyze the association between PASI scores for residual skin lesions and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) scores. Results:After ≥ 24 weeks of sufficient and standardized biological therapy in the 73 patients, refractory skin lesions mostly involved the lower limbs (46 cases, 63.01%) , followed by the scalp (36 cases, 49.32%) and upper limbs (27 cases, 36.99%) ; proportions of patients with residual skin lesions on the face and neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs, hands and feet significantly decreased after biological therapy compared with those before treatment (paired χ2 = 5.14, 7.69, 9.90, 4.17 and 6.13, P = 0.016, 0.003, 0.001, 0.031 and 0.008, respectively) , while there was no significant difference in the proportions of patients with skin lesions on the scalp and genital areas before and after treatment (both P > 0.05) . No significant difference in the anatomical distribution of residual skin lesions was observed between the 13 patients receiving treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (adalimumab, infliximab, or tumor necrosis factor receptor-antibody fusion protein) and 59 receiving treatment with interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors (secukinumab or ixekizumab) (all P > 0.05) . There was no significant difference in the anatomical distribution of residual skin lesions in the 13 patients before and after the treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (all P > 0.05) ; in the 59 patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors, the proportions of patients with residual skin lesions on the trunk, upper limbs, hands and feet significantly decreased after treatment (paired χ2 = 4.90, 9.09 and 7.11, P = 0.021, 0.001 and 0.004, respectively) , while there was no significant difference in the distribution of skin lesions on the scalp, face and neck, lower limbs and genital area before and after treatment (all P > 0.05) . Among the 73 patients, the PASI scores for lesions on the upper and lower limbs and the total PASI scores were all associated with the DLQI scores ( H = 7.52, 12.61, 6.75, respectively, all P < 0.05) , and were significantly higher in the patients with DLQI scores of > 10 points than in those with DLQI scores of ≤ 5 points (all P < 0.05) . Conclusions:Biological therapy-resistant psoriatic lesions were mostly located on the scalp, and refractory skin lesions mostly involved the lower limbs, scalp and upper limbs. No significant difference in the anatomical distribution of residual skin lesions was observed between patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and IL-17 inhibitors, but IL-17 inhibitors may result in lesion clearance at more anatomical sites compared with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.

Analysis and thinking of the integration of medical curriculum in China: from the perspective of learning theory / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article starts with the definition of integrated curriculum, analyzes the modes of horizontal, vertical and spiral integration, and summarizes the implementation of integrated curriculum models in North America, Europe and Asian countries. At the same time, we present the implementation of the integrated curriculum teaching model in several domestic universities. Then, we analyze the problems of the domestic integrated curriculum from the aspects of mechanism structure, content connection, teaching ability and assessment and evaluation. Finally, we propose corresponding thoughts and suggestions for the problems from the learning theories view.

Interaction between adverse pregnancy history and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts on missed abortion / 环境与职业医学

