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The setting and adjustment of ventilator parameters need to rely on a large amount of clinical data and rich experience. This paper explored the problem of difficult decision-making of ventilator parameters due to the time-varying and sudden changes of clinical patient's state, and proposed an expert knowledge-based strategies for ventilator parameter setting and stepless adaptive adjustment based on fuzzy control rule and neural network. Based on the method and the real-time physiological state of clinical patients, we generated a mechanical ventilation decision-making solution set with continuity and smoothness, and automatically provided explicit parameter adjustment suggestions to medical personnel. This method can solve the problems of low control precision and poor dynamic quality of the ventilator's stepwise adjustment, handle multi-input control decision problems more rationally, and improve ventilation comfort for patients.
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Humans , Ventilators, Mechanical , Respiration, Artificial , Neural Networks, ComputerABSTRACT
The clinical utilization of doxorubicin (Dox) in various malignancies is restrained by its major adverse effect: irreversible cardiomyopathy. Extensive studies have been done to explore the prevention of Dox cardiomyopathy. Currently, ferroptosis has been shown to participate in the incidence and development of Dox cardiomyopathy. Sorting Nexin 3 (SNX3), the retromer-associated cargo binding protein with important physiological functions, was identified as a potent therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy in our previous study. However, few study has shown whether SNX3 plays a critical role in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. In this study, a decreased level of SNX3 in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy was observed. Cardiac-specific Snx3 knockout (Snx3-cKO) significantly alleviated cardiomyopathy by downregulating Dox-induced ferroptosis significantly. SNX3 was further demonstrated to exacerbate Dox-induced cardiomyopathy via induction of ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro, and cardiac-specific Snx3 transgenic (Snx3-cTg) mice were more susceptible to Dox-induced ferroptosis and cardiomyopathy. Mechanistically, SNX3 facilitated the recycling of transferrin 1 receptor (TFRC) via direct interaction, disrupting iron homeostasis, increasing the accumulation of iron, triggering ferroptosis, and eventually exacerbating Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. Overall, these findings established a direct SNX3-TFRC-ferroptosis positive regulatory axis in Dox-induced cardiomyopathy and suggested that targeting SNX3 provided a new effective therapeutic strategy for Dox-induced cardiomyopathy through TFRC-dependent ferroptosis.
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With the expansion of aging population in China, the increasingly serious situation of Parkinson's disease (PD) threatens the physical and mental health and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people, posing a great challenge to increase healthy life expectancy and realize the Healthy China Strategy. Previous studies showed some connections between dietary and lifestyle factors and PD and suggested that excessive intake of red meat might increase the risk of PD; however, coffee and tea, dietary antioxidants, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, and vitamin B were associated with reducing the risk of PD or delaying the progression of PD, and dietary patterns with high intakes of fresh vegetables and fruits, legumes, whole grains, fish, and poultry meat were also associated with a reduced risk of PD. In addition, physical activity was a protective factor for PD, and smoking was also associated with a reduced risk of PD, but the related mechanisms were still unclear. This paper evaluated the relationships of factors like foods, nutrients, dietary patterns, and lifestyle with PD based on published literature, summarized the limitations of relevant studies, and provided useful enlightenment for PD prevention and control.
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Background It has been reported that a high intake of dairy products might be associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in foreign studies, but no such study has yet been conducted on prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD) and the Chinese population. Objective To investigate the prospective relationship between the intake of dairy products and pPD among people aged 55 and above in four provinces of China. Methods The research data were obtained from the baseline 2018 and follow-up 2020 surveys of Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease. A total of 9984 residents were selected who participated in both waves of surveys and had complete data on demographics, dietary products intake, and risk factors for PD. We evaluated the risk level and the numbers of related risk/prodromal markers of pPD in the participants based on a criteria recommended by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS). Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to obtain food consumption data in the past 12 months, and the intake of dairy products was calculated and divided into non-consumption and tertiles of consumption (T1, T2, and T3 from low to high). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between baseline dairy intake and risk level of follow-up pPD. Poisson regression and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyze the relationship of baseline dairy products and the number of risk/prodromal markers of follow-up pPD in the population, and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze each risk/prodromal marker of follow-up pPD according to baseline levels of dairy products intake. Results The percentage of residents without dairy products consumption was 58.02% in 2018, and the dairy products intakes were relatively high among residents being female, aged 55 to 74 years, with an education level of middle school and above, with a per capita monthly household income ≥ 1000 yuan, living in urban areas, and without active employment (P<0.05). The median risk level of pPD was 0.74% in 2020, and the proportion of residents with 3 to 5 markers was 66.74%. The multiple linear regression analysis results suggested no association between baseline dairy intake and follow-up risk level of pPD. The Poisson regression model showed that the high dairy products intake group at baseline (T3, median=250.00 g·d−1) was found to be 1.159 (95%CI: 1.065~1.261, Ptrend<0.001) times more likely to have the risk/prodromal markers of pPD at follow-up than non-consumers. When the number of markers was grouped, no statistically significant association was found by multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Although high dairy products intake levels might be associated with pPD risk/prodromal markers among people aged 55 and above in four provinces of China, no direct association is found between dairy products intake and pPD risk levels in this study.
