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In 2022, World Health Organization (WHO) launched the 5th edition of the classification of renal tumors. This classification continues to use the previous classification framework of renal tumors based on morphology and tissue structure, and proposes the concept of renal cell carcinoma defined by molecular features for the first time. This article interprets from the 3 aspects of historical changes of WHO classification and grading of renal tumors, comparison of 2022 and 2016 WHO classification of renal tumors, and the role of molecular characteristics in the new pathological types such as ELOC mutant renal cell carcinoma, ALK rearrangement renal cell carcinoma, eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma. The purpose is to better understand the WHO from the traditional classification system based on tissue morphology to a three-in-one integrated classification system covering morphology, immunophenotype and genetic characteristics, and to understand the important value of molecular pathology in guiding the work of pathologists and clinicians under the new classification system.
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@#【Objective】To investigate whether oral administration of probiotics could improve the aluminum-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice.【Methods】Twenty-four 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups，6 in each. The mice in control（CON）group，AlCl3-treated（Al）group，probiotics-treated（PO）group and treatment-combined（Al+PO）group were treated with sterile water，oral AlCl3，probiotics in sterile water and a combination of oral AlCl3 and probiotics in sterile water ，respectively. After six weeks of treatment，immunofluorescence staining was used to test the numbers of activated microglia（Iba-1+/CD68+ cells） and the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF）in hippocampus；enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was employed to determine the levels of interleukin- 1 β（IL- 1 β） and tumor necrosis factor- α（TNF- α）in serum and hippocampus.【Results】 The morphology revealed that compared with those in CON group，in Al group，the numbers of Iba-1+/CD68+ cells increased significantly（P < 0.01）and the BDNF level decreased significantly（P < 0.01）. Compared those in Al group ， in Al+PO group ，the numbers of Iba-1+/CD68+ cells were significantly lower（P < 0.01）and the BDNF level significantly higher（P < 0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with those in CON group，in Al group，the levels of IL-1β and TNF- α in serum and hippocampus had a significant rise（P < 0.01）. Compared those in Al group，in Al+PO group，the levels of IL- 1 β in serum and hippocampus and TNF-α in hippocampus had a significant reduction （P < 0.01）.【Conclusions】Oral probiotics improves the aluminum-induced hippocampal inflammation in mice.
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Herpetone( HPT) is a bioactive lignan extracted from Herpetospermum pedunculosum,which can protect liver,lower aminotransferase and inhibit hepatitis B virus. However,HPT has a poor oral bioavailability due to its poor water solubility. And there is no report about whether HPT has an anti-hepatic fibrosis activity. To improve the dissolution of HPT and study its anti-hepatic fibrosis activity and mechanism,the study group prepared herpetone nanosuspensions( HPT-NS) by the miniaturized media milling method. The formulation and process of HPT-NS were optimized by the single factor experiment. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe morphology of HPT-NS. Dialysis method was used to study dissolution of HPT-NS in vitro. CCK8 method was used to assess the effect of HPT-NS on proliferation of the rat hepatic stellate cells( HSC-T6). Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of HPT-NS on apoptosis and cell cycle of HSC-T6. The mean particle size of optimized HPT-NS was( 196±7) nm with a polydispersity index of 0.279±0.009.SEM showed that HPT-NS was in a regular rod shape. The cumulative dissolution rate of HPT-NS reached 93% in 18 h,and was higher than that of herpetone coarse suspensions( HPT-CS,28%). CCK8 experiment showed that the inhibition rate of HPT-NS on HSC-T6 was higher than that of HPT-CS. Flow cytometry showed that HPT-NS could block HSC-T6 cells in G2/M phase and induce apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells,with a significantly stronger effect than HPT-CS. The results revealed that HPT-NS significantly increased the in vitro dissolution of HPT,and enhanced the inhibitive effect on HSC-T6 cell proliferation by blocking cells in the G2/M phase and inducing late apoptosis.
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Animals , Rats , Cell Line , Hepatic Stellate Cells , Lignans , Liver CirrhosisABSTRACT
The paper covered in brief the process and achievements of the pre-hospital emergency service standardization in Dezhou. It is held that such development provides the emergency service with a scientific service management appraisal system, and contributes to efficient implementation of such emergency service, making it an effective means for rational resources deployment. The authors recommended to build an effective and standardized operational mechanism and a mechanism for appraisal and supervision, to elevate primary level pre-hospital emergency capability and promote the use standardized tools extensively as well as the formulation and enforcement of such standards at provincial level.
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Chuangxinmycin (CM) from Actinoplanes tsinanensis was an antibiotic discovered by Chinese scientists about 40 years ago. It contains a new heterocyclic system of indole fused with dihydrothiopyran, whose biosynthetic mechanism remains unclear. CM is used as an oral medicine in the treatment of bacterial infections in China. The simple structure makes CM as an attractive candidate of structure modification for improvement of antibacterial activity. Recently, we analyzed the secondary metabolites of Actinoplanes tsinanensis CPCC 200056, a CM producing strain, as a natural CM analogue. We discovered the first natural CM analogue 3-demethylchuangxinmycin (DCM) as a new natural product. Compared to CM, DCM exhibited a much weaker activity in the inhibition of the bacterial strains tested. The finding provides valuable information for the structure-activity relationship in the biosynthesis of CM.
