Research progress in the role of gut microbiota in human diseases / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Gut Microbial species have different physiologic functions, such as digestion, nutrition, immunity, etc. Studies have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in intestinal function. Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that participates in the physiological and pathological processes of the human body and forms a dynamic equilibrium with the human body. If this balance is broken, it may lead to or aggravate the occurrence and development of diseases. In recent years, researches have confirmed that the biological composition of gut microbiota in patients with diseases is significantly different from that of healthy people. The detection and transformation of gut microbiota has certain value and therapeutic effect on the diagnosis of diseases. Systematic biological methods can be used to study the relationship between gut microbiota and immunity and metabolism. In this paper, the related researches on the interactions between gut microbiota and human diseases were reviewed, including immunodeficiency-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, celiac diseases, intestinal microbial-related metabolic diseases and neurological diseases, and the related pathogenesis was summarized as well.

Application of whole exome sequencing technique for the pathogenic gene screening of rare osteopetrosis / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To screen the pathogenic gene of osteopetrosis to provide reference for its genetic di-agnosis and prognosis .Methods The clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from the pa-tients with osteopetrosis ,DNA was extracted ,the whole exome sequencing library was built ,then the high throughput detection was performed and the pathogenic gene was screened by combining with the bioinformat-ics technology .Results The whole exomes in 2 cases of osteopetrosis were analyzed ,the average sequencing depth of the two samples were 169 .38X and 231 .06X respectively ,in which the case 1 carried rare mutation TCIRG1(c .1305+2T>C) ,TCIRG1(c .2008C> T ) and CLCN7(c .1116C> T );the case 2 carried a rare muta-tion CLCN7(c .857G>A ) .T he bioinformatics analysis indicated that the rare mutations carried by these cases all had different degrees of influence on the structure and function of gene products .Conclusion The whole exome sequencing can once screen the know n pathogenic mutations of osteopetrosis ,is an effective tool for pathogenic mutation screening of osteopetrosis ,the clinical disease in 2 cases of osteopetrosis may be closely related with the patient′s carrying TCIRG1 and CLCN7 mutation .

Effect of anti-HLA antibody detected by Luminex testing on clinical prognosis of renal transplantation ;recipients / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the value of anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)antibody level detected by Luminex testing in predicting clinical prognosis of renal transplantation recipients. Methods A total of 1 105 patients scheduled to undergo renal transplantation (354 successfully undergoing renal transplantation)in the 181st Hospital of People's Liberation Army from June 2013 to November 2015 were selected. The serum samples were collected from 1 923 cases before and after renal transplantation. The positive rate and fluorescent intensity of anti-HLA antibody were detected by Luminex testing before and after renal transplantation. The renal function of recipients was also evaluated after renal transplantation. Results Prior to renal transplantation,51.0%(546/1 071)of serum samples were positive for anti-HLA antibody,including 26.0%(279/1 071)positive for anti-HLAⅠantibody,24.9%(267/1 071)positive for anti-HLAⅡantibody and 11.4% (122/1 071 )positive for both anti-HLA Ⅰ and anti-HLA Ⅱ antibodies. Among 354 patients undergoing renal transplantation,59 (17%)were positive for anti-HLA antibody after renal transplantation,including 25 (4 newly positive after surgery)positive for anti-HLAⅠantibody,15 (1 newly positive after surgery)positive for anti-HLAⅡantibody and 19 (4 newly positive after surgery)positive for both anti-HLA Ⅰ and anti-HLA Ⅱ antibodies. During subsequent follow-up,13 patients positive for anti-HLAⅠantibody,5 positive for anti-HLAⅡantibody and 1 1 positive for both anti-HLA Ⅰ and anti-HLA Ⅱ antibodies developed transplant kidney dysfunction. All patients newly positive for anti-HLA antibody after renal transplantation presented with transplant kidney dysfunction. Conclusions Luminex testing can perform dynamic detection of the positive rate of anti-HLA antibody,which is important in predicting clinical prognosis of recipients after renal transplantation.