Background The incidence rate of missed abortion is increasing year by year, but the etiology has not been fully elucidated. Adverse pregnancy history and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may increase the risk of missed abortion. Objective To investigate the interaction between adverse pregnancy history and PAHs exposure on missed abortion in early pregnancy, and to provide evidence for the etiologic research of missed abortion. Methods A total of 114 pregnant women diagnosed with missed abortion in the Department of Obstetrics of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March to December 2019 were selected as the case group, and 139 pregnant women who visited the same hospital for voluntary induced abortion in the same period as the control group, to collect basic information and medical information of abortion, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation, and other adverse pregnancy history. Abortion villus tissues were collected to detect PAH-DNA adducts levels, stratified by pregnancy and adverse pregnancy history and grouped by quartile method: Q1 (< 404.61 ng·L−1), Q2 (404.61−453.75 ng·L−1), Q3 (453.76−506.72 ng·L−1), and Q4 (≥506.73 ng·L−1). SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for χ2 test and multiple logistic regression, and additive and multiplicative models were used to investigate the interaction between adverse pregnancy history and PAH-DNA adducts level on missed abortion. The PAH-DNA adducts were grouped by tertiles and quartiles, and P33, P50, P67 and P75 were used as data cut points for sensitivity analysis. Results The proportion of adverse pregnancy history in the case group (32.46%) was higher than that in the control group (12.23%) (P < 0.001). Among 160 subjects with≥2 pregnancies, the proportion of adverse pregnancy history in the case group (57.81%) was higher than that in the control group (17.71%) (P < 0.001). The results of χ2 test stratified by pregnancy for different PAH-DNA adducts levels between the two groups showed that the PAH-DNA adducts level was associated with missed abortion in subjects with≥2 pregnancies (χ2=10.14, P=0.017). Being further stratified by adverse pregnancy history, the PAH-DNA adducts level in subjects with no adverse pregnancy history was associated with missed abortion (χ2=9.70, P=0.021). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that adverse pregnancy history (OR=5.88, 95%CI: 2.79−12.39) and PAH-DNA adducts (OR=3.01, 95%CI: 1.22−7.40) increased the risk of missed abortion, but no interaction between them was found. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), the attributable percentage of interaction (AP), and the synergy index (SI) and its 95%CI were 0.60 (95%CI: −0.58−1.77), 0.74 (95%CI: −0.83−2.30), and 0.20 (95%CI: 0.01−5.43), respectively. Conclusions Adverse pregnancy history and PAH-DNA adducts in pregnant women may increase the risk of missed abortion. The effect of the interaction between them on the occurrence of missed abortion is not supported by the current study.

Relationship among cyberbullying, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To identify the latent classes of cyberbullying in college students, and to analyze its relationship with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, so as to provide a theoretical reference for effectively intervention of cyberbullying.@*Methods@#Cluster random sampling was used to select 1 094 college students from Liaoning Province and Jilin Province from April to May, 2021. The Cyberbullying Victims Behaviors Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and BSI CV were used in this study and data was analyzed by using latent class analysis, one way analysis of variance and Logistic regression to analyze the data.@*Results@#Cyberbullying of college students could be divided into three latent classes: low incidence group ( 72.40 %), general incidence group (20.20%) and high incidence group (7.40%). There were significant differences in depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among different classes of cyberbullying ( P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for demographic variables, general incidence group and high incidence group significantly and positively predicted depressive symptoms ( β general incidence group =0.88, β high incidence group =2.44, P <0.01) and suicidal ideation ( β general incidence group =0.50, β high incidence group =1.20, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Families, schools and society should conduct different interventions for college students who suffer from different classes of cyberbullying to reduce depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and promote mental health of college students.

Simultaneous Determination of 5 Components in the Classical Formula Huaihua San by HPLC Wavelength Switching Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To develop a method for simultaneous determination of 5 components in classical formula Huaihua san，including rutin ，naringin，neohesperidin，quercetin and pulegone. METHODS ：HPLC wavelength switching method was adopted. The determination was performed on Cosmosil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.05％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were set at 257 nm for rutin ，283 nm for naringin and neohesperidin ，254 nm for quercetin ，252 nm for pulegone ，respectively. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃， and sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS：The linear range was 21.7-2 170 μg/mL for rutin，46-4 600 μg/mL for naringin，22.3- 2 230 μg/mL for neohesperidin，0.96-96 μg/mL for quercetin，2.7-270 μg/mL for pulegone（all r＞0.999），respectively. RSDs of precision，stability（24 h）and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％（n＝6）. Average recoveries were 100.70％，99.31％， 101.10％，100.03％ and 99.63％（all RSD ＜2％，n＝9）. Among 3 batches of Huaihua san samples ，the contents of above 5 components were 20.055-22.615，25.557-27.806，11.428-13.250，0.350-0.478，2.372-4.011 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ： Established method is simple ，accurate and reproducible ，and could be used for the simultaneous determination of 5 components in Huaihua san.

