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Objective: To investigate the toxicity of tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tributyl phosphate (TnBP) on the growth and development of zebrafish embryos, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms at the transcriptional level. Methods: With zebrafish as a model, two hpf zebrafish embryos were exposed to TCIPP and TnBP (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1 000 μmol/L) using the semi-static method, and their rates of lethality and hatchability were determined. The transcriptome changes of 120 hpf juvenile zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μmol/L were measured. Results: The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of TCIPP and TnBP for zebrafish embryos were 155.30 and 27.62 μmol/L (96 hpf), 156.5 and 26.05 μmol/L (120 hpf), respectively. The 72 hpf hatching rates of TCIPP (100 μmol/L) and TnBP (10 μmol/L) were (23.33±7.72)% and (91.67±2.97)%, which were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that TnBP had more differential genes (DEGs) than TCIPP, with a dose-response relationship. These DEGs were enriched in 32 pathways in total, including those involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nuclear receptor-related pathways, using the IPA pathway analysis. Among them, three enriched pathways overlapped between TCIPP and TnBP, including TR/RXR activation and CAR/RXR activation. Additionally, DEGs were also mapped onto pathways of LXR/RXR activation and oxidative stress for TnBP exposure only. Conclusion: Both TCIPP and TnBP have growth and developmental toxicities in zebrafish embryos, with distinct biomolecular mechanisms, and TnBP has a stronger effect than TCIPP.
Subject(s)
Animals , Zebrafish/metabolism , Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism , Transcriptome , Oxidative Stress , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of Dynamic neutralization system applied to the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases with fatty infiltration of multifidus muscle.Methods:From Jan 2015 to Dec 2017, a total of 53 patients of lumbar degenerative diseases with multifidus fatty infiltration treated by Dynesys in our hospital were analyzed, included 21 males and 32 females, aged 66.2±7.4 (range 48-81) years. There were lumbar spinal stenosis in 37 casesand lumbar disc herniationin 16 cases; the index level included L 2-S 1 in 3 cases, L 3-S 1 in 13 cases, L 2-L 5 in 5 cases, L 4-S 1 in 17 cases, and L 3-L 5 in 15 cases. The pedicle screws were inserted at the point of intersection of the outer edge of superior articular process and the midline of transverse process. After discectomy of herniated disc and hyperplastic ligamentum flavum, the distance between the upper and lower pedicle screws was measured and then the spacer of the corresponding length was cut out. Finally, the spacer was placed and fixed between the upper and lower pedicle screws by the elastic rope. The degree of multifidus fat infiltration, lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slop (SS), range of motion (ROM), intervertebral height (IH), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), the MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) and visual analog scale (VAS) were evaluated postoperatively. Results:The operation was performed successfully in all the patients. The operation duration was 173.5±64.7 (range 125-240) min. Intraoperative blood loss was 469.5±118.2 (range 380-620) ml. The patients were followed up for 47.9±6.7 (range 38-62) months averagely. At the last follow-up, the degree of fatty infiltration of the multifidus muscle showed no further progress by MR scan. There was no significant difference in ROM and IH at different time points preoperativelyand postoperatively. The LL recovered from 37.6°±8.8° to 43.2°±9.1°, the PT decreased from 24.7°±9.3° to 20.5°±5.1°, and the SS increased from 22.1°±7.7°to 26.3°±8.0°. The JOA score increased from preoperative 6.4±1.2 to 20.6±2.8, ODI decreased from preoperative 50.6%±11.3% to 13.0%±3.4%, SF-36 increased from preoperative 81.5±3.6 to 95.5±4.2, and the VAS decreased from preoperative 4.2±1.0 to 1.1±0.6. One patient experienced loosening and displacement on the left side pedicle screw of the L2 vertebral body 3.5 years after operation, and herclinical symptom improved significantly after conservative treatment.Conclusion:Dynesysis is safe and effective for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases with fatty infiltration of multifidus muscle, and it can restore the complete structure and function of tension band at lower back and prevent the progress of multifidus muscle fat infiltration combined with postoperative rehabilitation training.