Operation time and curative effect on acute gallstone pancreatitis / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To analyse and summarise of the clinical effect and operative opportunity laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute mild unobstructed gallstone pancreatitis.Methods Fify-four gallstone pancreatitis patients were treated as observation group in the first people's hospital of yangzhou from December 2012 to September 2015,which were treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy after two weeks,while 53 patients which were treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy after three months were treated as control group.The treatment effect,operation time,hospitalization time and total cost.Results There were no deaths,no bile duct injury and biliary fistula,the total hospitalization time [(19.8 ±2.6)d vs (26.5 ±3.5) d],the total cost [(2.6282 ± 0.2451) vs (3.2892 ± 0.3982)],recurrent pancreatitis rate (0) were lower than the control group(9.4％),the recovery rate of liver function were higher than the control group,there was significant difference between two groups(P ＜ 0.05),however,there was no significant difference between two groups for postoperative complications and operation time (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions For acute mild unobstructed gallstone pancreatitis patients,the safe and feasible operative opportunity was recommended two weeks after the symptoms were completely improved,Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute gallstone pancreatitis can promote recovery,shorten the hospitalization time.

Genome-wide analysis of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in uremia patients using hMeDIP-chip / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) DNA modification in the onset of systemic lupus erythemosus (SLE),we compared tihe levels 5-hmC between SLE patients and normal controls.Methods With informed consent,whole blood was obtained from patients,and genomic DNA was extracted.Using hMeDIP-seq analysis and validation by quantitative real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),we identified the differentially hydroxymethylated regions that were associated with SLE.Results There were 1 701 genes with significantly different 5-hmC levels at the promoter region in the SLE patients compared with the normal controls.The CpG islands of 3 826 genes showed significant difference at 5-hmC levels in SLE patients compared with the normal controls.Out of the differentially hydroxymethylated genes,three were selected for validation,including TREX1,CDKN1A,and CDKN1B.The hydroxymethylation levels of these three genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.Conclusion Our studies indicate that there are significant alterations of 5-hmC in SLE patients;these differentially hydroxymethylated genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.Such novel findings show the significance of 5-hmC as a potential biomarker or promising target for epigenetic-based SLE therapies.

Effect of multimodal analgesia on immunological function after renal transplantation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Multimodal analgesia provides sufficient analgesia in renal recipients and appears to be associated with the recovery of renal function after transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of multimodal analgesia with dezocine on postoperative immunity after renal transplantation, and discuss the appropriate analgesic drugs and methods for patients with renal transplantation. METHODS:Forty patients undergoing renal transplantation were randomly divided into two groups. They al received general anesthesia combined with epidural blockage. Control group received intramuscular injection of analgesic drugs when needed, while dezocine group received multimodal analgesia:preemptive anaIgesia with dezocine+patient-control ed epidural analgesia. The heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and saturation of blood oxygen were detected before anesthesia, 12, 24, 48 hours after transplantation. T lymphocyte subsets, interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in venous blood were measured before anesthesia, 12, 24, 48 hours after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with before anesthesia, the CD4+, CD8+cellsubset counts, CD4+/CD8+ratio, the levels of interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the levels of interleukin were significantly increased after transplantation in the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative CD4+cellsubset counts, the levels of interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 were significantly lower at 12 hours after transplantation than that before anesthesia (P<0.05), then recovered to normal levels at 24 hours in dezocine group. The postoperative CD8+cellsubset counts, CD8+and CD4+/CD8+ratio were not changed before and after transplantation in the dezocine group. The levels of interleukin-10 in the dezocine group were significantly increased at 48 hours after transplantation compared with before anesthesia (P<0.05), which was stil lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Multimodal analgesia with dezocine can effectively protect the immune system, promote short-term turnover of renal function, and prolong graft survival for patients with renal transplantation.