Research progress on the relationship between carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemic load and the incidence of ovarian cancer / 公共卫生与预防医学

Abstract: Ovarian cancer is a gynecological malignant tumor with the highest fatality rate. It is characterized by concealed onset and poor prognosis. Recent studies have found that carbohydrate intake, food glycemic index and food glycemic load are closely related to the incidence of ovarian cancer. In this article, we summarize the current progress of the above-mentioned research and provide references for the prevention and future research of ovarian cancer.

Artificial Intelligence: opportunities and challenges in radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Artificial Intelligence are emerging as poweful tools for many field including medicine.It has be applied to radiation therapy in different degree,such as automatic OAR or tumor volume segmentation,automatic radiotherapy planning,prediction of toxicity and prognostic,etc.In this article,the research progress on Artificial Intelligence in the radiotherapy for malignant tumor was reviewed.

Quality Standard of Huangqi Baoxin Mixture / 医药导报

Objective To establish a quality standard of huangqi baoxin mixture and improve its quality control system. Methods The qualitative analysis of Astragalus membranaceus,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Forsythia,and Angelica were performed by TLC.The content determination of astragalosideⅣin the huangqi baoxin mixture was conducted by HPLC-ELSD. Results As-tragalus membranaceus,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Forsythia,and Angelica in the huangqi baoxin mixture could be accurately identified by TLC.The linear range of astragaloside Ⅳ was 1.224-10.20 μg (r=0.999 5).RSDs of precision,stability,and reproducibility tests were lower than 3.0%;the recovery was 96.2%-102.9% with RSD at 2.20% (n=6). Conclusion The established quan-titative method is simple,accurate,and reliable with high specificity which can be used to control the quality of huangqi baoxin mixture.

Diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Hypertension refers to a systemic vascular disease mainly characterized by elevated systemic arterial blood pressure,which can cause damage to heart,brain,kidney and other vital organs.It is closely related to the death of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has become a major public health problem worldwide.Hypertension can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension.Children with primary hypertension have a low visit rate because of the insidious onset,slow progress and none obvious symptoms in the early period,which may contribute to hypertension in their adulthood.Acute onset,cardiovascular and neurological symptoms are common features of the secondary hypertension in children,which may lead to critical complications in a short term if no effective treatments are taken in time.For children with hypertension,non-pharmacological measures are often recommended as first-line therapy,but treatments with drugs are generally required to reduce blood pressure for a substantial proportion of children,especially those with organ damage.In recent years,some progress has been made in the research about pediatric hypertension.Nevertheless,health care providers are still embracing severe challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric hypertension currently.In this review,we will focus on the diagnosis,etiology and treatment of pediatric hypertension.

Safety evaluation of Ad-shRNA-NgR in brain tissue of EAE rats / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To observe the survival of EAE rats after recombinant adenovirus NgR specific RNA interference(Ad-shRNA-NgR) transfected the brain tissue of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),and provide the basis for EAE intervention.Methods EAE rats were randomly divided into high,medium,low and control groups(20 rats in each group).The lateral ventricle of EAE rats were injected with a titer of 1×1011 pfu/mL,1×1010 pfu/mL and 1×109 pfu/mL Ad-shRNA-NgR.The survival of EAE rats at third and seventh days after injection was observed.Results The survival rate of EAE rats of the high titer group was significantly lower than those of the middle titer group and low titer group at third and seventh days after Ad-shRNA-NgR transfected into EAE brain tissue.There was no significant difference in survival rate in middle titer group,low titer group and control group.Conclusion The titer of Ad-shRNA-NgR is safe in the experiment of EAE rats from 1×1010 pfu/mL to the range of 1×109 pfu/mL.