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Background China is witnessing an accelerated aging process and an increasingly serious situation of Parkinson's disease. Research on the pre-disease stage and its related influencing factors has gained more and more attention. Objective To analyze the current situation of prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD) of people aged 55 years and above in four provinces of China, and to explore its influencing demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Methods Using the data of Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease in 2020, a total of 10724 participants with complete data on demographic and socio-economic factors and risk factors on Parkinson's disease were selected. Based on the criteria recommended by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS), we evaluated risk level (i.e., post-test probability) of pPd, prevalence of possible or probable pPD, and number of pPD-related risk/prodromal markers in the participants. Multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing socio-demographic factors of risk level of pPd and prevalence of possible or probable pPD, and Poisson regression and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyze the influencing socio-demographic factors of the number of pPD-related risk/prodromal markers in the total sample, men, and women, respectively. Results The median (P25, P75) of post-test probability of pPD in 2020 was 0.78% (0.42%, 1.66%), the prevalence rate of possible or probable pPD was 0.34%, and 69.03% of the participants reported 3-5 pPD-related risk/prodromal markers. The post-test probabilities of men, those with older age, lower education level, per capita monthly household income < 1000 yuan, urban residency, or without active employment were higher (P<0.05). Men and being aged ≥ 75 years had a higher prevalence of possible or probable pPD (P<0.05). The OR of possible or probable pPD was 8.404 (95%CI: 2.839−24.879) in subjects aged ≥ 75 years versus those aged 55−64 years. Males, those without active employment, being less educated, with older age, and urban residents were more likely to report pPD-related risk/prodromal markers than those of the opposite groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Men, subjects aged ≥75 years, those with lower education level, urban residents, and those without active employment have higher risk levels of pPD and are more likely to report pPD-related risk/prodromal markers among people aged 55 years and above in the four provinces of China, poor economic situation is also associated with higher risk levels of pPD.
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Background In recent years, Chinese residents have undergone profound changes in dietary habits and lifestyle, and the increasing prevalence rate of central obesity has become one of the major public health problems. Objective To analyze the changes in waist circumference distribution and central obesity prevalence, and the differences by demographic and socioeconomic factors among Chinese adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 1993 to 2018, and to provide evidence for further exploration of etiology and control measures. Methods Based on the data of nine follow-up rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1993 to 2018, adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects. After excluding the records of missing demographic information or abnormal physical measurement data, a total of 16008 subjects were included in this study. Central obesity was diagnosed by WS/T 428—2013 Criteria of weight for adults. Spearman rank test was used to analyze the changes of waist circumference; Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trends of central obesity prevalence rate; multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of central obesity in the whole population; subgroup analysis on waist circumference and central obesity prevalence rate was also conducted among participants from the 2018 follow-up survey. survey. Results From 1993 to 2018, the waist circumference and prevalence rate of central obesity of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) significantly increased by year (P<0.05). In males, the prevalence rate increased from 4.40% to 35.49% (Ptrend<0.05), while in females, it increased from 6.33% to 18.31% (Ptrend<0.05), and the average growth rates were 8.14% and 2.58% per annum, respectively. The results of multiple model analysis showed that subjects aged 25 to 35 years were more likely to have central obesity than the control group with age 18 to 24 years in both males (OR=1.285, 95%CI: 1.066-1.550) and females (OR=1.558, 95%CI: 1.234-1.967). There were significant associations of central obesity in males with residence, geographical location, and economic zones: urban males were 39.5% (OR=1.395, 95%CI: 1.169-1.165) more likely to suffer from central obesity than rural males; males living in southern China were 37.9% (OR=0.621, 95%CI: 0.519-0.744) less likely to suffer from central obesity than those living in northern China; compared with males living