Expression and function of BRAF-activated long non-coding RNA in colorectal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of BRAF-activated long non-coding RNA (BANCR) in colorectal cancer,and the influence of BANCR on the biological function of HCT116 cells.Methods Fifty-six samples of colorectal cancer specimen (including the cancer tissues and precancerous tissues) were obtained at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2012 to June 2013.The expressions of BANCR in all the specimens were detected by qRT-PCR (28 cases in the BANCR-high expression group and 28 cases in the BANCR-low expression group).The relationship between the expressions of BANCR and the clinicopathological factors of colorectal cancer was analyzed.The HCT116 cells were divided into 4 groups after interfering BANCR with lentiviral-mediated shRNA-1 and shRNA-2:interference group 1 (HCT116 cells transfected with LV-shRNA-1),interference group 2 (HCT116 cells transfected with LV-shRNA-2),negative control group (HCT116 cells transfected with lentivirus vector with nonsense sequence) and blank control group (HCT116 cells cultured in RPMI 1640 medium).The proliferation,apoptosis and migration of HCT116 cells in the 4 groups were detected by CCK-8 assay,flow cytometry and Transwell assay,respectively.The comparison between the 2 groups was analyzed by u test,and multiple groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance,repeated measurement analysis of variance and LSD-t test.Multivariate analysis was done by Logistic regression model.The difference between categorical data was compared by chi-square test.Results The relative expression of BANCR in the cancer tissues was 1.6 ± 0.4,which was significantly higher than 0.9 ± 0.7 of the precancerous tissues (u =1 020.000,P ＜ 0.05).The result of univariate analysis showed that the high expression of BANCR was correlated with the lymph node metastasis and tumor stage (x2 =4.595,7.487,P ＜ 0.05).The result of multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis and tumor stage (stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ) were the independent risk factors influencing the high expression of BANCR(OR =4.000,5.914,95％ CI:1.230-12.900,1.685-20.760,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of BANCR of the interference group 1,interference group 2,negative control group and the blank control group were 0.25 ±0.04,0.20±0.06,0.96 ±0.04,0.98 ±0.03,with significant difference among the 4 groups (F =271.610,P ＜ 0.05).The cell proliferation rates at day 6 of the interference group 1,interference group 2 and the negative control group were 80.6％ ± 7.6％,81.2％ ± 5.1％ and 87.9％ ± 13.6％,with no significant difference among the 3 groups (F =0.559,P ＞ 0.05).The apoptotic rates of the interference group 1,interference group 2,negative control group and the blank control group were 4.7％ ± 1.7％,5.1％ ± 1.1％,3.1％ ± 0.6％ and 2.8％ ± 0.9％,with no significant difference among the 4 groups (F =2.881,P ＞ 0.05).The numbers of transmembrane cells of the interference group 1,interference group 2,negative control group and the blank control group were 135 ± 29,107 ± 18,240 ± 24 and 245 ± 22,with significant difference among the 4 groups (F =45.194,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions BANCR was overexpressed in the HCT116 cells,and the BANCR overexpression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor stage.BANCR can promote the migration of HCT116 cells.BANCR could be an important biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Effects of multimodal analgesia on postoperative pain and cytokines after renal transplantation / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of the multimodal analgesia on postoperative pain after renal transplantation and the cytokines .Methods 40 cases of allogaft renal transplantation due to chronic renal failure were randomly divided into two groups (n=20) .The group D received the multimodal analgesia :preemptive analgesia plus patient controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA) and the group C(control) received analgesic drugs by intermittent intramuscular injection .The visual analogue scale(VAS) scores , the Ramsay sedation scores ,HR ,MAP and SPO2 at postoperative 2 ,6 ,12 ,24 ,48 h were recorded .Blood interleukin-2(IL-2) ,in-terleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-10(IL-10) levels were measured before anesthesia ,at the end of operation and postoperative 6 , 24 ,48 h .Results Postoperative MAP and SPO2 had no obvious change in the two groups ,no statistical differences in the various time points existed between the two groups (P>0 .05) .HR was significantly increased at 6 ,24 h after operation in the group C , which had statistical difference compared with that at the same time points in the group D (P0 .05) .The levels of IL-2 and IL-10 at postoperative 6 ,24 ,48 h in the two groups were significantly higher than those before anesthesia and at the end of operation (P<0 .05) .The levels of IL-2 and IL-6 at postoperative 6 ,24 ,48 h in the group D were significantly lower than those in the group C(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Multimodal analgesia can reach the effective analgesic effect ,down-regulate the pro-inflam-matory cytokines and up-regulate anti-inflammatory cytokines for maintaining postaperative serum cytokines balance .