Changes of blood glucose and insulin after intake of staple food containing potato,sorghum or wheat in healthy adults / 中国糖尿病杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of blood glucose and insulin after intake of staple food containing potato,sorghum or wheat in healthy adults. Methods This study had a cross-over design. A total of 12 healthy adults were recruited and randomly averaged into 3 groups. After fasting for 10 hours,all the subjects were treated with steamed buns of potato,sorghum and wheat flours(100 g in raw flour),respectively. Serum glucose,insulin,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and uric acid(SUA) were measured at fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h and 3 h. After a wash period for 3 days,subjects crossed over to alternate group at second intervention and third intervention on the 5 th and 9 th day. During each intervention,the entire above index were tested. Results Postprandial insulin levels at 3 h was significantly higher in the potato steamed buns group(4.74 μU/ml)than in the sorghum steamed buns (1.65 μU/ml)group(P =0.028). There were no statistical differences in blood glucose and fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h insulin level. Conclusion Postprandial insulin level at 3 h was higher in potato flour steamed buns than in sorghum flour steamed buns.

CAD model design for three-dimensional printing of tissue-engineered tooth scaffold / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:There are less reports on how to successfuly build the internal spatial configuration of tissue-engineered tooth scaffolds. OBJECTIVE:To find a way to establish a series of three-dimensional digital modes for tissue-engineered tooth scaffold, such as CAD spatial configuration and Standard Template Library (STL) files. METHODS:In order to get three-dimensional printing format of STL files, MICRO CT data of DICOM format were input into MIMICS and GEOMAGIC softwares, creating the outline of STL files. Then CATIA V5R17 software was used to create the three-dimensional digital mode of tissue-engineered tooth. Then, the overal model of the internal scaffold was obtained by arraying at the proper coordinates. Various overal scaffold configurations could be built rapidly by varying monomer configuration. The STL files of CAD model of three-dimensional printing tissue-engineered tooth were obtained by assembling the tooth outline mode and the internal scaffold. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The CAD model was constructed successfuly, and this model could be directly used for three-dimensional printing rapid prototyping system to produce tissue-engineered tooth scaffolds. These findings indicate that the three-dimensional digital mode based on reverse engineering and positive engineering can be established, which can be used to quickly build a variety of internal spatial configurations of scaffold materials required for tissue-engineered teeth.

On_line Preconcentration for Sensitive Analysis of PAHs in Cosmetics by Reversed Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography / 分析化学

A sensitive analytical method based on reversed microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography ( MEEKC) combined with on_line preconcentration technique was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) in cosmetics. For six lipophilic PAHs analytes which are difficult to be separated under conventional conditions, three stacking techniques including large volume sample stacking ( LVSS) , dynamic pH junction and sweeping ( LVSS_DypH_sweep ) were combined to realize the efficient preconcentration and separation. Under the optimum conditions, including the microemulsion buffer with the composition of 2. 4%(w/w)SDS_0. 6% (w/w) octane_6. 6% (w/w)n_butyl alcohol_20 mmol/L NaH2PO4 ( pH 2 . 2 ) , HCB injection time of 20 s ( 16 kPa ) and sample injection time of 80 s ( 16 kPa ) , good enrichment effect was reached with the enrichment factors ranged from 25 to 80 , and the PAHs were analyzed successfully within 27 min. The developed method was used to analyze the PAHs in cosmetics. The recoveries ranged from 90 . 6% to 95 . 9%. The RSD values ( n=5 ) were less than 5 . 1%.

Simultaneous Content Determination of Two Sesquiterpene Lactones in Ku-Die-Zi Injection by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to establish a method for the rapid content determination of Ixerin Z and 11,13α-dihydroixerin Z in Ku-Die-Zi (KDZ) injection by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7μm) by using a gradient elution with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1. The column temperature was set at 40℃. Multi-reaction moni-toring (MRM) scanning was employed for quantification in ESI negative mode. The results showed that two sesquit-erpene lactones in KDZ injection were totally separated within 2 min. The linear range of Ixerin Z was 5.70-182.50 ng·mL-1, and the linear range of 11,13α-dihydroixerin Z was 4.60-131.25 ng·mL-1. The correlation coefficient r was more than 0.999 0. The recovery rates (n = 6) were 98.18% and 97.52%, with RSDs < 1.5%. The established method was successfully applied for simultaneous content determination of Ixerin Z and 11,13α-dihydroixerin Z in 6 batches of KDZ injection from 2 factories, which had some variations on the content determination results. It was concluded that the method was rapid, accurate and sensitive, which can be used for the content determination of two sesquiterpene lactones in KDZ injection.

