ABSTRACT
To investigate the effects of neuronal histamine on spatial memory acquisition impairment in rats with pentylenetetrazole-kindling epilepsy, and to explore its mechanisms.A subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (35 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected in rats every 48 h to induce chemical kindling until fully kindled. Morris water maze was used to measure the spatial memory acquisition of the rats one week after fully pentylenetetrazole-kindled, and the histamine contents in different brain areas were measured spectrofluorometrically. Different dosages of hitidine (the precursor of histamine), pyrilamine (H1 receptor antagonist), and zolantidine (H2 receptor antagonist) were intraperitoneally injected, and their effects on spatial memory acquisition of the rats were observed.Compared with control group, escape latencies were significantly prolonged on Morris water maze training day 2 and day 3 in pentylenetetrazole-kindling epilepsy rats (all<0.05); and the histamine contents in hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus were decreased significantly (all<0.05). Escape latencies were markedly shortened on day 3 by intraperitoneally injected with histidine 500 mg/kg, and on day 2 and day 3 by intraperitoneally injected with histidine 1000 mg/kg in pentylenetetrazole-kindling epilepsy rats (all<0.05). The protection of histidine was reversed by zolantidine (10 and 20 mg/kg), but not by pyrilamine.Neuronal histamine can improve the spatial memory acquisition impairment in rats with pentylenetetrazole-kindling epilepsy, and the activation of H2 receptors is possibly involved in the protective effects of histamine.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Benzothiazoles , Pharmacology , Brain Chemistry , Epilepsy , Hippocampus , Chemistry , Histamine H1 Antagonists , Pharmacology , Histamine H2 Antagonists , Pharmacology , Histidine , Pharmacology , Hypothalamus , Chemistry , Kindling, Neurologic , Physiology , Memory Disorders , Drug Therapy , Pentylenetetrazole , Phenoxypropanolamines , Pharmacology , Piperidines , Pharmacology , Pyrilamine , Pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Histamine H2 , Physiology , Spatial Memory , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Thalamus , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of sequential enteral nutrition support in patients with severe cerebral stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-nine patients with severe cerebral stroke met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into sequential enteral nutrition group (Group A, n=24) and conventional enteral nutrition group (Group B, n=25). Patients in Group A received short-peptide-based enteral nutrition support first, then gradually transferred to intact protein enteral nutrition. Meanwhile, patients in Group B constantly received intact protein enteral nutrition support. The nutritional indexes and the rate of complications were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The nutritional indexes were decreased in both groups within 4 weeks after admission, but the decreasing levels of hemoglobin and albumin in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B (P<0.05), and the incidence of infections and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in Group A was also lower than that in Group B (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in body weight, BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, biceps circumference, arm muscle circumference between two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sequential enteral nutritional support can improve the nutritional status and decrease the incidence of complications in critical patients with cerebral stroke.</p>