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Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Myosin X on the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H1975 in vitro. Methods:Western blot was applied to detect the expression level of Myosin X expression. The H1975 cell line with stable knockout of Myosin X (KO group) and infected with control virus (NC group) were constucted by using CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The knockout efficiency was validated. The radiosensitivity of two cell lines was measured by colony formation assay and single-hit multi-target model. γ-H 2AX focus formation test and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis were employed to identify the regulatory mechanism of the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell lines mediated by Myosin X. Results:The expression level of Myosin X in the H1975 cells was significantly up-regulated than those in other NSCLC cell lines (all P<0.01). The lentiviral vector of Myosin X sgRNA-Lenti-CRISPR v2 was successfully constructed. After the puromycin screening, H1975 cell lines with complete knockout of Myosin X and control cell lines (NC group) were obtained. Colony formation assay demonstrated that compared with the NC group, the radiosensitivity in the KO group was significantly higher (The D 0 value was decreased from 1.28 Gy to 1.03 Gy, SF 2 decreased from 0.29 to 0.21, and the sensitization ratio was 1.24). The γ-H 2AX focus formation test showed that the number of damage focus formed at 1 h and 6 h after irradiation in the KO group was significantly larger than that in the NC group ( P<0.05. RNAseq analysis indicated that the expression level of ISLR in the KO group was significantly down-regulated than that IN the NC group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Knockout of Myosin X can increase the radiosensitivity of H1975 cells probably by interfering the repair of DNA double-strand damage and down-regulating the expression level of ISLR.
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Social defeat stress (SDS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression. Sleep is generally considered to involve recovery of the brain from prior experience during wakefulness and is altered after acute SDS. However, the effect of acute SDS on sleep/wake behavior in mice varies between studies. In addition, whether sleep changes in response to stress contribute to anxiety is not well established. Here, we first investigated the effects of acute SDS on sleep/wake states in the active period in mice. Our results showed that total sleep time (time in rapid eye-movement [REM] and non-REM [NREM] sleep) increased in the active period after acute SDS. NREM sleep increased mainly during the first 3 h after SDS, while REM sleep increased at a later time. Then, we demonstrated that the increased NREM sleep had an anxiolytic benefit in acute SDS. Mice deprived of sleep for 1 h or 3 h after acute SDS remained in a highly anxious state, while in mice with ad libitum sleep the anxiety rapidly faded away. Altogether, our findings suggest an anxiolytic effect of NREM sleep, and indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for anxiety.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe and evaluate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at different time points on postoperative analgesia in perioperative period in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery, and to explore the optimal time to use TEAS for shoulder arthroscopic surgery.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients undergoing unilateral shoulder arthroscopy under general anesthesia, graded withⅠtoⅡaccording to ASA criteria were randomly divided into 3 groups, 40 patients in each one. The patients in the group A were treated with preoperative TEAS at sham acupoints combined with postoperative TEAS at Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6); the patients in the group B were treated with preoperative TEAS at Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) combined with postoperative TEAS at sham acupoints; the patients in the group C were treated with TEAS at sham acupoints before and after operation. The parameters of TEAS were dilatational wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency, 30 min. When the resting-state visual analogue scale (VAS) of incision was more than 3 points, the patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump of sufentanil was administered to maintain the VAS no more than 3 points. The time point when PCIA pump was firstly used, the used dose of sufentanil and effective pressing number of PCIA pump within 24 hours after surgery were recorded. Intraoperative anesthetic doses were recorded in the three groups. The resting-state and task-state VAS were evaluated at 0, 6, 12, 24 hours after surgery; the patient's satisfaction rate and adverse effects were recorded.@*RESULTS@#The time when PCIA pump was firstly used in the group A and the group B was significantly longer than that in the group C, and the used dose of sufentanil and effective pressing number of PCIA pump within 24 hours after surgery in the group A and group B were significantly less than those in the group C (all 0.05). There were no statistically significant difference in VAS score at different postoperative time points and postoperative analgesia satisfaction rate between the two groups (all >0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Perioperative TEAS could improve the postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery, delay the time when PCIA pump is firstly used, reduce the dosage of postoperative analgesics and adverse events. Compared before surgery, postoperative TEAS has better analgesia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Arthroscopy , Shoulder , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the clinical effect of hydromorphone in the prevention of postoperative hyperpathia in patients receiving remifentanil combined anesthesia.