Research Progress in Chemical Constituents of Qi-Gui-Yin Compound / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Qi-Gui-Yin (QGY) compound, which composes of five herbal medicines of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Artemisia annua L., and Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc., which is able to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria with antibiotics, and also to delay or even reverse the bacterial resistance producing. However, QGY compound is a complex mixture. And it is very difficult to elaborate its material foundation. Therefore, chemical constituents in five herbal medicines were summarized through searching of the related literatures. And then, 170 kinds of bioactive ingredients were classi-fied in order to provide evidences for the study on chemical constituent of QGY compound and identify its mate-rial foundation of delaying drug resistance .

Visual function and morphological changes in the macular area of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after intensive insulin therapy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intensive insulin therapy has been found to lessen the progress of diabetic retinopathy (DR) to some extent, while it has also been implicated to be responsible for decrease of DR. We investigated visual function and morphological changes in the macular area in short-term follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after intensive insulin therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a prospective clinical study of nonproliferative DR patients (102 eyes, 120 patients) undergoing intensive insulin therapy. The Contrast Glare Tester (Takagi CGT-1000) was used to examine contrast sensitivity (CS) and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) II and Stratus Model 3000 OCT were used to observe the changes of morphology in the macular area. Follow-up times were pre-intensive therapy, 3 and 6 months post-intensive therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CS at low and middle frequencies was higher at 3 and 6 months post-therapy compared with pre-therapy (P < 0.05). Significant differences in CS at low frequency were found between 6 and 3 months post-therapy (P < 0.05). Macular edema index was lower in the first, second, and third rings of the macular area after intensive therapy compared with pre-therapy (P < 0.05). Compared with 3 months post-therapy, the macular edema index was lower in the first, second, and third rings of the macular area at 6 months post-therapy (P > 0.05). No significant differences in the thickness of the first, second, and third rings of the macular area were detected between 3 and 6 months post-therapy and pre-therapy (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CS and macular edema indexes were significantly improved in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy patients after intensive insulin therapy, but thickness of the macular area was unchanged.</p>

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of buccal-lingual mandibular width / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Due to dentition defect, dentition loss, periodontal disease, trauma and tumor, many patients have to face insufficient buccal-lingual mandibular width. At present, there is no consistent conclusion in suitable peri-implant buccal-lingual mandibular width. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stress of implant-bone interface with three-dimensional finite element method, in order to evaluate buccal-lingual mandibular width suitable for implants. METHODS: Classes Ⅰ and Ⅲ mandible implant models (the buccal-lingual width of implant neck region was 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 mm) were loaded with 200 N forces vertical y and at 60° oblique. Then, the stress and strain in the implant-bone interfacial were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Almost 2 mm or more than 2 mm of mandible bone width could result in good stress distribution in implant-bone interface. The stress distribution of oblique loading was much greater than that of vertical loading. Proper quantity of peri-implant mandibular width is good for stress distribution in implant-bone interface. In the clinical treatment, the oblique loading should be avoided or reduced.

Expression of Paenibacillus macerans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase in Pichia pastoris and Bacillus subtilis / 生物工程学报

The cgt gene was isolated from Paenibacillus macerans by PCR amplification and was inserted into vectors of pPIC9K and pMAS. The recombinant vectors were transformed to Pichia pastoris KM71 and Bacillus subtilis WB600, respectively. The results showed that alpha-CGTase activity in the culture media of recombinant P pastoris was only 0.2 U/mL, while it was 1.9 U/mL in recombinant B. subtilis. In addition, we optimized the culture conditions of the recombinant B. subtilis strain. After cultivation at 37 degrees C for 24 h with shake flask, the CGTase forming activity in culture media reached to 4.5 U/mL (hydrolysis activity was 3200 IU/mL), which is 9.8-fold to that of the original strain P. macerans.