in central economic zone, males living in western economic zone were 27.1% (OR=0.729, 95%CI: 0.567-0.937) less likely and males living in eastern economic zone were 21.8% (OR=1.218, 95%CI: 1.017-1.459) more likely to suffer from central obesity. No significant correlation was found of residence and geographical location with central obesity in females, only in the western economic zone, females were 32.4% (OR=0.676, 95%CI: 0.515-0.886) less likely to suffer from central obesity than those in the central economic zone. With increase of income levels, females were less likely to be central obese, and females of middle income level (OR=0.749, 95%CI: 0.600-0.934) and high income level (OR=0.684, 95%CI: 0.542-0.864) were less likely to suffer from central obesity than those of low income level. In the total population, a higher body mass index (BMI) level was significantly associated with having central obesity; overweight and obese males were found to be 12.207 (95%CI: 10.228-14.568) and 150.418 (95%CI: 111.186-203.492) times more likely to have central obesity, respectively, and the odds ratios for females were 9.014 (95%CI: 7.446-10.912) and 88.215 (95%CI: 61.411-126.717), respectively. Conclusion From 1993 to 2018, waist circumference and the prevalence rate of central obesity in adults aged 18-35 in selected 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China have been increased year by year, the condition of central obesity is more severe in males. Gender, age, economic zones, and BMI are the major influencing factors. It is necessary to take effective early screening and intervention measures targeting central obesity in youth population to reduce health risks.
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AIM: To evaluate the bioequivalence of the test and reference formulations of mycophenolate mofetil capsule in Chinese healthy male subjects under fasting and fed conditions. METHODS: This was a 2-treatment, 2-sequence, 4-period, fully replicated crossover study that included 80 Chinese healthy male subjects (40 subjects in the fasting group and 40 subjects in the fed group, respectively). Subjects were assigned to receive a single oral administration of the test or reference formulation at a dose of 0.25 g in each period. The plasma concentration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and metabolite mycophenolic acid (MPA) were analyhed by LC-MS/MS. The major pharmacokinetic parameters of MMF and MPA were calculated using non-compartmental analysis by WinNonlin 8.0. The statistical analysis was performed by SAS 9.4. Average bioequivalence (ABE) analysis was applied where it has been demonstrated that the within-subject standard deviation of the reference formulation (S
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Objective:By exploring the source of children's total fluoride intake and the relationship between children's total fluoride intake and dental fluorosis prevalence, to calculate the benchmark dose (BMD) of children's total fluoride intake and its 95% confidence lower limit (BMDL), and to provide the basis for revision of "Total Fluoride Intake for Inhabitants" (WS/T 87-2016).Methods:The villages that had water improvement for 5 years and more in 6 provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Henan and Shaanxi were selected as survey sites in April 2014. The water fluoride content of these villages was 0.3 - 3.0 mg/L, tap water samples from the centralized water supply were collected, and fluoride content was detected by ion selective electrode method. Children aged 8 to 12 years were selected, children's dental fluorosis was checked by Dean's method. Children's dietary and drinking water volume were surveyed by duplicate portion study (measurement for 3 d), and dietary fluoride content was detected according to the "Method for Determination of Fluorine in Foods". The mean and standard deviation of drinking water fluoride intake, dietary fluoride intake, and total fluoride intake were measured. According to the dose-response relationship between children's total fluoride intake and the detection rate of dental fluorosis, BMD and BMDL were calculated, and the reference dose (RfD) was calculated based on BMDL.Results:The mean of water fluoride of all 29 villages was 1.26 mg/L (from 0.41 to 2.85 mg/L). Totally 3 043 children aged 8 to 12 years were checked, and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 30.2% (919/3 034). The lowest detection rate of dental fluorosis was 2.0% (2/100) and the highest was 71.4% (30/42) in the 29 villages. The children's dietary and drinking water volume of 769 person-time aged 8 to 12 years were surveyed, the children's daily drinking water fluoride intake, dietary fluoride intake, and total fluoride intake were (0.83 ± 0.66), (1.13 ± 0.61) and (1.96 ± 0.89) mg/d, respectively. The BMD of children's daily total fluoride intake was 2.43 mg, the BMDL was 2.21 mg, and the RfD was 2.21 mg.Conclusion:The BMD of 8 to 12 years old children's daily total fluoride intake is the same as the allowable limit (2.4 mg) of the national standard "Total Fluoride Intake for Inhabitants" (WS/T 87-2016).