@*Methods@#64 patients who were scheduled to receive abdominal surgery and postoperative analgesia were randomly divided into hydromorphone group(n=32) and control group (n=32) according to random number table.All the cases were given PCIA after surgery, the control group was given fentanyl 12.5μg/kg, and the hydromorphone group was given fentanyl 12.5μg/kg + hydromorphone 10μg/kg.The postoperative analgesic effects at different time, postoperative recovery, usage of PCIA and incidence of adverse effects in two groups were compared.@*Results@#There were no statistically significant differences in respiration recovery time, wake-up time, extubation time between the two groups (t=1.21, 0.83, 0.33, all P>0.05). The levels of MAP, HR after extubation of the hydromorphone group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=2.84, 2.66, all P<0.05). The VAS scores at 30 min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 12h after operation in the hydromorphone group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t=8.83, 5.25, 8.77, 9.51, 9.69, all P<0.05), while the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups at 24h after operation (t=1.87, P>0.05). The press times and dosage of fentanyl during 1h, 24h after surgery of the hydromorphone group were significantly less than those of the control group(t=16.71, 36.38, 43.05, 10.98, all P<0.05). The adverse reactions between the two groups had no statistically statistical difference (χ2=0.14, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Postoperative analgesia of remifentanil combined anesthesia with hydromorphone can effectively prevent RIH, reduce other anesthetics dose, and does not increase the risk of complications.
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Objective To study the effect of total knee arthroplasty after limb position on postoperative hemorrhage,to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods 270 cases of total knee arthroplasty were selected.The patients were divided into groupⅠ,group Ⅱand group Ⅲ according to the random number table method, 90 cases in each group.Patients of group Ⅰ with limb hip and knee were straight,group Ⅱ hip joint elevation of 45 degrees,70 degrees of knee flexion,group Ⅲ hip joint elevation of 45 degrees,the knee extension.All the patients were intervened for 12h after operation,were placed drainage bag 24 hours.The lead flow,preoperative,postoperative hemoglobin and 5 days after the knee joint activity were compared in the three groups.Results Induced flow after surgery in group Ⅰ was (433.4 ±25.3)mL,which was significantly higher than (402.6 ±19.6)mL and (403.5 ± 21.5)mL in group Ⅱand group Ⅲ,and the differences were statistically significant (t =5.253,5.301,all P 0.05).The hemoglobin levels of the three groups were (92.3 ±4.2)g/L,(114.9 ±6.4)g/L and (113.2 ±7.5)g/L,which were significantly decreased after operation,the differences were statistically significant compared with before operation (t =5.083, 6.034,7.893,all P 0.05).There was no significant difference of range of motion in the three groups after 5 days of operation (P >0.05).Conclusion Hip flexion can effectively reduce bleeding after total knee arthro-plasty,the flexion and extension of knee joint had no significant effect on postoperative hemorrhage.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of modified storage type of autologous blood transfu-sion combined with shed blooding retransformation technique after OrthoPAT for artificial total knee arthroplasty. Methods 70 patients with total knee replacement were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 35 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with the modified storage autotransfusion combined shed blooding retransformation technique after OrthoPAT,while the control group was given conventional allogeneic blood transfusion.The hemoglobin values and blood coagulation function of the two groups at immediately before anesthesia and surgery,10min before autologous blood transfusion and after reinfusion of 15min,after 6h and 24h of surgery were recorded,and the drainage blood total value,allogeneic blood transfusion measurement issues and transfusion rate after 24h were recorded.Results The hemodynamics of the two groups were stable at each time,there were no difference at urine volume (all P >0.05).The coagulation conditions were normal of the two groups at each time,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P >0.05).The average volume and homologous blood transfusion rate in the observation group were (126.3 ±6.5)mL,1 /35,which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(476.4 ±10.6)mL,2 /35],the differences were statistically significant (t =10.73,χ2 =6.31,all P <0.05).The incidence rate of postoperative complication of the observation group was 5.7%,which was signifi-cantly lower than 22.9% of the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 =4.93,P <0.05).Conclusion The improved storage type of autologous blood transfusion combined with shed bloo-ding retransformation technique after OrthoPAT has exact effect for artificial total knee arthroplasty,the incidence of adverse reactions is low,as well as the low blood transfusion rate.
