ABSTRACT
In recent years, mass spectrometry-based protein analysis has emerged as a powerful tool in clinical laboratories, offering more reliable assessments than conventional laboratory tools and providing benefits for disease diagnosis and treatment. The use of targeted protein quantitation has gained widespread acceptance, particularly in the detection of insulin-like growth factor I, thyroglobulin, and monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Meanwhile, significant advancements have been made in non-targeted protein analysis, such as the diagnosis of amyloidosis, monoclonal gammopathies, and membranous nephropathy. High-resolution mass spectrometry has enabled the identification and differentiation of pathogenic proteins in these diseases, as well as the discovery of new proteins involved in disease onset and progression. As a result, clinical diagnosis and disease differentiation have improved, as well as our understanding of these diseases.