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The regulator does not encourage the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a cell culture supplement to reduce the risk of zoonosis and heterogeneous immune responses.In addition,FBS production is subject to strict examination because of animal welfare principles.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the platelet lysate (PL) showed a faster growth rate,while maintaining good osteogenic differentiation,PL also have the key factors of MSC attachment,biological safety and immune regulation ability after MSC amplification.PL was proposed as an altemative to MSC in vitro expansion of FBS.This paper briefly introduces the latest research on the field of PL amplification in vitro.
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Bone regeneration strategy to repair bone defects shows great potential.Although the skeleton has a strong self-healing and repair capabilities, for huge bone defect caused by trauma, congenital malformations,infection and surgery,the skeleton is difficult to complete the self-repairing process.In order to promote bone regeneration,bone growth must be induced by biologically active implants,cell and intracellular molecular signaling pathways.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)play an important role in bone repair and remodeling.Understanding the role of MSC and signaling pathways in bone repair and regeneration is critical for the study and development of bone repair materials.
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[Summary] There is growing awareness of the importance of vitamin D beyond maintenance of musculoskeletal health.Vitamin D has been shown to have extensive biological functions,including modulating immune function,inhibiting cellular proliferation,inducing differentiation,promoting apoptosis.Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in critically ill patients,and it may impact the severity of illness and contribute to lessthan-optimal outcomes.Vitamin D plays an important role in preventing the development of critical illness based on its pleiotropic actions,thus holding a profound prospective with respect to an adjunctive therapy in critically ill patients.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in medical intensive care unit (ICU) and its relationship with severity of disease and prognosis.Methods A prospective study was performed to evaluate vitamin D status in 216 patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit.The incidence of hypovitaminosis D was observed.Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score,days kept in ICU and on ventilator,main laboratory findings,and mortality rate were compared among patients with different serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels.Potential risk factors for mortality were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results One hundred and fifty-three patients (70.8％) developed hypovitaminosis D.25 (OH) D deficiency was identified in 95 (44.0％),25 (OH) D insufficiency in 58 (26.8％),and 25 (OH) D sufficiency in 63 (29.2％) patients.APACHE Ⅱ score,positive blood culture,the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),and mortality rate were higher in deficiency group compared with the other two groups [APACHE Ⅱ score:deficiency group 25 (20,28) score,insufficiency group 22 (17,26) score,sufficiency group 19 (18,20) score,P＜0.01 ; positive blood culture:deficiency group 18.9％,insufficiency group 13.8％,sufficiency group 3.2％,P=0.015 ; MODS:deficiency group 48.4％,insufficiency group 43.1％,sufficiency group 25.4％,P=0.025; mortality rate:deficiency group 40％,insufficiency group 24.1％,sufficiency group 15.9％,P =0.003].25 (OH)D levels were negatively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score and mortality rate (r =-0.325,P＜0.01 ; r=-0.276,P＜0.01,respectively).Analysis by multiple logistic regression demonstrated that 25 (OH) D deficiency (OR =3.005,95 ％ CI 1.321-5.875,P =0.008) was independent risk factor for mortality.Conclusions This study demonstrates that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among patients admitted into ICU.Vitamin D deficiency is associated with disease severity,and seems to be an independent risk factor for mortality.
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The ultrastructural characteristics of the mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (MA782/5S-8102) have been studied by transmission electron microscope. The results show that the cells were irregular in the shape, with abundant microvilli on cell surface. The nucleus was abnormal in shape with the nuclear membrane sunk or swollen, the nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio (N/C) was high. There were many free ribosomes, abundant mitochondrias, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and lipid droplets were present. Moreover, many cytoplasmic type-A particles and a few immatural type-B particles at the surface of the cell were observed.