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Objective To investigate the differences in biomechanical properties of 3 internal fixation patterns(the lateral plate and screw group, the rear plate and screw group, and the front and rear lag screw group) for treating posterolateral tibial plateau fracture under different axial loads. Methods Based on CT data of the tibial plateau, the entity model of 1/2 and 1/4 posterolateral tibial plateau fracture with 3 internal fixations were established and meshed to analyze force status of the fracture models with 3 internal fixations under different axial loads. ResultsUnder the axial load of 1 kN, for the 1/2 posterolateral tibial plateau fracture model, the displacements of the fracture fragments in the lateral plate and screw group, the rear plate and screw group, and the front and rear lag screw were 552.082, 67.964, 54.085 μm, respectively, and the stresses on the fixation device were 306.745, 231.844, 73.047 MPa, respectively. For the 1/4 posterolateral tibial plateau fracture model, the displacements in the three groups above were 416.072, 302.107, 150.639 μm, respectively, and the stresses on the fixation device were 306.673, 208.467, 73.607 MPa, respectively. Both the displacements of the fracture fragments and the stresses on the fixation device increased correspondingly under the axial load of 1.5 kN, and the trend of the data was similar to that under the axial load of 1 kN. Conclusions The results from the fracture models with 3 internal fixation patterns show that the front and rear lag screw group has a superior biomechanical stability under two different axial loads, and the similar mechanical properties can be achieved in the rear plate and screw group. Therefore, the front and rear lag screws will be preferred to treat posterolateral tibial plateau fracture with less obvious displacement in clinic.
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Objective:To investigate the current status and trends of group counseling research in China by bibliometric analysis and content analysis.Method:Using methods of bibliometrics and content analysis,Chinese papers on group counseling in 1996 -2013 which were found in CNKI were analyzed in 6 aspects including litera-ture number,sources,research type,topic,quality and competence of group counselors.Results:A total number of 516 papers were found,in which 51.0% of journal articles and 49.0% of dissertations.The research methods and topics were developing from outcome and quantitative research to multiple methods and topics including process re-search,process-outcome research,qualitative research,combined research and theoretical research.The problems were that researchers were still focused on outcome research (92.6%)and quantitative research (54.5%).As to research quality,40.7% of journal articles were published on CSSCI,22.5% of the experimental studies had no control groups,among which 43.3% were not randomized or matched,and 75.5% of outcome researches had not traced long-term effects.In 65.4% of the researches,group leaders'qualifications were not described.Conclusion:The group counseling research in China is developed quite rapidly,and the research type and topic are more di-verse,but the quality of the studies needs to be improved,and the competence of group leaders needs to be exam-ined.
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BACKGROUND: The extramedulary fixation system including dynamic hip screw (DHS) is commonly used in treatment of Intertrochanteric fracture. However, in patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture, extramedulary fixation system often leads to the failure of fracture fixation. Intramedulary fixation system including both proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and InterTan nail has been widely used in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effects of extramedulary fixation system containing DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS:Literatures were searched in Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane library to screen literatures published from January 1990 to November 2014. Relevant studies addressing extramedulary fixation system containing DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail were screened. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 346 articles were screened, and 13 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. 1 271 patients with different types of intertrochanteric fracture were assessed in this study. Compared to DHS group, patients treated with PFNA and InterTan nail had shorter operation time and less blood loss. No significant difference in rehabilitation time and Harris score was detected among three kinds of fixation methods. Additionaly, PFNA and InterTan nail had a similar effect. These findings verify that compared with DHS, PFNA and InterTan nail can optimize the surgery, but cannot elevate postoperative outcomes.