CpG Array Analysis of Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Linked to Microarrays Analysis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of IgA Nephropathy Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the aberrance of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in patients with IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, H3K4me3 variations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 IgAN patients and 15 healthy subjects were analyzed using chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to microarrays analysis (ChIP-chip). ChIP real-time PCR was used to validate the microarray results. Expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed correlations between mRNA and H3K4me3 levels. DNA methylation status was analyzed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS: We found that 321 probes displayed significant H3K4me3 differences in IgAN patients compared with healthy controls. Among these probes, 154 probes displayed increased H3K4me3 and 167 probes demonstrated decreased H3K4me3. For further validation, we selected 4 key relevant genes (FCRL4, GALK2, PTPRN2 and IL1RAPL1) to study. The results of ChIP real-time PCR coincided well with the microarray data. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed the correlations between the mRNA expression and the methylation levels of H3K4me3. Different degrees of DNA methylation alterations appeared on the selected positive genes. CONCLUSION: Our studies indicated that there were significant alterations in H3K4me3 in IgAN patients. These findings may help to explain the disturbed immunity and abnormal glycosylation involved in IgAN patients.

Variations of serum peptide spectrum in nephrotic syndrome patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective To compare the serum peptidome spectrum between nephrotic syndrome patients and normal controls, and to search for their variations. Methods The serum peptide profiling was determined by ClinProt magnetic bead enrichment and matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in 17 mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) patients, 12 minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) patients, 10 membranous nephropathy (MN) patients, 10 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. Results 5 differentially expressed polypeptides were screened out between MsPGN and normal controls (15.28±7.61, P＜0.01). 7 differentially expressed polypeptides were screened out between MCNS and normal controls (2.16±1.59, P＜0.01). 6 differential expressed polypeptides were screened out between MN and normal controls (35.48±13.71, P＜0.01). 5 differential expressed polypeptides were screened out between FSGS and normal controls (18.06±8.07, P＜0.05). The statistical significance was set at P＜0.05. A Genetic Algorithm was used to set up the classification model between patients and normal controls. The model separated MsPGN, MCNS, MN and FSGS group from normal controls with a cross validation of 96.18%, 100%, 98.53% and 94.12%, respectively. The recognition capabilities were 100%. Conclusions The study established the serum peptidome spectrum for nephrotic syndrome by proteomic technology, and provided a new viewpoint to better understand the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.

An epidemiological study on the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relationship to chronic kidney disease in the urban community residents of Guangxi / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To detect the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relationship to chronic kidney disease(CKD) in the residents of Guangxi, and to discuss the risk factors for the hyperuricemia associated renal damage. Methods The residents aged 18-75 years old(n=6 273) in Xiangshan community,Guilin, were screened by means of cross-sectional study. Blood pressure was measured at 8:00-9:00.Fasting blood and urine samples were collected to determine blood glucose, lipid, insulin, creatinine, and urine albumin. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the community residents was 23.5% in all cohort, being significantly higher in male residents than in female(28.4% vs 19.7%,P＜0.01). The prevalence of CKD was 21.6% in all cohort, and was 24.9% in males and 19.0% in females(P＜0.01). The prevalence of CKD was 30.4% and 18.9% respectively in residents with and without hyperuricemia(P＜0.01).The prevalence of CKD in males with hyperuricemia(34.3%) was significantly higher than in males without hyperuricemia(21.2%) and females with hyperuricemia(25.9%, all P＜0.01). CKD was only positively related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure shown by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricemia markedly increases in the urban residents, which contribute to the raised prevalence of CKD. Slightly elevated blood uric acid level is associated with raised prevalence of CKD.

Regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of chronic renal insufficient / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the significance of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of chronic renal insufficientce.Methods:The peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 patients with chronic renal insufficient.The ratios ot CD4+T cell in lymphocyte and CD4+CD127-Treg and CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg in CD4+T were detected by flow cytometry.Results:The number of CD4+T in lymphocyte of chronic renal insufficient was higher than in healthy control group and there wasn’t significantly difference of the CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg ratios in CD4+T between chronic renal insufficience and healthy central.The ratio of CD4+T cells in lymphocytes of chronic renal insufficience was lower than in healthy control group except compensatory stage.There was no correlation between CD4+T cell ratios in lymphocytes,CD4+CD127-Treg or CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg ratios in CD4+T cells and the values of BUN,Cr among the hypertension patients.Conclusion:The number of CD4+T cells increases,and CD4+CD127-Treg decreases in the patients with chronic renal insufficience and their immune functions are shown in disoroler .