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Objective@#To analyze the status of dietary sodium intake of Chinese adult residents in fifteen provinces in 2015.@*Methods@#Data were collected from 2015 China Nutrition Transition Cohort Study. This cohort study used a three consecutive 24-h retrospective method to record food intake and weighing method to record household condiment consumption. In this study, 14 847 residents aged 18 years and over with complete data from 15 provinces in 2015 were selected for the comparison of dietary sodium intake (median) with different characteristics.@*Results@#Among the 14 847 residents, 47.1% were males, and the rural and northern residents accounted for 60.1% and 37.7%, respectively. Median sodium intake was 3 960.0 mg/d among residents in 2015. The sodium intake of males (4 272.1 mg/d) was higher than that of females (3 716.6 mg/d). Across age subgroups, sodium intake was highest among residents aged 45-59 years (4 257.0 mg/d; 18-44 years old, 3 867.1 mg/d; ≥60 years old, 3 799.0 mg/d). Sodium intake was higher in rural area (4 042.9 mg/d) than in urban area (3 866.8 mg/d), higher in north (4 229.2 mg/d) than in south (3 806.8 mg/d) (all P values <0.05). 11.8% of residents with dietary sodium intake were below 2 000 mg/d. The main sources of dietary sodium were condiments (79.4%), regular cooking foods (11.9%) and processed foods (8.7%). Among the condiments, the salt and soy sauce accounted for 63.6% and 10.4%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#In 2015, Chinese adult residents had higher dietary sodium intake with gender and regional differences. Condiments were the main source of dietary sodium.
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Objective To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China,to explore the influence of population economic factors on them.Methods A total of 3 367 farmers,including fishermen or hunters,aged ≥ 18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015.Basic information (age,gender),data on anthropometric (body height,weight and waist size),blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation,income,education level and living area) were included.According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005,five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity,increased triglycerides,decreased HDL-C,increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose.Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors.Results In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality),the prevalence rates of central obesity,increased blood pressure,increased plasma glucose,increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8％,59.0％,17.0％,25.5％ and 38.7％ respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69,95％CI:3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28,95％CI:2.81-3.82) were higher in women than in men,and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73,95％ CI:0.63-0.84),increased blood glucose (OR=0.80,95％ CI:0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men.Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P＜0.05).Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China.No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level,education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors.Conclusion In 15 provinces of China,the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5％ of the farmers,and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60％ of farmers.The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender.It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.
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Objective To analyze the prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic related risk factors in farmers aged ≥18 years in China,to explore the influence of population economic factors on them.Methods A total of 3 367 farmers,including fishermen or hunters,aged ≥ 18 years were selected as study subjects from the database of Nutritional Status and Health Transition of Chinese Residents Project in 2015.Basic information (age,gender),data on anthropometric (body height,weight and waist size),blood biochemical and socioeconomic (occupation,income,education level and living area) were included.According to the definition of the metabolic syndrome released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005,five cardio-metabolic risk factors appeared as central obesity,increased triglycerides,decreased HDL-C,increased blood pressure and increased plasma glucose.Co-prevalence of risk factors was defined as detecting 2 or more risk factors in a person at the same time.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and metabolic risk factors.Results In 3 367 framers of 15 provinces (autonomous region and municipality),the prevalence rates of central obesity,increased blood pressure,increased plasma glucose,increased triglycerides and decreased HDL-C were 51.8％,59.0％,17.0％,25.5％ and 38.7％ respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risks for central obesity (OR=3.69,95％CI:3.17-4.28) and decreased HDL-C (OR=3.28,95％CI:2.81-3.82) were higher in women than in men,and the risks for increased blood pressure (OR=0.73,95％ CI:0.63-0.84),increased blood glucose (OR=0.80,95％ CI:0.67-0.97) were lower in women than in men.Age was positively correlated with the prevalence or co-prevalence of metabolic risk factors (trend P＜0.05).Framers in western China had obviously lower risk for central obesity compared with farmers in central China.No significant correlation was found between farmers' income level,education level or the prevalence of metabolic risk factors.Conclusion In 15 provinces of China,the prevalence of at least 1 kind of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 85.5％ of the farmers,and the co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factor was found in 60％ of farmers.The prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were significantly associated with age and gender.It is suggested to take targeted nutritional intervention and health education according to the distribution characteristics of prevalence and co-prevalence of cardio-metabolic factors and strengthen the early prevention and control programs of the diseases.