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BACKGROUND:Repair programs of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture included posterior plate screws, lateral plate screw and anterior and posterior lag screw fixation. To choose which fixation methods depends on clinical experiences of physicians. Study results are mainly clinical reports, and lack of mechanical evidence. OBJECTIVE:To compare biomechanical changes in three fixed manners (lateral plate screw group, posterior plate screw group and anterior and posterior lag screw group) in the repair of posterolateral fracture of tibial plateau from the angle of biomechanics. METHODS:A total of tibial specimens of six adult male antisepsis corpses (12 samples) were used for measuring bone mineral density of metaphysis. 1/2 posterolateral tibial plateau fracture model was established by electric pendulum saw. The model was randomly divided into three groups:lateral plate screw group, posterior plate screw group and anterior and posterior lag screw group. Finite element method and biomechanics were used to test axial displacement value and the maximal displacement distribution area under the axial loads of 250, 500, and 1 000 N. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in average bone density in three groups of metaphysis (P>0.05). The minimum axial displacement of the fracture fragments was in the anterior and posterior lag screw group (0.013 521 mm), fol owed by posterior plate screw group (0.016 991 mm), and the maximum was visible in the lateral plate screw group (0.138 200 mm) under 250 N load. Displacement value was similar to the 250 N under 500 and 1 000 N. According to the results of biomechanics, displacement values of anterior and posterior lag screw was obviously less than the lateral plate screw group and posterior plate screw group (P0.05). The maximal displacement distribution area was proximal tibiofibular joint border zone in two methods. These data indicated that the biomechanical stability was most advantageous in the anterior and posterior lag screw group, and poorest in the lateral plate screw group. In the clinic, anterior and posterior lag screw fixation can be used as a first choice for repair of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture.
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BACKGROUND:Proximal humeral internal locking system fixation for complex humeral fractures via deltoid splitting approach provides good clinical results, but certain complications stil existed. OBJECTIVE:To explore the postoperative complications and the related risk factors for displaced three-part and four-part fractures of proximal humerus treated with proximal humeral internal locking system fixation via deltoid-splitting approach, and to propose the corresponding countermeasures. METHODS:106 cases with displaced three-part and four-part fractures of proximal humerus were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between postoperative complications and the related risk factors was analyzed with Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 81 patients were fol owed-up for 12 to 30 months. The mean Constant score at 12 months after operation was (76.57±4.70) points. The postoperative complications occurred in 31 patients (38.3%) of which impingement syndrome involved in 16 cases (19.8%), head-shaft angle loss in six cases (7.4%), head-shaft angle loss combined with screws cut-out in two cases (2.5%), pure screws cut-out in two cases (2.5%), humeral head necrosis in two cases (2.5%), fat liquefaction in five cases (6.2%). Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences in the superiorly located greater tuberosity, superiorly located plate and Neer classification between impingement group and un-impinged group (P<0.05). There were statistical y significant differences in age, postoperative medial cortical defects and Neer classification between head-shaft angle loss group and un-loss group (P<0.05). By means of logistic regression analysis, the superiorly located greater tuberosity, superiorly located plate and Neer classification were the individual predictors for postoperative impingement syndrome;postoperative medial cortical defect and Neer classification were the individual predictors for postoperative head-shaft angle loss.
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Acupuncture manipulations on Fengchi (GB 20) of famous doctors were taken through force feedback device, then the data was input into a digitized virtual human. Virtual Fengchi (GB 20) acupuncture force feedback simulation system was built through the virtual reality technology to achieve one-to-one high simulative manipulation effect for acupuncture students. The interaction force of the needle body and human tissues was analyzed during the acupuncture process on the 3D digital human integrated with information of Fengchi (GB 20) according to the physical characteristics of the tissues under this point. The mechanical model which is used to imitate the stress received by the body of the needle was established, and transmitted truly to the operator by the force feedback device. Thus, Fengchi (GB 20) virtual acupuncture force feedback simulation was preliminary established, and the sense of touch could be reproduced lively on the visualized virtual acupuncture human. It is held that Fengchi (GB 20) acupuncture force feedback research is a preliminary exploration for virtual acupuncture that integrated with the information of visual, tactile and force feedback. And it also provided a dynamic one-to-one simulation approach for acupuncture teaching.