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Chuangxinmycin (CM) from Actinoplanes tsinanensis was an antibiotic discovered by Chinese scientists about 40 years ago. It contains a new heterocyclic system of indole fused with dihydrothiopyran, whose biosynthetic mechanism remains unclear. CM is used as an oral medicine in the treatment of bacterial infections in China. The simple structure makes CM as an attractive candidate of structure modification for improvement of antibacterial activity. Recently, we analyzed the secondary metabolites of Actinoplanes tsinanensis CPCC 200056, a CM producing strain, as a natural CM analogue. We discovered the first natural CM analogue 3-demethylchuangxinmycin (DCM) as a new natural product. Compared to CM, DCM exhibited a much weaker activity in the inhibition of the bacterial strains tested. The finding provides valuable information for the structure-activity relationship in the biosynthesis of CM.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chemistry , China , Indoles , Chemistry , Micromonosporaceae , Chemistry , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) combined irradiation on the apoptosis of human lung cancer GLC-82 cells and to study its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The growth inhibition rate of GLC-82 cells acted by different concentrations DHA was detected using MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Clone forming test was used. With multi-target single-hit model, the radiosensitization effect was assessed by calculating sensitizing enhancement ratio (SER).The effect of DHA combined irradiation on the apoptosis of GLC-82 cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The protein expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Different concentrations DHA (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 μg/mL) had cytotoxicity on GLC-82 cells. The IC50 for 24, 48, and 72 h was 38.25,20.58, and 10.36 μg/mL, respectively, in obvious dose- and time-dependent manner. The growth inhibition rate was more significantly increased than that of the blank control group (P < 0.01, P<0.05). DHA had sensitization enhancement effect on GLC-82 cells, with SER of 1.4. DHA combined irradiation could obviously change the structure of GLC-82 cells cell cycle and induce apoptosis (with the apoptosis rate of 21.5%), which was significantly different from that of the blank control group (P < 0.05). Western blot showed the expression of p53 and p21 protein could be increased by DHA combined irradiation, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein down-regulated (P <0.01, P <0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DHA had stronger cytotoxicity and radiosensitization on GLC-82 cells. Its mechanisms might lie in making the arrest of GLC-82 cells' growth at G0/G1 phase, decreasing the ratio of cells at S phase, restoring the function of p53, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein, and inducing apoptosis in GLC-82 cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Artemisinins , Pharmacology , Cell Cycle , Cell Proliferation , Down-Regulation , Flow Cytometry , Lung Neoplasms , Metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins , Metabolism , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents , Pharmacology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate if the endothelin-1 (ET-1),nitric oxide(NO) can affect renal artery blood flow and explore the clinical value of ultrasonography in hypertensive disorder complication pregnancy.Methods 18 patients of gestational hypertension,18 patients of gently preeclampsia,20 patients of severe preeclampsia and 20 normal pregnancy women were chosen in random.Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to detect the peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic velocity (EDV),resistive index (RI),pulsatility index (PI) of renal interlobar artery.The levels of serum ET-1 and NO were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nitric acid recovery respectively.Results The level of EDV in preeclampsia patients were significant lower than the control group (P ＜0.05).The levels of RI,PI,S/D in preeclampsia patients were significant higher than the control group (P ＜0.05).The level of ET-1 in study group was higher than control group (P ＜0.01).The level of NO in study group was lower than control group (P ＜0.01).There was positive correlation between the RI,PI,S/D of renal interlobar artery and the level of serum ET-1.There was inverse correlation between the RI,PI,S/D of renal interlobar artery and the level of serum NO.Conclusions Endothelial dysfunction can cause unbalance of renal vessel systolic-diastolic function.The level of renal artery blood flow parameters can reflect the state of vessel function and have clinical value in hypertensive disorder complication pregnancy.
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Objective To determine the clinical efficac y of nuclear matrix protein 22(NMP22) as a novel urine marker for bladder cance r. Methods Urine NMP22 values were determined for 18 bla dder cancer patients and 20 urological benign disease patients by an enzyme-lin ked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Median NMP22 va lue for the bladder cancers was 44.3 IU/L vs 5.8 IU/L for urological benign dise ases. The urinary NMP22 values in the bladder cancer group were significantly hi gher than those in the benign condition group (P
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The influence of ?-ionone and ergosterol on the growth and the yield of CoQ_ 10 in yeast was investigated. The results indicated that ?-ionone had the stimulative effect on the biosynthesis of CoQ_ 10 in yeast, and 28.3% increase of the CoQ_ 10 content in the cell was observed when the concentration of ?-ionone in the medium was 0.208?10~ -3 mol/L. Little ergosterol also had the same effect with ?-ionone, while 31.3% increase of the CoQ_ 10 content in the cell was observed when the concentration of ergosterol in the medium was 0.15?10~ -4 mol/L. However, the biosynthesis of CoQ_ 10 was inhibited when the concentration of ergosterol was 0.60?10~ -4 mol/L. Addition of ?-ionone and ergosterol to the medium resulted in 36.1% increase over the control. The results showed that the cell could effectively accumulate more CoQ_ 10 with the addition of ?-ionone and ergosterol to the medium.