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the influences of different concentrations of MG132 on apoptosis and beta-amyloid protein ( Aβ) generation in SH-SY5Y cells, and to explore the underlying mechanism.METHODS:SHSY-5Y cells were incubated with MG132 for 24 h.The final concentrations of MG132 were 2.5, 5 and 10μmol/L.The cell viability was de-termined by MTT assay.The cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.The levels of Aβwere measured by ELISA. The relative protein levels were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:In the SH-SY5Y cells, MG132 reduced the cell via-bility, induced the cell apoptosis, increased the level of Aβ, and increased the expression of the related proteins for Aβgeneration in a concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: MG132 induces apoptosis and increases the levels of Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 by regulating the proteins related to Aβgeneration in the SH-SY5Y cells.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the nutritional ingredients of daily consumed pre-packaged foods in Chinese adult residents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October to December 2013, the nutrition labels of pre-packaged foods consumed in continuous 7 days by 706 adult residents were collected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling in 18 communities with 360 households in 9 cities in China including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenyang, Haerbin,Jinan,Zhengzhou, Changsha and Nanning. The contents of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium and the percentages of low-fat and low-sodium foods were compared among 7 different kinds of foods including baked foods, convenient foods, leisure foods, puffed foods, milk, beverages and seasonings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>871 kinds of pre-packaged foods were collected. The median (min, max) of energy contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were 2 155(1 638-2 785) kJ/100 g, 1 980 (582-2 639) kJ/100 g, 1 575 (353-3 015) kJ/100 g respectively. The median (min, max) of fat contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were 30.0 (5.0-40.9) g/100 g, 20.5 (0.3-40.5) g/100 g, 15.1 (0-71.4) g/100 g respectively. The contents of carbohydrate of baked foods, convenient foods and puffed foods were high relatively, the medians (min, max) of which were 58.1(19.8-82.5), 56.5(0-90.7), and 56.1(42.6-75.8)g/100 g respectively. The sodium content of seasoning was the highest, which was 2 177 (20-12 000) mg/100 g. The protein content of beverage was the lowest, which was 0.4(0-17.8)g/100 ml.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The energy and fat contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were high. The carbohydrate contents of baked foods, convenient foods and puffed foods were high relatively. The sodium content of seasonings was high. The protein contents of beverages were low.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Beverages , China , Cities , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dietary Fats , Dietary Proteins , Food , Food, Preserved , Nutrition Surveys , Nutritive Value , Sodium, DietaryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between dietary cholesterol intake and hypercholesterolemia among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 2009, 4 244 adults aged 25-65 years old who participated in both 2004 and 2009 China Health and Nutrition Surveys, and with complete biochemical and dietary data were selected. Hypercholesterolemia were defined as with total cholesterol ≥ 6.22 mmol/L, according to 2007 Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to investigate association between dietary cholesterol intake and hypercholesterolemia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average total cholesterol was 4.9 mmol/L, with prevalence of hypercholesterolemia as 9.6%, in 2009. During 2004 to 2009, dietary cholesterol showed a dramatical increase, with lower intake groups the most. Males who consumed middle or lower dietary cholesterol in 2004 and high intake in 2009 had significantly higher risk of having hypercholesterolemia. However, similar findings did not appear in females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The associations between dietary cholesterol intake and hypercholesterolemia were different among Chinese males and females. Dramatic increase of dietary cholesterol intake was related to higher risk of hypercholesterolemia in males.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, Dietary , Cohort Studies , Hypercholesterolemia , Epidemiology , Nutrition Surveys , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Objective To understand the relationship between dietary patterns and breast cancer and to provide a possible scientific basis for breast cancer prevention,we performed a meta-analysis in order to evaluate the current relevant literature.Method Meta-analysis was used to pool the effect of vegetable,fruit,fish and soybean dietary patterns on the risk of breast cancer.The breast cancer risk of the highest categories compared to the lowest categories of such dietary patterns was combined using fixed effect model.Searching the database (Chinese databases included CQVIP,WANFANG medicine online,CNKI and SinoMED,and English databases included PubMed,Embase,Cochrane database,Medline and Google Scholar) for articles published between January 1997 and June 2014.All statistical analyses were performed using the Stata 11.0.Result Twelve cohort studies involving 623 536 participants and 19 707 patients with brcast cancer were found to be eligible.Our results indicate that a reasonably healthy dietary pattern (which is characterized by a high consumption of vegetables,fruit,fish and soybean) is beneficial for the prevention of breast cancer.Compared to the lowest categories of such dietary patterns,relative risk (RR) of the highest categories is 0.86 (95％ CI 0.80-0.92).Conclusion A reasonably healthy dietary pattern (which is characterized by a high consumption of vegetables,fruit,fish and soybean) is beneficial for the prevention of breast cancer.