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Humans , Acupuncture , Education , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Methods , Computer Simulation , NeedlesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the anatomic structure of Huantiao (GB 30) visually, to imitate the inserting process of the needle to explore the safty of needle insertion and improve the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in clinic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Combined with anatomic structure of acupoint, muscles and other tissues related with Huantiao (GB 30) were interactively segmented in VOXEL-MAN with the computer graphics technology. Nerves and blood vessels were reconstructed by establishing mathematic model, and the needle-inserting animation of Huantiso (GB 30) was obtained by running script file.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of Huantiao (GB 30) on needle-inserting animation was accomplished, the spatial location and expression of Huantiao (GB 30) in the digitized virtual human body were observed, the virtual inserting process was imitated realistically, and the 3-D animation of needle insertion at Huantiao (GB 30) was created.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Building mathematic model is favorable for expressing the anatomic structure of Huantiao (GB 30) in 3-D space, imitating the process of needle insertion realistically and observing the spatial structure of the point and the around tissues, which can provide a solid foundation for the safety of needle insertion of acupoints and improve therapeutic effect of acupuncture in clinic.</p>
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Computer Graphics , Imaging, Three-DimensionalABSTRACT
Objective To investigate image quality and clinical value of dual-source dual energy virtual non-contrast (VNC) CT of the head. MethodsSixty-two patients suspected of cerebrovascular diseases underwent conventional non-contrast (CNC) CT and dual energy CTA examination of the head with dual-source CT. Virtual non-contrast images were reconstructed using dual energy software. The CT values of gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, hyperdense hemorrhagic lesion and hypodense ischemic lesion were compared between CNC and VNC images. A four-score scale was used to assess image quality subjectively. Image noise, radiation dosage and detection rate were compared between CNC and VNC images. Paired t test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Chi-square test (McNemar test and Kappa test) were used. Results The CT value on CNC and VNC images, were (43. 3 ± 1.5) and (33. 2 ± 1.3) HU for gray matter (t = 46.98, P ＜ 0. 01), (32. 9 ± 1.3) and (28.8 ± 1.6) HU for white matter(t = 16. 28, P ＜0.01), (9.0 ± 1.4) and (5.3 ± 1.9) HU for cerebrospinal fluid (t=12.41, P＜0.01),(62.8 ±10.0) and (51.3 ± 11.5) HU for hyperdense lesion (Z = -4.37, P ＜ 0.01), (20.7 ±4.7) and (18.0 ±6. 9) HU for hypodense lesion (t = 3. 84, P ＜ 0. 01), respectively. VNC images[(1.63 ±0.34) HU]had more noise than CNC images[(0.99±0.18) HU](Z= -6.41, P＜0.01). VNC [(0. 53 ± 0. 08) mSv]had less effective dose than CNC[(1.37 ± 0. 23) mSy](Z= - 6. 45, P ＜ 0. 01).In subjective assessment, VNC images had more noise (2. 7 ± 0. 5 for VNC and 3.9 ± 0. 3 for CNC,Z = -6. 84, P ＜ 0. 01) and skull base-related artifacts (2. 4 ± 0. 9 for VNC and 3.7 ± 0. 5 for CNC,Z = -6. 15, P ＜0. 01) than CNC images. The gray/white matter contrast (1.3 ± 0. 5 for VNC and 3.3 ±0. 6 for CNC, Z = - 7. 01, P ＜ 0. 01), hyperdense lesion display (3.0 ± 0. 4 for VNC and 4. 0 ± 0. 0 for CNC,Z = -4. 52, P ＜ 0. 01) and hypodense lesion display (3.2 ± 0. 8 for VNC and 3.9 ± 0. 3 for CNC,Z= -3. 12, P ＜0. 01) on VNC images were lower than those on CNC images. In per-patient analysis,29 cases of hyperdense lesion (hemorrhage) were found on VNC images without misdiagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were all 100. 0% (29/29,33/33, 29/29, 33/33). VNC images had the same detection rate of hyperdense lesions as CNC images (P ＞0. 05, Kappa = 1. 000) at per-patient level. Twenty-two patients with hypodense ischemic lesions were found on VNC images with one false positive case and two false negative cases. The sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 91.3% (21/23), 97.4%(38/39), 95.5% (21/22) and 95.0% (38/40) respectively. No statistical difference was found in detecting hypodense lesions between VNC and CNC images (χ2 = 0. 00, P ＞ 0. 05, Kappa = 0. 895). In per-lesion analysis, 53 hemorrhage lesions were found on VNC images with false negative results of four lesions and no false positive result. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.0% (53/57), 100. 0% (38/38), 100. 0% (53/53) and 90. 5% (38/42)respectively. There was no significant difference in detection rate of hyperdense lesion between VNC and CNC images (χ2 =2. 25, P ＞0. 05, Kappa =0. 914). Thirty-eight hypodense lesions were found on VNC images with 2 false positive lesions and 13 false negative lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 73.5% (36/49), 96.4% (53/55), 94. 7% (36/38)and 80. 3% (53/66) respectively. The detection rate of hypodense lesion on VNC images was lower than that on CNC images (χ2 = 6. 67 ,P ＜ 0.01, Kappa = 0. 707). Conclusion Compared with CNC images,head VNC images have reduced image quality and radiation dosage. VNC images can replace CNC images potentially in detecting intracranial hemorrhage and provide information for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases to some extent.
