ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the distribution of water iodine in the external environment of Shanxi Province, and to provide a basis for redefining and implementation of scientific iodine supplementation in iodine deficiency, iodine adequate or iodine high areas. Methods In 2012 - 2016, administrative villages (neighborhood committees)in 119 counties(cities,districts)in 11 cities of Shanxi Province were selected as the investigation units, and 1 to 5 drinking water samples were collected. Water iodine content was detected using arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Areas standard was designated: water iodine content < 10 μg/L as iodine deficiency areas, > 100 μg/L as iodine high areas. Results A total of 26 213 administrative villages (neighborhood committees) of 1 362 townships (towns) of 119 counties (cities, districts) were surveyed, covering 2 850.94 ten thousand people. A total of 32 766 water samples were collected and the median iodine was 5.2 μg/L. There were 18 199 villages with water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 69.4% (covering 1 812.17 ten thousand people, accounting for 63.6%), 6 471 villages with water iodine 10-<50 μg/L,accounting for 24.7%(covering 787.44 ten thousand people,accounting for 27.6 %),1 166 villages with water iodine 50 - < 100 μg/L,accounting for 4.4% (covering 181.46 ten thousand people, accounting for 6.4%), 377 villages with water iodine ≥100 μg/L, accounting for 1.4%(covering 69.87 ten thousand people, accounting for 2.5%).In 1 362 townships (towns), 71.1% (969)water iodine median was<10 μg/L,24.2%(330)water iodine median was in 10-<50 μg/L,3.4%(46)water iodine median was in 50-<100 μg/L,and 1.2%(17) water iodine median was ≥100 μg/L. In 119 counties(cities,districts),there were 90 counties(accounting for 75.6%) with the water median < 10 μg/L, there were 26 counties (accounting for 21.8%) with the water median 10 - < 50 μg/L. Conclusions Most parts of Shanxi Province(or the resident population) are iodine deficiency areas, the external environment water iodine contents in the rest of the regions are different, we should adopt different iodine supplement or iodine reduction measures in regions with different water iodine levels.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the adults in high water iodine area and to reveal the risk factors of thyroid nodules.Methods Questionnaire investigation,determination of urinary iodine and thyroid ultrasound were carried out for residents aged 18 to 65 years old in Gaoche Village of Wenshui County in Shanxi Province,with the exception of pregnant and lactating women.Possible risk factors for thyroid nodules were analyzed.Results Of the 286 residents,89 cases of thyroid nodule were detected and the prevalence rate was 31.1％.The prevalence rate was 25.7％ (35/136) in male and 36.0％ (54/150) in female,there was no significant difference between sex (x2 =2.49,P ＞ 0.05).The average age of the cases with thyroid nodules was (49.6 ± 11.3) years old and was (43.5 ± 11.6) years old in cases without thyroid nodules,there was significant difference between age groups (t =4.11,P ＜ 0.05).The median of urinary iodine of the cases with thyroid nodules was 453.0 μg/L and was 408.4 μg/L in cases without thyroid nodules,there was no significant difference in the median of urinary iodine (Z =-0.616,P ＞ 0.05).The prevalence rate of solitary nodule was 57.3％ (51/89) and multiple nodules 42.7％ (38/89).As to the property nodule,the cyst nodule,the cyst-solid nodule and the solid nodule was 49.4％ (44/89),29.2％ (26/89) and 21.3％ (19/89),respectively.The results of Logistic regression showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodule increased with age (OR =1.048,95％CI:1.024-1.073,P ＜ 0.05) and the multiple nodule increased with age (OR =1.086,95％CI:1.044-1.129,P ＜ 0.05).The cyst nodule was a more common form in women (OR =2.559,95％CI:1.245-5.262,P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of cyst-solid nodule increased with age (OR =1.125,95％CI:1.065-1.189,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of the thyroid nodule in adults is high and the thyroid nodules are mainly the cyst nodules.The prevalence of the thyroid nodule is increased with age,especially the multiple nodules and the cyst-solid nodule in high water iodine area.The cyst nodule is a more common form in women.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate multiple slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of congenital stenosis of the internal auditory canal (CSIAC) and improve the ability for diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirteen cases with fifteen ears were studied. In all cases a MSCT and MRI was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven cases were unilateral, and 2 cases were bilateral. MSCT could show the narrowness of IAC. Three cases were isolated, but the others were combined with inner ear malformations. One ear had inner, middle and outer ear malformations. One ear had inner, middle, and outer ear malformations with a frontal bone malformation. MRI demonstrated that all of the vestibulocochlear nerves were hypoplastic. The cochlear nerve in seven ears was not present, in seven ears the nerve was thinner, and in the last case it was poorly visualized. The facial nerve in two ears was hypoplastic. Volume rendering (VR) could present the degree of the narrowed internal auditory canals, combined with other inner ear anomalies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSCT will show the degree of the narrow internal auditory canals and combined anomalies, while the MRI can further demonstrate the nerves' development.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Young Adult , Constriction, Pathologic , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Ear, Inner , Congenital Abnormalities , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, Spiral ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis and therapy of adrenal incidentalomas. Methods The data of 66 cases of adrenal incidentalomas were retrospectively analyzed. Results The accuracy rates of localization detected by B-Ultrasound,CT scan and MRI were 84.3%,100% and 100% respectively. The accuracy rates of qualitative diagnosis by B-Ultrasound, CT scan and MRI were 30.0%,75.5% and 79.2% respectively. There were 60 cases underwent operation and the postoperative pathological examination confirmed that there were 31 cases of adrenal cortical adenoma, 6 cases adrenal cyst, 5 myelolipoma, 5 pheochromocytoma, 3 adrenal cortical carcinoma, 3 metastatic carcinoma, 3 ganglioneuroma, 1 adrenal neurilemmoma, 1 adrenal hematoma, and 1 nodular hyperplasia of adrenal cortex. Conclusions Ultrasonography is the first choice of scanning adrenal incidentaloma. However the CT scan and MRI are satisfactory in localization of the tumour. The qualitative diagnosis of adrenal incidentaloma will depend on the diameter, imaging features of tumors, the age of patients, and endocrine examination.