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Objective To explore the role of ERK1/2 in the central pathogenesis of migraine.Methods Healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal group (group C),sham operation group(group C),migraine model group(group M),DMSO group (group D)and PD-98059group (PD group),with 12 rats in each group.The extracellular discharge frequency in the spinal trigeminal nucleus was recorded and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was tested.Results (1) The percentage of extracellular discharge frequency change:Two hours after treatment,the percentage of discharge frequency change was (325.9±47.32)％.The percentage of extracellula discharge frequency change in group M (325.9±47.3)％ was higher than that in group N (100.0± 0.0) ％ and group C(107.3± 16.4)％.There was no significant difference in the percentage of discharge frequency change between group D(319.3±42.5) ％ and group M (325.9±47.3) ％.The percentage of discharge frequency change in group PD(218.5±31.7)％ was lower than that in group M(325.9±47.3)％ and group D(319.3± 42.5)％.(2) ERK1/2 phosphorylation:the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in group M and group D was higher than that in group N and group C.There was no significant difference in ERK1/2 phosphorylation between group D and group M.The ERK1/2 phosphorylation in group PD was lower than the other four groups.Conclusion During the process of central sensitization to migraine,neuronal excitability and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were increased.ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and neuronal excitability.These indicated that ERK1/2 may play a role in central sensitization of migraine in rats.
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Objective To explore the effect of protein kinase C inhibitor on the level of phosphralated extracellular regulated protein kinases in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of migraine model rats.Methods Healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group (group C),sham operation group (group C),migraine model group(group M),and H-7group(H-7group),with 18 rats in each group.Dural blood flow and the extracellular discharge frequency in the spinal trigeminal nucleus was recorded.ERK1/2 phosphorylation was tested.Results (1) Dural blood flow:compared with group C((3.8± 1.0)％),the dural blood flow in M group ((78.0±4.2) ％)increased obviously(P＜0.01) ; compared with M group((78.0±4.2)％),the dural blood flow in H-7 group((-24.8±4.9) ％) decreased obviously(P＜0.01).(2) The percentage of extracellular discharge frequency change:two hours after treatment,the percentage of extracellula discharge frequency change in group M ((325.9 ±47.3)％)was higher than that in group C((107.3±16.4)％).The percentage of discharge frequency change in group H-7((136.0±26.5)％) was lower than that in group M((325.9±47.3)％).There was no significant difference in the percentage of discharge frequency change between group H-7((136.0±26.5) ％) and group C((107.3 ± 16.4)％).(2) ERK1/2 phosphorylation:the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in group M was higher than that in group C.The ERK1/2 phosphorylation in group H-7 was lower than than that in group C and group M.Conclusion ERK1/2 is a downstream PKC signal path and PKC may have indirect activation of ERK1/2.
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Objective To study the relationship between CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and circadian genes expression in mammals.Methods C/EBP-a 240,280,650,1300 and Rev erb-a promoter-luciferase reporter gene expression vectors were set up,as well as the corresponding report gene stable transfection cell lines were established.The intensity and/or rhythm of report gene expression were observed by testing the biological fluorescent.Results The transcription factor CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer activated C/EBP-a via a conserved E-box element in its promoter,and the latter showed circadian oscillation which was E-box dependent.On the other hand,C/EBP-a suppressed Rev-erba transcription.Moreover,GR signaling,a known resetting signal for circadian clock,suppressed C/EBP-a transcription.Conclusion The data highlight the reciprocal feedback regulation between a key transcription factor C/EBP-a and the timing mechanism in cells.