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Objective To investigate the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) in murine endochondral ossification. Methods The knockout of HIF-1α or VHL gene in murine osteoblasts was accomplished by conditional knockout technique at 4th, 8th and 12th week, and the differences between wild-type group and knock-out group in endochondral ossification were detected by HE staining, micro-CT scanning, trabecular bone area measurement, calcium content measurement, tetracycline fluorescence labeling, Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results After knockout of HIF-1α gene in osteoblasts, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) reduced, the rate of new bone formation stepped down, the content of calcium became less, and the trabecular bone volume decreased (P <0.05) . After knockout of VHL gene in osteoblasts, the expression of VEGF increased, the rate of new bone formation stepped up, the content of calcium became more, and the trabecular bone volume was promoted (P < 0.001). Conclusion During murine endochondral ossification, VHL/HIF-1α signal pathway promotes angiogenesis through the stimulation of VEGF expression, which subsequently accelerates osteogenesis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the mechanical virtual reality when acupuncture on Jianliao (TE 14) so as to get perform perceptual knowledge of acupuncture for beginners through studying 3D reconstruction of surrounding tissues of this acupoint.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Related tissues were segmented and reconstructed by establishing mathematics model based on the operational platform of VOXEL-MAN (vision reappearance); and mechanical model was constructed and fused with related data of virtual human (touch reappearance); data communication between the force feedback apparatus and the operational platform of virtual human were set up by interchanging vision reappearance module and touch reappearance module.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Linux system, the operator could experience the mechanical changes while needle-tip passing various tissues of Jianliao (TE 14) as well as lifting and thrusting evenly in needling process through the force feedback apparatus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on the platform of VOXEL-MAN, the sensation of needling at jianliao (TE 14) could be reappeared idealy by strength feedback instrument, so that the beginners could imitate, learn and practice the virtual acupuncture.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Biomechanical Phenomena , Computer Simulation , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Therapy, Computer-Assisted , User-Computer InterfaceABSTRACT
The mechanism of chromium accumulation and microstructure transformation of the fused yeast were studied in this paper.The result showed that the process of Cr6+ reduction and adsorption was accom-panied by the H+ consumption.The main adsorptive groups on the strain surface included amino,hydroxyl,phosphate group and amide,among which phosphate group played vital role in the chromium accumulation.The removal rate of chromium and reduction rate of hexavalent chromium declined 70% and 46%,respec-tively,when phosphate group was masked.During the adsorption process the chromium ions complexed on the surface of fused yeast was transported into the cell wall and combined with inclusion to form steady spe-cies and this took 90 min to reach the equilibrium.The biosorption and reduction of Cr on the cell surface would alter microstructure of cell surface,reduce cell membrane potential and increase cell membrane per-meability.
ABSTRACT
A new experiment curriculum system of environmental microbiology was established centering on applied microbiology in environmental protection field and emphasizing on design and research experi- ments to motivate the students’ interests for the course, which helped them to improve their ability of think- ing independently and creatively as well as their practicing ability.