ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the combination of S-shaped urethral dilator and nephro-scope for the treatment of male urethral stricture disease. Methods Guidewires were inserted into bladder through the nephroscope under direct vision. The urethral dilation with S-shaped urethral dilator was carried out by nephroscope in 41 male patients. All catheters were located across the strictures and remained for 4-6 weeks. The regular follow-up was done on all cases to assess the clinical effect on urine flow. Results All surgeries were successful without serious complications. The mean operative time was (40.16 ± 5.78) min. The voiding symptoms were significantly improved after catheter removal compared with those of preoperation in all cases. Patients were followed up after surgery and were regularly urethral dilation at least 6 weeks. The mean follow-up time was (34.75±6.42) weeks.There were incontinence, diminished sexual function and other complications after operation in all cases. Conclusion Nephroscope combined with S-shaped urethral dilator for the treatment of male urethral stricture disease is feasible, minimally invasive and safe, which is worthy of recommendation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association of hepatitis B virus(HBV) S gene quasispecies with the outcome of HBV infection.Methods Serum samples were collected from three chronic HBV carriers, three chronic hepatitis B and three chronic severe hepatitis B patients.All subjects were male and with HBV genotype C.HBV S gene was amplified, and 20 clones of HBV fragment were randomly selected and sequenced from each sample.SPSS 15.0 software was adopted for analysis.Results Quasispecies complexity of HBV S gene in chronic HBV carriers and chronic hepatitis B tended lower than that of the severe chronic hepatitis B, but the difference was not of statistical significance (P＞0.05).In T cell epitope 45, 47, 85 amino acid sites of the HBV S gene, the constitution of quasispecies in the chronic hepatitis B was more complex than that of the HBV carriers (P=0.01), but compared with the severe chronic hepatitis, the difference was not significant (P=0.06).The computer model showed that both the dominant clones and the non dominant clones could effectively bind to the receptors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Conclusion Quasispecies in some T cell epitopes of HBV S gene may be related with the clinical outcome of hepatitis B.